Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.1177/23326492231169248
Peggy Sue Carris
The U.S.–Mexico Border region is typified by enhanced immigration enforcement and legal violence, which are known to reduce the educational achievement of Latinx children and youth. Using data from the Stanford Education Data Archive, I compare math and reading test score disparities between White and Latinx students in public school districts in the four states along the U.S.–Mexico Border—California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas—with districts outside of the Border region. I find that reading and math test score disparities widen with proximity to the Border. Results indicate that educational and family-income differences between White and Latinx adults explain the disparity in math test scores. However, the reading test score disparity on the Border remains net of school and community factors, suggesting legal violence and immigration enforcement may be impacting Latinx youth and, therefore, increasing the size of the test score disparity. Finally, I find the test score disparities between the Border region and interior districts do not vary significantly in size across the four Border states.
{"title":"Reading, Writing, and Harassment: White–Latinx Test Score Disparities on the U.S.–Mexico Border","authors":"Peggy Sue Carris","doi":"10.1177/23326492231169248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23326492231169248","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S.–Mexico Border region is typified by enhanced immigration enforcement and legal violence, which are known to reduce the educational achievement of Latinx children and youth. Using data from the Stanford Education Data Archive, I compare math and reading test score disparities between White and Latinx students in public school districts in the four states along the U.S.–Mexico Border—California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas—with districts outside of the Border region. I find that reading and math test score disparities widen with proximity to the Border. Results indicate that educational and family-income differences between White and Latinx adults explain the disparity in math test scores. However, the reading test score disparity on the Border remains net of school and community factors, suggesting legal violence and immigration enforcement may be impacting Latinx youth and, therefore, increasing the size of the test score disparity. Finally, I find the test score disparities between the Border region and interior districts do not vary significantly in size across the four Border states.","PeriodicalId":46879,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Race and Ethnicity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44987636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.1177/23326492231168205
Ember McCoy
{"title":"Toxic Debt: An Environmental Justice History of Detroit and Tainted Tap: Flint’s Journey from Crisis to Recovery","authors":"Ember McCoy","doi":"10.1177/23326492231168205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23326492231168205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46879,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Race and Ethnicity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47702708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.1177/23326492231169249
Stephanie A. Dhuman
This study examines Puerto Rican-Black intergroup relations in Poinciana, Florida, a new immigrant destination in the suburban south led by the country’s largest homeowners association. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with 47 residents, I interrogate interpersonal relationships, feelings of belonging, and how residents’ lack of sociopolitical agency contribute to perceptions of intergroup relations. Past research evidences both coalition and tensions between Puerto Rican and Black co-residents, including shared marginalization experiences leading to increased coalition, or economic competition leading to contention. As migration to new immigrant destinations continues to rise, this study suggests minoritized groups may hold discordant conceptualizations of their relationship, what I refer to as “cultural contention.” While Puerto Ricans describe a shared sense of marginalization and unity with their Black neighbors, Black residents express concerns over displacement. With the precarious status of the community, there are few opportunities for residents to coalesce, and further fragmentation is possible.
