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The Mechanisms of Ethnoracialization and Asian American Support for Race-conscious Admissions 种族化的机制和亚裔美国人对种族意识录取的支持
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q2 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/23326492231193399
Ji-won Lee, W. Byrd
Recent studies on political attitude formations have developed the ethnoracialization framework, which emphasizes the roles of racial hierarchies and ethnic identities interconnected with national origins. However, existing research has not established analytical strategies to incorporate this framework, leaving a gap between theory and practice. We propose an alternative analytical model to examine ethnoracialized political attitudes using the case of Asian Americans’ support for race-conscious college admissions. Using data from the 2016 National Asian American Survey, our effect coding reveals how Asian Americans’ race-conscious admissions attitudes vary by ethnicity. Then, we investigate whether this variation can be attributed to theoretical predictors of such attitudes, including the mention of previously supportive Supreme Court decisions on race-conscious admissions, through regression modeling. Most ethnic groups’ mean support scores significantly vary from the grand mean of Asian Americans, and those gaps remain significant even after controlling for socioeconomic backgrounds and general predictors. As an exception, redistributionism accounted for some ethnic variations. Certain predictors such as individual experiences of the U.S. opportunity structure and the racial justice frame shaped overall race-conscious admissions attitudes but did not reduce ethnic variations. These findings highlight the need for increased attention to the analysis of ethnic communities when studying ethnoracialized political attitudes, as our current theories appear insufficient in explaining variations observed between ethnic groups. Thus, conducting research that explores the interplay between Asian Americans, racialization, and ethnic communities will provide a more comprehensive understanding of Asian Americans and potentially other ethnoracialized groups.
最近对政治态度形成的研究发展了民族种族化框架,该框架强调种族等级制度和与民族起源相关的民族身份的作用。然而,现有的研究还没有建立起纳入这一框架的分析策略,在理论和实践之间留下了差距。我们提出了一个替代分析模型,以亚裔美国人支持有种族意识的大学招生为例,考察种族化的政治态度。使用2016年全国亚裔美国人调查的数据,我们的效应编码揭示了亚裔美国人的种族意识录取态度如何因种族而异。然后,我们通过回归模型研究了这种变化是否可以归因于这种态度的理论预测因素,包括之前最高法院对种族意识录取的支持性裁决。大多数族裔群体的平均支持得分与亚裔美国人的总体平均得分有很大差异,即使在控制了社会经济背景和一般预测因素后,这些差距仍然很大。作为一个例外,再分配主义解释了一些种族差异。某些预测因素,如美国机会结构和种族正义框架的个人经历,塑造了整体的种族意识录取态度,但并没有减少种族差异。这些发现突出表明,在研究种族化的政治态度时,需要更多地关注对种族社区的分析,因为我们目前的理论似乎不足以解释观察到的种族群体之间的差异。因此,进行探索亚裔美国人、种族化和种族社区之间相互作用的研究,将对亚裔美国人和潜在的其他种族化群体有更全面的了解。
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引用次数: 0
“Racism Masked as Safety Concerns”: The Experiences of Residents of Color With Racialized Coveillance in a Predominantly White Neighborhood “被掩盖为安全问题的种族主义”:有色人种居民在白人占主导地位的社区中的种族主义行为
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q2 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/23326492231191496
Maria R. Lowe, Luis A. Romero, Madeline Carrola
Prior studies have focused on ways that White residents in predominantly White neighborhoods monitor their community for suspicious people and how these practices are racialized. However, only limited attention has been given to how residents of color in such neighborhoods experience these surveillance efforts. In this article, we explore how mostly White neighbors conduct on-the-ground monitoring of people of color in their daily lives, a process that we call “racialized coveillance.” Using data from neighborhood digital platforms, neighborhood materials, and 24 interviews with residents of color of an affluent, predominantly White community, we find that residents’ racialized coveillance sometimes misidentifies residents of color as suspicious outsiders. These efforts take the form of posts uploaded to the neighborhood’s social media sites, calls to the police, and in-person encounters. Such practices occur regularly and affect residents of color to varying degrees with Black male residents bearing the brunt of such efforts. As a result, we argue that racialized coveillance creates hostile territories for some residents of color in predominantly White neighborhoods, which contributes to the reproduction of these settings as White spaces.
