Journal of Offender Rehabilitation最新文献

英文中文

Effects of a correspondence-based educational program on prisoner loneliness, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms 书信教育计划对囚犯孤独、自尊和抑郁症状的影响

IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2020.1863300

Julie Coticchia, S. Putnam

Abstract This study investigated the effects of participation in a nonaccredited correspondence-based educational program on incarcerated students’ levels of loneliness, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. Participants included 238 active students and 169 waitlist students from 38 states. Results demonstrated that participation was associated with lower levels of loneliness and higher levels of self-esteem, but there were no effects of participation on depressive symptoms. These findings demonstrate significant effects of outside programming on inmate mental health, suggesting a valuable alternative to internal programs.

摘要本研究调查了参与非认证函授教育项目对监禁学生孤独感、自尊和抑郁症状水平的影响。参与者包括来自38个州的238名在校学生和169名候补学生。结果表明，参与与较低的孤独感和较高的自尊水平有关，但参与对抑郁症状没有影响。这些发现证明了外部项目对囚犯心理健康的显著影响，表明了内部项目的一个有价值的替代方案。

引用次数: 2

Work, support and solitude: prisoners’ desistance expectations and self-regulating strategies 工作、支持与孤独:囚犯的克制期望与自我调节策略

IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2020.1863299

Emma Villman

Abstract This article explores how prisoners plan to achieve desistance from crime. In many respects, prisoners have poor prospects upon their release. A prisoner’s chances of reintegration can be hindered by conditions such as structural barriers, lack of social support, and the after-effects of imprisonment. Using qualitative interviews with prisoners (N = 45) who were serving at open low-security prisons in Finland, this analysis demonstrates that the majority of the prisoners had optimistic expectations and devised concrete plans for desistance. To achieve this desired change, the prisoners intended to use three self-regulating strategies; to secure employment or another daily routine, to seek help from others, and to shift surroundings. Even if work, support, and solitude are viable strategies for achieving desistance from crime, this article recognizes the risk of these self-regulating strategies failing due to inherent uncertainties and weak implementation intentions.

摘要本文探讨了囚犯如何计划实现犯罪中止。在许多方面，囚犯获释后前景不佳。囚犯重返社会的机会可能会受到结构性障碍、缺乏社会支持和监禁后遗症等条件的阻碍。对囚犯进行定性访谈（N = 45），这项分析表明，大多数囚犯都有乐观的期望，并制定了具体的退出计划。为了实现这一期望的改变，囚犯们打算使用三种自我调节策略；确保工作或其他日常事务，寻求他人帮助，并改变周围环境。即使工作、支持和独处是摆脱犯罪的可行策略，本文也认识到，由于固有的不确定性和薄弱的实施意图，这些自我调节策略可能会失败。

引用次数: 6

Individuals with mental illness who have multiple encounters with law enforcement 有精神疾病的人与执法部门有过多次接触

IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2020.1863298

Tamarie M. Willis, Erin B. Comartin, G. Victor, Lester J. Kern, S. Kubiak

Abstract This exploratory study examined the impact of the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model on criminal/legal encounters and mental health treatment engagement for individuals who have repeated encounters with law enforcement (n = 53), comparing individuals with serious mental illness (SMI)-only to those with a co-occurring disorder. Law enforcement call reports, jail stays, and mental health treatment data were collected over three years from one Midwestern county where CIT was implemented. Cox regression hazard ratio results indicated the time to first mental health encounter after the implementation of CIT was quicker for those who were identified as having a co-occurring disorder. The next step in jail diversion involves training law enforcement on the identification and diversion of individuals with mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorder, along with creating more integrated systems of treatment.

摘要这项探索性研究考察了危机干预小组（CIT）模式对多次与执法部门（n = 53），将患有严重精神疾病（SMI）的人与患有合并障碍的人进行比较。执法电话报告、监禁和心理健康治疗数据是在三年多的时间里从实施CIT的中西部一个县收集的。Cox回归风险比结果表明，对于那些被确定为患有合并症的人来说，实施CIT后第一次遇到心理健康问题的时间更快。监狱转移的下一步包括培训执法人员识别和转移患有精神疾病和同时发生的药物使用障碍的个人，同时建立更综合的治疗系统。

引用次数: 4

Psychological acceptance, perceived locus of control, and abstention or desistence from delinquent behavior among at-risk adolescents 高危青少年的心理接受、控制源感知和对犯罪行为的戒除或抑制

IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2020.1827120

Ofer Zemel, Tomer Einat, Nati Ronel, Maya Ben-Aharon

Abstract This study examines processes of psychological acceptance and perceived locus of control among at-risk adolescents and analyzes their influence on the avoidance or cessation of delinquent activity. The findings reveal that this process of psychological acceptance helps the adolescents to reinterpret risk factors in their lives as challenges that can be faced positively and, consequently, avoid or cease delinquent behaviors. We conclude that this introspective process contributes to the development of an internal locus of control and thus to the adoption of normative behavior and that dramatic crises in life can occasionally offer at-risk adolescents opportunities for positive change.