{"title":"“Why Can’t We Have Some Kind of Unity?” Cultural Contention Amongst Puerto Rican and Black Residents in Southern Suburbia","authors":"Stephanie A. Dhuman","doi":"10.1177/23326492231169249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23326492231169249","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines Puerto Rican-Black intergroup relations in Poinciana, Florida, a new immigrant destination in the suburban south led by the country’s largest homeowners association. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with 47 residents, I interrogate interpersonal relationships, feelings of belonging, and how residents’ lack of sociopolitical agency contribute to perceptions of intergroup relations. Past research evidences both coalition and tensions between Puerto Rican and Black co-residents, including shared marginalization experiences leading to increased coalition, or economic competition leading to contention. As migration to new immigrant destinations continues to rise, this study suggests minoritized groups may hold discordant conceptualizations of their relationship, what I refer to as “cultural contention.” While Puerto Ricans describe a shared sense of marginalization and unity with their Black neighbors, Black residents express concerns over displacement. With the precarious status of the community, there are few opportunities for residents to coalesce, and further fragmentation is possible.","PeriodicalId":46879,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Race and Ethnicity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46971930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.1177/23326492231170533
Vernon Headley, Annie Jones, Shannon K. Carter
This article contributes to a movement to interrogate the history and foundation of sociology. The current hegemonic narrative credits a few European men for establishing sociology as a mechanism for using science to understand social conditions amid the rise of industrialization and modern capitalism. This hegemonic story defines positivism as a central concern in the foundation of the discipline, justifying its continued dominance in U.S. sociology and using binary logic to position non-positivist approaches as subordinate and unscientific. In this article, we explore the ways early Black sociologists integrated positivist and non-positivist approaches in their work to arrive at truth and discuss ways that transcending binary distinctions facilitated rich developments in their understanding of social relations and institutions. We draw on existing scholarship to argue that privileging binary logic helped justify these scholars’ marginalization in the sociological canon and conclude with recommendations to move the discipline beyond the positivism/non-positivism binary as an important mechanism for transformation. In so doing, we contribute to the growing body of scholarship aimed at correcting the history of sociology and reimagining the foundational works and epistemological approaches to foster liberation within the discipline.
{"title":"Beyond the Positivism/Non-Positivism Binary as a Step Toward Inclusive Sociology","authors":"Vernon Headley, Annie Jones, Shannon K. Carter","doi":"10.1177/23326492231170533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23326492231170533","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to a movement to interrogate the history and foundation of sociology. The current hegemonic narrative credits a few European men for establishing sociology as a mechanism for using science to understand social conditions amid the rise of industrialization and modern capitalism. This hegemonic story defines positivism as a central concern in the foundation of the discipline, justifying its continued dominance in U.S. sociology and using binary logic to position non-positivist approaches as subordinate and unscientific. In this article, we explore the ways early Black sociologists integrated positivist and non-positivist approaches in their work to arrive at truth and discuss ways that transcending binary distinctions facilitated rich developments in their understanding of social relations and institutions. We draw on existing scholarship to argue that privileging binary logic helped justify these scholars’ marginalization in the sociological canon and conclude with recommendations to move the discipline beyond the positivism/non-positivism binary as an important mechanism for transformation. In so doing, we contribute to the growing body of scholarship aimed at correcting the history of sociology and reimagining the foundational works and epistemological approaches to foster liberation within the discipline.","PeriodicalId":46879,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Race and Ethnicity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45653720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.1177/23326492231168194
Grace Cole
