Journal of Offender Rehabilitation最新文献

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Shifting perceptions of a risk/need assessment tool: exploring practitioners’ adjustments to reform 风险/需求评估工具观念的转变:探索从业者对改革的调整

IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2021.1887428

Joel Miller, J. Brey

Abstract This paper examines how frontline juvenile probation officers’ (POs’) perceptions of a risk/need assessment (RNA) evolved over the years following its introduction, and what subjective experiences shaped their adaptation. It does this by analyzing 86 qualitative interviews with POs conducted in five Pennsylvania counties several years after the introduction of the RNA. While line POs often experienced initial resistance to the RNA, views had tended to soften since, and they held a predominantly positive view of the tool at the time of the study. However, patterns of support and their change over time varied, with some line POs continuing to express resistant attitudes. Resistance to the tool during the period appeared anchored in concerns about workload, change, challenges to PO judgment, the tool’s legitimacy, and the tool’s purpose. Line POs’ acceptance of the RNA appeared related to its fit with their preexisting orientations, their recognition of the tool’s value through practice, a process of habituation, experiences of training, as well as pressure for compliance from managers and supervisors. Findings inform theory and guidance to future RNA implementation efforts.

摘要本文研究了一线青少年感化官(POs)对风险/需求评估(RNA)的认知在其引入后的几年里是如何演变的，以及哪些主观经验影响了他们的适应。在引入RNA后的几年里，它通过分析86个对宾夕法尼亚州五个县的POs进行的定性访谈来做到这一点。虽然line POs最初通常对RNA有抵抗力，但此后观点趋于软化，并且在研究期间他们对该工具持主要积极的看法。然而，支持的模式及其随时间的变化各不相同，一些行POs继续表达抵制态度。在此期间，对该工具的抵制出现在对工作量、变更、对PO判断的挑战、工具的合法性以及工具的目的的关注中。Line POs对RNA的接受似乎与它与他们先前存在的方向的契合，他们通过实践认识到工具的价值，习惯的过程，培训的经验，以及来自经理和主管的遵守压力有关。研究结果为未来RNA实施工作提供了理论和指导。

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引用次数: 1

Estimating a treatment effect on reoffending by people in prison with an alcohol use disorder: a national matched propensity score analysis 估计监狱中酒精使用障碍患者再次犯罪的治疗效果：一项全国匹配倾向评分分析

IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2021.1887427

A. Sondhi, A. Leidi, D. Best

Abstract Little is known as to the efficacy of treatment interventions for an alcohol use disorder (AUD) to reduce reoffending. A quasi-experimental propensity score matched observational study was deployed to calculate the average treatment effect on reoffending for people in prison with an AUD exposed to prison-based treatment compared to a matched control group. A one-to-one match without replacement followed by a marginal Cox proportional hazards time-to-event model with the treatment group only were also run. No statistically significant difference in reoffending rates and risk of reoffending on release were noted. Analyses suggest that the treatment group were more likely to be treated for binge drinking than individuals assessed who commit crime due to their consumption of alcohol. The English treatment model is an opportunity to create an enhanced system that integrates public health whilst addressing recidivism. Further work is required assessing the effect of multiple treatments on reoffending.

对于酒精使用障碍(AUD)的治疗干预措施减少再犯的有效性知之甚少。一项准实验倾向评分匹配观察性研究被用于计算在监狱中接受监狱治疗的AUD患者与匹配对照组相比对再犯的平均治疗效果。还对治疗组进行了无替代的一对一匹配，然后对治疗组进行了边际Cox比例风险时间-事件模型。再犯率和释放后再犯的风险没有统计学上的显著差异。分析表明，治疗组比因饮酒而犯罪的个体更有可能因酗酒而接受治疗。英国的治疗模式是一个机会，可以创建一个加强系统，将公共卫生与解决累犯问题结合起来。需要进一步的工作来评估多种治疗对再犯的影响。

引用次数: 0

Juvenile Second Chance Act Participation in Virginia: Impact on Rearrest, Reconviction, and Reincarceration 弗吉尼亚州青少年第二次机会法案的参与：对教养、再定罪和再监禁的影响

IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-03-29 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2021.1887426

A. Liberman, Jeanette Hussemann, Brice McKeever

Abstract This study evaluates the recidivism impact of the Tidewater Reentry Initiative (TRI) for medium and high-risk juveniles released from secure statewide facilities. TRI used an intensive case management model combined with in-reach prerelease reentry planning. Impact was assessed using propensity score (PS) weighting in a geographic comparison design. Treatment youth were released from statewide facilities to the Tidewater area of Virginia; comparison youth were released to a comparison area. PSs were used to balance the samples on demographics, current case characteristics, and criminal history. Descriptively, treatment youth showed lower rearrest and reconviction rates at 6, 12, and 24 months following release than comparison youth. Survival analyses examined time to first rearrest, reconviction, and reincarceration, using 6 months to 6 years of follow-up data. Treatment youth were slower to be rearrested and reconvicted, which was significant at the p < .10 level in Cox proportional hazard models. These beneficial effects appear concentrated among the youth released as adults, but formal tests of the interaction were not significant. The intensive case management model seems to have promise to delay recidivism, although high recidivism rates suggest that the model is not intensive enough for high risk youth involved in the juvenile justice system.