之前的研究主要集中在白人社区的白人居民监控社区可疑人员的方式,以及这些做法是如何被种族化的。然而,对这些社区的有色人种居民如何经历这些监视努力的关注有限。在这篇文章中,我们探讨了大多数白人邻居是如何在日常生活中对有色人种进行现场监控的,我们称之为“种族化监控”。利用来自社区数字平台的数据、社区资料以及对一个富裕的、以白人为主的社区的24位有色人种居民的访谈,我们发现,居民的种族化监视有时会将有色人种居民误认为可疑的局外人。这些努力的形式包括将帖子上传到社区的社交媒体网站,打电话给警察,以及面对面的接触。这种做法经常发生,不同程度地影响着有色人种居民,黑人男性居民首当其冲。因此,我们认为,在以白人为主的社区中,种族化的监视为一些有色人种创造了敌对领土,这有助于将这些环境复制为白人空间。
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引用次数: 0
Ethno-Racial Stratification in the Refinanced Mortgage Market 再融资抵押贷款市场中的民族-种族分层
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q2 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/23326492231187309
J. Loya
The mortgage industry is a key component of ethno-racial stratification in wealth and homeownership. Previous research demonstrates that unequal treatment of minorities has created inequality in access and exclusion to low-cost mortgage loans in the housing market. While prior studies have documented the disadvantages Black and Latino home seekers face in obtaining a mortgage, these studies have not considered the obstacles that current homeowners face when seeking to refinance their mortgage. This study draws on annual data from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) from 2018 to 2019 to assess ethno-racial disparities in refinanced mortgage outcomes by loan purpose. I demonstrate that loan rejections and high-cost loans are highest among Black homeowners seeking to refinance their home, especially when trying to make home improvements or cashing-out equity from their home. In general, Asians and Latinos perform in between Whites and Blacks across mortgage outcomes and loan purpose. These trends are particularly true when examining adverse loan outcomes for applicants seeking a cash-out refinance. Implications for ethno-racial stratification and the wealth gap are discussed.
抵押贷款行业是财富和房屋所有权的种族分层的关键组成部分。先前的研究表明,对少数民族的不平等待遇造成了住房市场上获得低成本抵押贷款的不平等和被排斥。虽然先前的研究记录了黑人和拉丁裔寻求住房者在获得抵押贷款时面临的劣势,但这些研究没有考虑到当前房主在寻求抵押贷款再融资时面临的障碍。本研究利用2018年至2019年《住房抵押贷款披露法》(HMDA)的年度数据,按贷款目的评估再融资抵押贷款结果的种族差异。我证明,在寻求房屋再融资的黑人房主中,拒绝贷款和高成本贷款的比例最高,尤其是在试图改善房屋状况或将房屋净值套现时。总的来说,亚洲人和拉丁裔人在抵押贷款结果和贷款目的方面的表现介于白人和黑人之间。在审查寻求套现再融资的申请人的不良贷款结果时,这些趋势尤其真实。对民族-种族分层和贫富差距的影响进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 0
The State of Black Sociology: A Critical Reflection of Joyce Ladner’s The Death of white Sociology 黑人社会学的现状:对乔伊斯·拉德纳《白人社会学之死》的批判性反思
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q2 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/23326492231190629
Shawntae Mitchum, Jalia L. Joseph
On the fiftieth anniversary of Joyce Ladner’s The Death of white Sociology, we write this critical reflection to explore the discipline’s historical, often explicit oversight and investment in Whiteness. The historical roots of “mainstream”, white sociology are inundated with pathologization, dehumanization, and exclusion of Black people, the Black community, and Black scholarship. From graduate program training and conferencing to peer-review processes and the academic job market, Black sociologists are expected to center white hegemonic ideals of professionalism and academic rigor. We write this critical reflection exploring the edited volume’s implications for discussing anti-Blackness as well as the methodological and theoretical significance of Black sociology past and present. As Black sociologists and doctoral scholars, this reflection serves as a call to the discipline to grapple with texts such as The Death of white Sociology, the discomfort it may cause, and how the exclusion of such work directly harms the training and careers of Black graduate students.