{"title":"Geek Girls: Inequality and Opportunity in Silicon Valley","authors":"Grace Cole","doi":"10.1177/23326492231168194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23326492231168194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46879,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Race and Ethnicity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43525442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.1177/23326492231168195
Sanchita Dasgupta
{"title":"Refusing Death: Immigrant Women and the Fight for Environmental Justice in LA","authors":"Sanchita Dasgupta","doi":"10.1177/23326492231168195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23326492231168195","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46879,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Race and Ethnicity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46350078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-22DOI: 10.1177/23326492231168203
August G. Smith
{"title":"Suspended: Punishment, Violence, and the Failure of School Safety","authors":"August G. Smith","doi":"10.1177/23326492231168203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23326492231168203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46879,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Race and Ethnicity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44862376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-22DOI: 10.1177/23326492231168204
J. Lee
{"title":"Brown and Gay in LA: The Lives of Immigrant Sons","authors":"J. Lee","doi":"10.1177/23326492231168204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23326492231168204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46879,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Race and Ethnicity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42939505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-22DOI: 10.1177/23326492231168202
Luis Flores
{"title":"Building Downtown Los Angeles: The Politics of Race and Place in Urban America","authors":"Luis Flores","doi":"10.1177/23326492231168202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23326492231168202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46879,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Race and Ethnicity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45390244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1177/23326492221120671
R. Williams
One legacy of the era of Black Lives Matter (BLM)—beginning around the murder of Trayvon Martin in 2012, but arguably, with President Obama’s 2008 election—has been the way it highlights and provides language to identify structural racism or racialized crises, including excessive force by the police, weakened immune systems from exposure to chronic stress, infrastructural deficits that cause lead poisoning in public water systems, and medical racism. In Birthing Black Mothers, Jennifer Nash argues that if Black men symbolize the dead body, often murdered by police, then Black mothers capaciously symbolize racialized crises. Their association with crises makes them worthy of suffering. This is a shift from Black mothers’ historical designations as deviant and pathological during slavery and within welfare discourse. Seemingly, the shift from being viewed derisively to being viewed empathetically and, thus, worthy of political support, would benefit Black mothers. However, as Nash makes clear through deft and structured analyses, this is not the case. A primary consequence is that Black mothers’ association with the pain and grief of ongoing crises converts them into political currency for U.S. Left politicians and progressive institutions, where the mere mention of the conditions endangering Black mothers stands in for policy change and actual investment. For instance, in her chapter on hospitals and politicians heralding unpaid and unregulated Black doulas as the answer against Black maternal and infant mortality, Nash asks “how the state’s embrace of doulas’ fugitive and paraprofessional practices might actually stand as evidence of the state’s deep divestment in Black maternal health?” (91). Nash interrogates how and why resilience and trauma are necessary to make Black mothers legible as political subjects, making the book excellent for Black feminist scholars working in other fields, political theorists, cultural theorists, politicians, and Black feminist practitioners. She does this by showing how Black mothers are discursively locked to the genre of crisis. Nash draws upon Lauren Berlant to unpack how crisis as a genre, and not a state of being, markets pain and loss that overtly and surreptitiously puts bodies out of time and place. The genre of crisis, then, is a “relational tactic” (12) in which temporality indexes relationality. For Nash, BLM has emphasized black mothers’ positions as (potential) carriers and caretakers of Black infants, and thus, “more life.” As carriers of Black children, Black mothers represent the out-of-reach future in ways that Black men cannot; thus, Black mothers can stand in for slain Black men murdered suddenly and index the long-durée of structural racism that breaks the body down at the molecular level. Nash concludes, then, that Black mothers are, perhaps, the most symbolic of BLM as they are tied to destitute presents and potentially destitute futures. She illustrates her point by arguing how Black women’s