摘要本研究评估了潮汐水重返倡议（TRI）对从全州安全设施释放的中高风险青少年的累犯影响。TRI使用了一种密集的病例管理模式，并结合了到达前的重返计划。在地理比较设计中使用倾向得分（PS）加权来评估影响。接受治疗的年轻人被从全州范围的设施释放到弗吉尼亚州的潮汐水域；比较青年被释放到比较地区。PSs用于平衡人口统计、当前案件特征和犯罪史的样本。据描述，接受治疗的年轻人在6岁、12岁和24岁时表现出较低的再感染率和再感染率释放后数月相比年轻人。生存率分析使用6个月至6年的随访数据，检查了第一次重新捕获、再次捕获和再捕获的时间。接受治疗的年轻人被重新逮捕和重新定罪的速度较慢，这在Cox比例风险模型中在p<.10水平上是显著的。这些有益效果似乎集中在成年释放的年轻人中，但对相互作用的正式测试并不显著。密集型案件管理模式似乎有望推迟累犯，尽管高累犯率表明，该模式对参与少年司法系统的高风险青年来说不够密集。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of a correspondence-based educational program on prisoner loneliness, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms 书信教育计划对囚犯孤独、自尊和抑郁症状的影响

IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2020.1863300

Julie Coticchia, S. Putnam

Abstract This study investigated the effects of participation in a nonaccredited correspondence-based educational program on incarcerated students’ levels of loneliness, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. Participants included 238 active students and 169 waitlist students from 38 states. Results demonstrated that participation was associated with lower levels of loneliness and higher levels of self-esteem, but there were no effects of participation on depressive symptoms. These findings demonstrate significant effects of outside programming on inmate mental health, suggesting a valuable alternative to internal programs.

摘要本研究调查了参与非认证函授教育项目对监禁学生孤独感、自尊和抑郁症状水平的影响。参与者包括来自38个州的238名在校学生和169名候补学生。结果表明，参与与较低的孤独感和较高的自尊水平有关，但参与对抑郁症状没有影响。这些发现证明了外部项目对囚犯心理健康的显著影响，表明了内部项目的一个有价值的替代方案。

引用次数: 2

Work, support and solitude: prisoners’ desistance expectations and self-regulating strategies 工作、支持与孤独:囚犯的克制期望与自我调节策略

IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2020.1863299

Emma Villman

Abstract This article explores how prisoners plan to achieve desistance from crime. In many respects, prisoners have poor prospects upon their release. A prisoner’s chances of reintegration can be hindered by conditions such as structural barriers, lack of social support, and the after-effects of imprisonment. Using qualitative interviews with prisoners (N = 45) who were serving at open low-security prisons in Finland, this analysis demonstrates that the majority of the prisoners had optimistic expectations and devised concrete plans for desistance. To achieve this desired change, the prisoners intended to use three self-regulating strategies; to secure employment or another daily routine, to seek help from others, and to shift surroundings. Even if work, support, and solitude are viable strategies for achieving desistance from crime, this article recognizes the risk of these self-regulating strategies failing due to inherent uncertainties and weak implementation intentions.

摘要本文探讨了囚犯如何计划实现犯罪中止。在许多方面，囚犯获释后前景不佳。囚犯重返社会的机会可能会受到结构性障碍、缺乏社会支持和监禁后遗症等条件的阻碍。对囚犯进行定性访谈（N = 45），这项分析表明，大多数囚犯都有乐观的期望，并制定了具体的退出计划。为了实现这一期望的改变，囚犯们打算使用三种自我调节策略；确保工作或其他日常事务，寻求他人帮助，并改变周围环境。即使工作、支持和独处是摆脱犯罪的可行策略，本文也认识到，由于固有的不确定性和薄弱的实施意图，这些自我调节策略可能会失败。

引用次数: 6

Individuals with mental illness who have multiple encounters with law enforcement 有精神疾病的人与执法部门有过多次接触

IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2020.1863298

Tamarie M. Willis, Erin B. Comartin, G. Victor, Lester J. Kern, S. Kubiak

Abstract This exploratory study examined the impact of the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model on criminal/legal encounters and mental health treatment engagement for individuals who have repeated encounters with law enforcement (n = 53), comparing individuals with serious mental illness (SMI)-only to those with a co-occurring disorder. Law enforcement call reports, jail stays, and mental health treatment data were collected over three years from one Midwestern county where CIT was implemented. Cox regression hazard ratio results indicated the time to first mental health encounter after the implementation of CIT was quicker for those who were identified as having a co-occurring disorder. The next step in jail diversion involves training law enforcement on the identification and diversion of individuals with mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorder, along with creating more integrated systems of treatment.