在乔伊斯·拉德纳(Joyce Ladner)的《白人社会学之死》(the Death of white Sociology)出版五十周年之际,我们写下这篇批判性反思,以探索该学科对白人的历史性、往往是明确的监督和投资。“主流”白人社会学的历史根源充斥着对黑人、黑人社区和黑人学术的病态化、非人化和排斥。从研究生项目培训和会议到同行评审过程和学术就业市场,黑人社会学家被期望以白人职业主义和学术严谨的霸权理想为中心。我们写下这篇批判性反思,探讨编辑后的这本书对讨论反黑人的意义,以及黑人社会学过去和现在的方法论和理论意义。作为黑人社会学家和博士学者,这一反思呼吁该学科努力应对《白人社会学之死》等文本,它可能引起的不适,以及对此类工作的排斥如何直接损害黑人研究生的培训和职业生涯。
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引用次数: 0
The Culture Trap: Ethnic Expectations and Unequal Schooling for Black Youth 文化陷阱:种族期望与黑人青年的不平等教育
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q2 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/23326492231190631
Mercy Agyepong
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引用次数: 0
The Death of White Sociology and the Academic Awakening of a Ghetto Jew 白人社会学之死与一个犹太贫民区的学术觉醒
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q2 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/23326492231189794
G. Zwerman
Commemorating the 50th anniversary of Joyce Ladner’s ground-breaking text, this essay traverses the border between book review and autobiography. The narrative, written in the first person, begins in Brownsville, Brooklyn in the mid-1960s. The author is a third generation Eastern European Jew who was nurtured by Black activist elders and became a white beneficiary of the educational opportunities created by the civil rights and Black power movements. Her undergraduate path was paved with classics in Black Studies, critical theory and Marxism. But it was Ladner’s seminal text that catapulted her into pursuit of an academic career in sociology. Its opening salvo - that the history of all hitherto American mainstream sociology has been the history of White sociology -held the promise that the color curtain was about to fall and that this profession was about to become an exciting place. The anticipated excitement derived partly from the book’s revelations of the hidden spurious claims underlying the discipline, its scathing criticism of research methods rooted in unproven and racist theories of human nature, and damaging distortions of Black life masquerading as “scientific sociology.” But Ladner’s volume reaches beyond critique: it illuminates the rich history of Black scholarship so long ignored by the discipline’s white gate-keepers; it offers a vision of engaged research conducted by Black scholars and their allies that would begin to remedy the damage, erase the distortions, and fortify the current generation of Black scholars against the tribulations they face in the profession. In doing so the text gives life to the project of creating a distinctive Black sociology.
为了纪念乔伊斯·拉德纳开创性文本问世50周年,本文跨越了书评和自传之间的边界。故事以第一人称书写,始于20世纪60年代中期的布鲁克林布朗斯维尔。作者是第三代东欧犹太人,受到黑人活动家长老的培养,成为民权和黑人权力运动创造的教育机会的白人受益者。她的本科之路由黑人研究、批判理论和马克思主义的经典著作铺就。但正是拉德纳的开创性文本让她开始了社会学的学术生涯。它的开场白——迄今为止所有美国主流社会学的历史都是白人社会学的史——预示着彩幕即将落下,这个职业即将成为一个令人兴奋的地方。预期的兴奋部分源于这本书揭露了该学科背后隐藏的虚假主张,对植根于未经证实的人性种族主义理论的研究方法进行了严厉批评,以及伪装成“科学社会学”对黑人生活的破坏性扭曲。“但拉德纳的书超越了批判:它阐明了黑人学术的丰富历史,长期以来一直被该学科的白人守门员忽视;它提供了一个由黑人学者及其盟友进行的参与研究的愿景,这些研究将开始弥补损害,消除扭曲,并加强当代黑人学者在职业中面临的苦难。在这样做的过程中,文本赋予了创建一个独特的黑人社会学的项目生命。
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引用次数: 0
Formal Social Control and Mental Health: Ethnic Variation among Black Women 正式社会控制与心理健康:黑人妇女的种族差异
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q2 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/23326492231187294
Ryan D. Talbert, Evelyn J. Patterson
The present study uses elements of the social stress and intersectionality theories to examine associations between forms of criminal justice contact and mental health among African American and Afro-Caribbean women. While mass incarceration disproportionately targets, detains, and affects Black populations, the experiences and consequences of criminal justice contact for Black women remain understudied. Utilizing the National Survey of American Life ( n = 3,011), this study examined ethnic-stratified associations between criminal justice contact and three mental health indicators among Black women—psychological distress, self-rated mental health, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We assessed justice contact based on any contact (i.e., direct contact and/or family member incarceration), and then disaggregated contact into direct (i.e., personally experienced negative police interactions, arrests, and incarceration) and familial incarceration. Findings showed that any contact as well as direct forms of contact were associated with higher psychological distress for African American women and odds of PTSD for both groups. Furthermore, negative police interactions and family member incarceration were associated with psychological distress for African American women, while only familial incarceration worsened self-rated mental health for Afro-Caribbean women. This study yields important insights for research at the intersection of gender-ethnic status, spillover outcomes of formal social control, and mental health stratification.