“黑人的命也是命”（Black Lives Matter，BLM）时代的一个遗产是，它强调并提供了识别结构性种族主义或种族化危机的语言，包括警察过度使用武力、因长期压力而削弱的免疫系统、，导致公共供水系统铅中毒的基础设施赤字，以及医疗种族主义。詹妮弗·纳什（Jennifer Nash）在《出生的黑人母亲》（Birting Black Mothers）一书中认为，如果黑人男性象征着经常被警察谋杀的尸体，那么黑人母亲则有力地象征着种族化的危机。他们与危机的联系使他们值得遭受痛苦。这与黑人母亲在奴隶制时期和福利话语中被历史认定为离经叛道和病态不同。从表面上看，从被嘲笑到被同情的转变，因此值得政治支持，将有利于黑人母亲。然而，正如纳什通过巧妙和结构化的分析所表明的那样，情况并非如此。一个主要后果是，黑人母亲与持续危机的痛苦和悲伤的联系将其转化为美国左翼政客和进步机构的政治货币，在这些机构中，仅仅提及危及黑人母亲的条件就代表着政策的改变和实际投资。例如，在她关于医院和政客们宣称无薪和不受监管的黑人导盲犬是反对黑人孕产妇和婴儿死亡率的答案的一章中，纳什问道：“该州对导盲犬逃亡和非专业行为的接受，实际上如何证明该州对黑人孕产妇健康的深度撤资？”（91）。纳什质疑韧性和创伤是如何以及为什么有必要让黑人母亲成为清晰的政治主题，这使得这本书非常适合其他领域的黑人女权主义学者、政治理论家、文化理论家、政治家和黑人女权主义实践者。她通过展示黑人母亲如何被危机类型所束缚来做到这一点。纳什利用劳伦·贝兰特（Lauren Berlant）揭示了危机是如何作为一种类型而非一种存在状态来营销痛苦和损失的，这种痛苦和损失会让身体不合时宜。因此，危机的类型是一种“关系策略”（12），其中时间性表示关系性。对纳什来说，土地管理局强调了黑人母亲作为黑人婴儿的（潜在）携带者和照顾者的地位，从而强调了“更多的生命”。作为黑人儿童的携带者，黑人母亲以黑人男性无法做到的方式代表着遥不可及的未来；因此，黑人母亲可以代替突然被谋杀的黑人男性，并在分子水平上指出结构性种族主义的长期存在。纳什得出结论，黑人母亲可能是土地管理局最具象征意义的，因为她们与贫困的礼物和潜在的贫困未来息息相关。她通过争论黑人女性的乳房（通常被视为色情过度）如何与母乳联系在一起，成为“黑人生活的技术”来说明自己的观点。黑人导盲犬通常被视为古怪人的生育伴侣，现在被认为是重要的一线工作者，保护黑人母亲和婴儿免受药物“暴力”的侵害。纳什确实阐明了黑人女性对危机的不同定位，并没有将她们锁定在“悲伤、悲伤和哀悼”的“文化授权”影响之下（9）。纳什以书的后半部分为中心，通过一个她称之为“黑人母亲1120671 SREXXX10.1177/2326492221120671种族和民族社会学书评2022”的术语，关注了危机的时间、政治和美学需求
{"title":"Book Review: Birthing Black Mothers","authors":"R. Williams","doi":"10.1177/23326492221120671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23326492221120671","url":null,"abstract":"One legacy of the era of Black Lives Matter (BLM)—beginning around the murder of Trayvon Martin in 2012, but arguably, with President Obama’s 2008 election—has been the way it highlights and provides language to identify structural racism or racialized crises, including excessive force by the police, weakened immune systems from exposure to chronic stress, infrastructural deficits that cause lead poisoning in public water systems, and medical racism. In Birthing Black Mothers, Jennifer Nash argues that if Black men symbolize the dead body, often murdered by police, then Black mothers capaciously symbolize racialized crises. Their association with crises makes them worthy of suffering. This is a shift from Black mothers’ historical designations as deviant and pathological during slavery and within welfare discourse. Seemingly, the shift from being viewed derisively to being viewed empathetically and, thus, worthy of political support, would benefit Black mothers. However, as Nash makes clear through deft and structured analyses, this is not the case. A primary consequence is that Black mothers’ association with the pain and grief of ongoing crises converts them into political currency for U.S. Left politicians and progressive institutions, where the mere mention of the conditions endangering Black mothers stands in for policy change and actual investment. For instance, in her chapter on hospitals and politicians heralding unpaid and unregulated Black doulas as the answer against Black maternal and infant mortality, Nash asks “how the state’s embrace of doulas’ fugitive and paraprofessional practices might actually stand as evidence of the state’s deep divestment in Black maternal health?” (91). Nash interrogates how and why resilience and trauma are necessary to make Black mothers legible as political subjects, making the book excellent for Black feminist scholars working in other fields, political theorists, cultural theorists, politicians, and Black feminist practitioners. She does this by showing how Black mothers are discursively locked to the genre of crisis. Nash draws upon Lauren Berlant to unpack how crisis as a genre, and not a state of being, markets pain and loss that overtly and surreptitiously puts bodies out of time and place. The genre of crisis, then, is a “relational tactic” (12) in which temporality indexes relationality. For Nash, BLM has emphasized black mothers’ positions as (potential) carriers and caretakers of Black infants, and thus, “more life.” As carriers of Black children, Black mothers represent the out-of-reach future in ways that Black men cannot; thus, Black mothers can stand in for slain Black men murdered suddenly and index the long-durée of structural racism that breaks the body down at the molecular level. Nash concludes, then, that Black mothers are, perhaps, the most symbolic of BLM as they are tied to destitute presents and potentially destitute futures. She illustrates her point by arguing how Black women’s","PeriodicalId":46879,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Race and Ethnicity","volume":"9 1","pages":"236 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46610424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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