摘要本研究考察了高危青少年的心理接受过程和感知控制源，并分析了它们对避免或停止犯罪活动的影响。研究结果表明，这种心理接受过程有助于青少年将生活中的风险因素重新解释为可以积极面对的挑战，从而避免或停止犯罪行为。我们得出的结论是，这种内省过程有助于形成内部控制点，从而有助于采取规范的行为，生活中的戏剧性危机偶尔会为处于风险中的青少年提供积极改变的机会。

引用次数: 3

Development of a testable logic model for community supervision home and field contacts 开发一个可测试的社区监督逻辑模型

IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2020.1827119

Holly Swan, W. Campbell, S. Karon, S. Jalbert

Abstract Field contacts are at the core of community supervision practice in nearly all community supervision agencies in the United States; however, the nature of field contacts varies widely across agencies. Without a standard definition, it is impossible to draw conclusions about the impact of field contacts on individual outcomes or public safety. Therefore, prior to conducting research to test the effectiveness of field contacts, it is critical to first establish an in-depth understanding of the nature and purpose of field work as part of community supervision and develop a theoretical framework for future testing. This study aimed to develop a logic model for community supervision field work by exploring and describing the nature and purpose of field contacts. We used qualitative methods of data collection including a field contact checklist completed by community supervision officers, focus groups with officers, and interviews with agency leaders, to unpack the various approaches to field work in two states and to identify patterns of reasoning behind the different approaches. The findings from this study can be used to design rigorous tests of field contact components on various outcomes in order to inform policymakers about the relative effectiveness of different approaches to field work.

摘要在美国几乎所有的社区监督机构中，实地接触是社区监督实践的核心；然而，各机构之间实地接触的性质差异很大。如果没有一个标准的定义，就不可能就实地接触对个人结果或公共安全的影响得出结论。因此，在进行研究以测试实地接触的有效性之前，至关重要的是首先深入了解实地工作的性质和目的，作为社区监督的一部分，并为未来的测试制定理论框架。本研究旨在通过探索和描述实地接触的性质和目的，建立社区监督实地工作的逻辑模型。我们使用了定性的数据收集方法，包括由社区监督官员完成的现场联系清单、与官员的焦点小组以及与机构领导人的访谈，来分析两个州的各种现场工作方法，并确定不同方法背后的推理模式。这项研究的结果可用于设计对各种结果的实地接触组成部分的严格测试，以使决策者了解不同实地工作方法的相对有效性。

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引用次数: 2

Designing and implementing an intervention for returning citizens living with substance use disorder: discovering the benefits of peer recovery coach involvement in pilot clinical trial decision-making. 设计和实施对有物质使用障碍的归国公民的干预:发现同伴康复教练参与试点临床试验决策的好处。

IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-01-11 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2020.1863301

Grant Victor, Emily Sightes, Dennis P Watson, Bradley Ray, Katie Bailey, Lisa Robision, Gina Fears, Rhiannon Edwards, Michelle Salyers

Peer-facilitated services in behavioral health care remain underutilized within criminal justice-involved community organizations, and there is little guidance for how to best involve peer workers in behavioral health-focused research activities. This paper described lessons learned regarding implementation of peer recovery coaches (PRCs) as part of development and pilot research on Substance Use Programming for Person-Oriented Recovery and Treatment (SUPPORT), a peer-facilitated substance use disorder (SUD) intervention for returning citizens. Qualitative data were collected from learning meetings with key stakeholders and group interviews with SUPPORT clinical trial participants and PRCs. Transcripts were analyzed to identify key decisions made impacting the development, implementation, and/or revision of the SUPPORT intervention and pilot clinical trial protocols. Analysis demonstrated that PRC involvement drove many of the decisions made regarding modifications to the original intervention and trial protocols, while benefitting client-level interactions and by influencing the non-profit agency and its connection to stakeholders. Moreover, PRCs improved the research design by refining the incentive structure and data collection plans. PRC involvement also contributed to the development of more recovery-oriented resources and catering support services to the unique needs of justice-involved individuals. Discussed were the implications for the role of PRCs in justice-involved behavioral health research and treatment.