摘要这项探索性研究考察了危机干预小组（CIT）模式对多次与执法部门（n = 53），将患有严重精神疾病（SMI）的人与患有合并障碍的人进行比较。执法电话报告、监禁和心理健康治疗数据是在三年多的时间里从实施CIT的中西部一个县收集的。Cox回归风险比结果表明，对于那些被确定为患有合并症的人来说，实施CIT后第一次遇到心理健康问题的时间更快。监狱转移的下一步包括培训执法人员识别和转移患有精神疾病和同时发生的药物使用障碍的个人，同时建立更综合的治疗系统。

引用次数: 4

Psychological acceptance, perceived locus of control, and abstention or desistence from delinquent behavior among at-risk adolescents 高危青少年的心理接受、控制源感知和对犯罪行为的戒除或抑制

IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2020.1827120

Ofer Zemel, Tomer Einat, Nati Ronel, Maya Ben-Aharon

Abstract This study examines processes of psychological acceptance and perceived locus of control among at-risk adolescents and analyzes their influence on the avoidance or cessation of delinquent activity. The findings reveal that this process of psychological acceptance helps the adolescents to reinterpret risk factors in their lives as challenges that can be faced positively and, consequently, avoid or cease delinquent behaviors. We conclude that this introspective process contributes to the development of an internal locus of control and thus to the adoption of normative behavior and that dramatic crises in life can occasionally offer at-risk adolescents opportunities for positive change.

摘要本研究考察了高危青少年的心理接受过程和感知控制源，并分析了它们对避免或停止犯罪活动的影响。研究结果表明，这种心理接受过程有助于青少年将生活中的风险因素重新解释为可以积极面对的挑战，从而避免或停止犯罪行为。我们得出的结论是，这种内省过程有助于形成内部控制点，从而有助于采取规范的行为，生活中的戏剧性危机偶尔会为处于风险中的青少年提供积极改变的机会。

引用次数: 3

Development of a testable logic model for community supervision home and field contacts 开发一个可测试的社区监督逻辑模型

IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2020.1827119

Holly Swan, W. Campbell, S. Karon, S. Jalbert

Abstract Field contacts are at the core of community supervision practice in nearly all community supervision agencies in the United States; however, the nature of field contacts varies widely across agencies. Without a standard definition, it is impossible to draw conclusions about the impact of field contacts on individual outcomes or public safety. Therefore, prior to conducting research to test the effectiveness of field contacts, it is critical to first establish an in-depth understanding of the nature and purpose of field work as part of community supervision and develop a theoretical framework for future testing. This study aimed to develop a logic model for community supervision field work by exploring and describing the nature and purpose of field contacts. We used qualitative methods of data collection including a field contact checklist completed by community supervision officers, focus groups with officers, and interviews with agency leaders, to unpack the various approaches to field work in two states and to identify patterns of reasoning behind the different approaches. The findings from this study can be used to design rigorous tests of field contact components on various outcomes in order to inform policymakers about the relative effectiveness of different approaches to field work.

摘要在美国几乎所有的社区监督机构中，实地接触是社区监督实践的核心；然而，各机构之间实地接触的性质差异很大。如果没有一个标准的定义，就不可能就实地接触对个人结果或公共安全的影响得出结论。因此，在进行研究以测试实地接触的有效性之前，至关重要的是首先深入了解实地工作的性质和目的，作为社区监督的一部分，并为未来的测试制定理论框架。本研究旨在通过探索和描述实地接触的性质和目的，建立社区监督实地工作的逻辑模型。我们使用了定性的数据收集方法，包括由社区监督官员完成的现场联系清单、与官员的焦点小组以及与机构领导人的访谈，来分析两个州的各种现场工作方法，并确定不同方法背后的推理模式。这项研究的结果可用于设计对各种结果的实地接触组成部分的严格测试，以使决策者了解不同实地工作方法的相对有效性。

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引用次数: 2

Designing and implementing an intervention for returning citizens living with substance use disorder: discovering the benefits of peer recovery coach involvement in pilot clinical trial decision-making. 设计和实施对有物质使用障碍的归国公民的干预:发现同伴康复教练参与试点临床试验决策的好处。

IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-01-11 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2020.1863301

Grant Victor, Emily Sightes, Dennis P Watson, Bradley Ray, Katie Bailey, Lisa Robision, Gina Fears, Rhiannon Edwards, Michelle Salyers

Peer-facilitated services in behavioral health care remain underutilized within criminal justice-involved community organizations, and there is little guidance for how to best involve peer workers in behavioral health-focused research activities. This paper described lessons learned regarding implementation of peer recovery coaches (PRCs) as part of development and pilot research on Substance Use Programming for Person-Oriented Recovery and Treatment (SUPPORT), a peer-facilitated substance use disorder (SUD) intervention for returning citizens. Qualitative data were collected from learning meetings with key stakeholders and group interviews with SUPPORT clinical trial participants and PRCs. Transcripts were analyzed to identify key decisions made impacting the development, implementation, and/or revision of the SUPPORT intervention and pilot clinical trial protocols. Analysis demonstrated that PRC involvement drove many of the decisions made regarding modifications to the original intervention and trial protocols, while benefitting client-level interactions and by influencing the non-profit agency and its connection to stakeholders. Moreover, PRCs improved the research design by refining the incentive structure and data collection plans. PRC involvement also contributed to the development of more recovery-oriented resources and catering support services to the unique needs of justice-involved individuals. Discussed were the implications for the role of PRCs in justice-involved behavioral health research and treatment.

在涉及刑事司法的社区组织中，行为卫生保健方面的同伴促进服务仍然没有得到充分利用，而且关于如何最好地让同伴工作者参与以行为卫生为重点的研究活动的指导很少。本文描述了关于实施同伴康复教练(prc)的经验教训，作为“面向个人的康复和治疗(支持)物质使用规划”的开发和试点研究的一部分，这是一项针对回归公民的同伴促进物质使用障碍(SUD)干预。定性数据收集自与关键利益相关者的学习会议以及与SUPPORT临床试验参与者和prc的小组访谈。对转录本进行分析，以确定影响SUPPORT干预和试点临床试验方案的发展、实施和/或修订的关键决策。分析表明，中国的参与推动了许多关于修改原始干预和试验方案的决定，同时有利于客户层面的互动，并影响了非营利机构及其与利益相关者的联系。此外，prc通过完善激励结构和数据收集计划来改进研究设计。中华人民共和国的参与也有助于开发更多以恢复为导向的资源，并为参与司法的个人的独特需要提供支助服务。讨论了prc在涉及正义的行为健康研究和治疗中的作用。

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引用次数: 11

Long-term follow-up of individuals under community supervision who refused rapid HIV testing. 对社区监督下拒绝快速艾滋病毒检测的个人进行长期随访。

IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2021.1931625

Thomas R Blue, Michael S Gordon, Erika L Crable, Josiah D Rich

Many criminal justice-involved persons on probation or parole do not receive HIV testing despite being at an increased risk for infection and transmission. Between April, 2011 and May, 2012 in Baltimore, MD and Providence, RI, a two-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in order to examine the uptake of on-site rapid HIV testing compared to off-site referral-based HIV testing at a community clinic. Adults under community supervision were recruited to complete baseline assessments and then offered optional, free rapid-HIV testing. Of the 1263 participants who completed baseline measures, 566 declined HIV testing prior to randomization to the on-site testing at the Probation/Parole office or referral to off-site testing in a community health clinic. Follow-up data from 50 individuals who declined HIV testing were collected from September 2016-June 2017 and are examined in the present study. We describe the long-term outcomes of these 50 individuals in terms of HIV testing, HIV status, and frequencies of drug and sex risk behaviors.

许多在缓刑或假释期间涉及刑事司法的人没有接受艾滋病毒检测，尽管他们感染和传播的风险增加了。2011年4月至2012年5月期间，在马里兰州巴尔的摩和罗德岛普罗维登斯进行了一项两组随机对照试验，目的是比较社区诊所现场快速艾滋病毒检测与非现场转诊艾滋病毒检测的接受情况。招募社区监督下的成年人完成基线评估，然后提供可选的免费快速艾滋病毒检测。在完成基线测量的1263名参与者中，566名在随机分配到缓刑/假释办公室进行现场检测或转介到社区卫生诊所进行非现场检测之前拒绝进行艾滋病毒检测。从2016年9月至2017年6月收集了50名拒绝艾滋病毒检测的人的随访数据，并在本研究中进行了检查。我们从HIV检测、HIV状态、药物和性危险行为的频率等方面描述了这50个人的长期结果。

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引用次数: 0

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