在涉及刑事司法的社区组织中，行为卫生保健方面的同伴促进服务仍然没有得到充分利用，而且关于如何最好地让同伴工作者参与以行为卫生为重点的研究活动的指导很少。本文描述了关于实施同伴康复教练(prc)的经验教训，作为“面向个人的康复和治疗(支持)物质使用规划”的开发和试点研究的一部分，这是一项针对回归公民的同伴促进物质使用障碍(SUD)干预。定性数据收集自与关键利益相关者的学习会议以及与SUPPORT临床试验参与者和prc的小组访谈。对转录本进行分析，以确定影响SUPPORT干预和试点临床试验方案的发展、实施和/或修订的关键决策。分析表明，中国的参与推动了许多关于修改原始干预和试验方案的决定，同时有利于客户层面的互动，并影响了非营利机构及其与利益相关者的联系。此外，prc通过完善激励结构和数据收集计划来改进研究设计。中华人民共和国的参与也有助于开发更多以恢复为导向的资源，并为参与司法的个人的独特需要提供支助服务。讨论了prc在涉及正义的行为健康研究和治疗中的作用。

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引用次数: 11

Long-term follow-up of individuals under community supervision who refused rapid HIV testing. 对拒绝接受艾滋病毒快速检测的社区监管人员进行长期跟踪。

IF 1.1 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2021.1931625

Thomas R Blue, Michael S Gordon, Erika L Crable, Josiah D Rich

Many criminal justice-involved persons on probation or parole do not receive HIV testing despite being at an increased risk for infection and transmission. Between April, 2011 and May, 2012 in Baltimore, MD and Providence, RI, a two-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in order to examine the uptake of on-site rapid HIV testing compared to off-site referral-based HIV testing at a community clinic. Adults under community supervision were recruited to complete baseline assessments and then offered optional, free rapid-HIV testing. Of the 1263 participants who completed baseline measures, 566 declined HIV testing prior to randomization to the on-site testing at the Probation/Parole office or referral to off-site testing in a community health clinic. Follow-up data from 50 individuals who declined HIV testing were collected from September 2016-June 2017 and are examined in the present study. We describe the long-term outcomes of these 50 individuals in terms of HIV testing, HIV status, and frequencies of drug and sex risk behaviors.

许多处于缓刑或假释期的刑事司法人员并没有接受 HIV 检测，尽管他们的感染和传播风险较高。2011 年 4 月至 2012 年 5 月期间，我们在马里兰州巴尔的摩市和罗得岛州普罗维登斯市开展了一项两组随机对照试验，目的是考察在社区诊所进行现场快速 HIV 检测与非现场转介式 HIV 检测的对比情况。受社区监督的成年人被招募来完成基线评估，然后提供可选的免费 HIV 快速检测。在完成基线评估的 1263 名参与者中，有 566 人在随机接受缓刑/假释办公室的现场检测或转介到社区卫生诊所的非现场检测之前拒绝接受 HIV 检测。本研究从 2016 年 9 月至 2017 年 6 月收集了 50 名拒绝接受 HIV 检测者的后续数据，并对其进行了研究。我们描述了这 50 人在 HIV 检测、HIV 感染状况以及毒品和性风险行为频率方面的长期结果。

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引用次数: 0

When in doubt: the value of uncertainty for release success among incarcerated women 当有疑问时:不确定性对被监禁女性成功释放的价值

IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2020-10-08 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2020.1827121

Danielle L. Haverkate, Kevin A. Wright

Abstract Reentry can be complicated and daunting, yet people leaving prison tend to be overly optimistic about their capability to remain crime-free. This optimism could be good—where a hopeful mindset could be indicative of a prosocial future narrative. Or this optimism could be bad—where a naïve mindset could be indicative of a lack of preparation for the challenges ahead. Our goal is to explore the concept of perceived uncertainty for reentry success with a focus on how it may be useful in better preparing people to rejoin society. Using data from 200 women incarcerated in Arizona, we explore (1) the demographic characteristics that are associated with perceived uncertainty for reentry success and (2) the extent to which perceived uncertainty is associated with the identification of specific obstacles upon their release. Our findings suggest that most women are optimistic about their capability to stay out of prison, but that age, education, and custody level are associated with perceived uncertainty in this capability. Women with uncertainty are more likely to identify employment as a barrier that could bring them back to prison. We suggest that a focus on perceptions of uncertainty is critical for research and programming on prison reentry.

摘要重返监狱可能是复杂而令人生畏的，但离开监狱的人往往对自己保持无犯罪的能力过于乐观。这种乐观情绪可能是好的——充满希望的心态可能预示着未来的亲社会叙事。或者这种乐观情绪可能是糟糕的——天真的心态可能表明对未来的挑战缺乏准备。我们的目标是探索重返社会成功的感知不确定性概念，重点是它如何有助于人们更好地准备重返社会。利用来自亚利桑那州200名被监禁妇女的数据，我们探讨了（1）与重返社会成功的感知不确定性相关的人口统计学特征，以及（2）感知不确定性在多大程度上与释放后识别特定障碍相关。我们的研究结果表明，大多数女性对自己的出狱能力持乐观态度，但年龄、教育程度和监护水平与这种能力的不确定性有关。有不确定性的女性更有可能将就业视为可能将她们带回监狱的障碍。我们认为，关注对不确定性的感知对于重新进入监狱的研究和规划至关重要。

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引用次数: 1

Intervention and rehabilitation methods with offenders—from the Jewish scriptures to the criminological field 对罪犯的干预和改造方法——从犹太经典到犯罪学领域

IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2020-10-06 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2020.1827122

Y. Ben Yair

Abstract The ancient scriptures of world religions and spiritual traditions offer a treasure of knowledge, much of which is designed to guide the individual to a normative lifestyle through worldviews and practices that reduce antisocial behavior and promote prosocial behavior. Contemporary scholars tend to ignore that knowledge and its ability to contribute to social-scientific discourse and practice, despite the fact that most of the world’s population lives by it, at least to some extent. The present article addresses intervention and rehabilitation with offenders as part of a broader research project examining the ability of the Jewish scriptures to offer an alternative, universal criminological theory—spiritual Jewish criminology. The theory and its basic premises will be presented briefly as a theoretical foundation informing correctional rehabilitation practices, such as the repentance model, Jewish bibliotherapy, and humility as a counterbalance to criminal behavior. Although these practices are already implemented successfully in religious rehabilitation programs in Israel, further study is required in order to assess their effectiveness among other populations that are not Jewish or religious.

世界宗教和精神传统的古代经典提供了知识的宝藏，其中大部分旨在通过世界观和实践指导个人走向规范的生活方式，减少反社会行为，促进亲社会行为。当代学者倾向于忽视这种知识及其对社会科学论述和实践的贡献能力，尽管世界上大多数人至少在某种程度上依靠这种知识生活。本文讨论了对罪犯的干预和改造，作为一个更广泛的研究项目的一部分，该研究项目考察了犹太经文提供另一种普遍犯罪学理论——精神犹太犯罪学的能力。该理论及其基本前提将被简要介绍，作为教化康复实践的理论基础，如忏悔模式、犹太阅读疗法和谦卑作为对犯罪行为的平衡。虽然这些做法已经在以色列的宗教康复项目中成功实施，但为了评估它们在其他非犹太人或非宗教人群中的有效性，还需要进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 4

Mental health needs and coping resources of participants in a prostitution pre-sentencing court program 卖淫判刑前法庭项目参与者的心理健康需求和应对资源

IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2020.1808556

Tammy Schultz, S. S. Canning, Hannah Estabrook, P. Wong

Abstract There is an expanding number of prostitution problem-solving courts; however, empirical findings regarding the mental health needs of participants in these specialty courts are sparse. This study examines the mental health needs and coping resources of 33 participants in a prostitution pre-sentencing program. Levels of trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress, posttraumatic growth, and religious coping were compared to 60 participants in a prostitution problem-solving court. Both groups endorsed extensive trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress. Still, the pre-sentencing participant’s levels of posttraumatic growth and religious coping were substantial. Despite no group differences in trauma exposure or religious coping, pre-sentencing participants’ levels of posttraumatic stress were significantly higher and their posttraumatic growth significantly lower, than the problem-solving court participants. Moderation analysis showed the relation between posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth varied depending on whether participants were in the pre-sentencing or problem-solving court. Posttraumatic stress inversely predicted posttraumatic growth for pre-sentencing participants but not for problem-solving court counterparts. The divergence in the relationship between variables was greatest for participants with the highest posttraumatic stress. Research-guided assessments of mental health needs and coping resources can inform the recruitment of participants and the development and implementation of these programs.

摘要解决卖淫问题的法院数量不断增加；然而，关于这些专业法庭参与者心理健康需求的实证研究却很少。本研究调查了33名卖淫量刑前项目参与者的心理健康需求和应对资源。在解决卖淫问题的法庭上，将60名参与者的创伤暴露程度、创伤后压力、创伤后成长和宗教应对进行了比较。两组患者都赞同广泛的创伤暴露和创伤后应激。尽管如此，判刑前参与者的创伤后成长和宗教应对水平仍然很高。尽管在创伤暴露或宗教应对方面没有群体差异，但与解决问题的法庭参与者相比，判刑前参与者的创伤后压力水平显著更高，创伤后成长显著更低。适度分析显示，创伤后压力和创伤后成长之间的关系因参与者是在量刑前法庭还是在解决问题的法庭而不同。创伤后压力对判刑前参与者的创伤后成长有反向预测作用，但对解决问题的法庭参与者则没有。对于创伤后压力最高的参与者，变量之间关系的差异最大。以研究为导向的心理健康需求和应对资源评估可以为参与者的招募以及这些计划的制定和实施提供信息。

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