本研究利用社会压力和交叉性理论的要素来研究非裔美国人和非裔加勒比妇女的刑事司法接触形式与心理健康之间的关系。虽然大规模监禁不成比例地针对、拘留和影响黑人人口,但黑人妇女接触刑事司法的经历和后果仍未得到充分研究。利用美国国家生活调查(n = 3011),本研究调查了黑人女性中刑事司法接触与三个心理健康指标——心理困扰、自评心理健康和创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)——之间的种族分层关联。我们根据任何接触(即直接接触和/或家庭成员监禁)评估司法接触,然后将接触分为直接接触(即个人经历负面的警察互动,逮捕和监禁)和家庭监禁。研究结果表明,任何形式的接触以及直接的接触都与非裔美国女性更高的心理压力和两组患创伤后应激障碍的几率有关。此外,消极的警察互动和家庭成员监禁与非洲裔美国妇女的心理困扰有关,而只有家庭监禁使非洲裔加勒比妇女的自评心理健康恶化。本研究为性别-种族地位、正式社会控制的溢出结果和心理健康分层的交叉研究提供了重要的见解。
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引用次数: 0
The Bricks before Brown: The Chinese American, Native American, and Mexican Americans’ Struggle for Educational Equality 布朗之前的砖块:华裔、美洲原住民和墨西哥裔美国人争取教育平等的斗争
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q2 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1177/23326492231189796
Trisha A. Douin, M. Gast, John R. Broadus
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引用次数: 0
What We Talk about When We Talk about Ethnicity: Hispanic Self-classification and Appraisal in an Online College Forum 当我们谈论种族时,我们在谈论什么:在线大学论坛中的西班牙裔自我分类和评价
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q2 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1177/23326492231187308
Tiffany J. Huang
Research has frequently remarked on the conceptual overlap of racial versus ethnic categories at the macro-level, as well as on individual-level inconsistencies across multiple dimensions of race. Less research has focused on the interpersonal negotiation of racial self-classification and identity claims-making, or on the norms that govern racial appraisal. This study uses a case at the boundaries of the Hispanic category to ask: what norms of self-classification and social appraisal do interlocuters draw on in their interpretation of ethnic categories? I answer this question using a unique dataset of posts from a college admissions forum, in which prospective applicants ask, “Am I Hispanic?” Findings reveal that ancestry forms the most rigid boundary, though interlocuters debate whether ancestry is biological or cultural. Cultural identity is also necessary, though more loosely defined. Specific, noninstitutionalized traits, such as phenotype, language, and surname, are considered neither necessary nor sufficient. Findings highlight the enduring primacy of ancestry and the importance of social appraisal in the college application context.
研究人员经常评论宏观层面上种族与族裔类别的概念重叠,以及种族多个维度上个人层面的不一致。较少的研究关注种族自我分类和身份主张的人际协商,或管理种族评价的规范。这项研究使用了一个西班牙裔类别边界的案例来问:对话者在解释种族类别时借鉴了什么样的自我分类和社会评价规范?我使用一个来自大学招生论坛的独特帖子数据集来回答这个问题,在该数据集中,潜在的申请者会问:“我是西班牙裔吗?”调查结果表明,祖先形成了最严格的界限,尽管对话者争论祖先是生物的还是文化的。文化认同也是必要的,尽管定义更为松散。特定的、非制度化的特征,如表型、语言和姓氏,被认为既不必要也不充分。研究结果强调了祖先的永恒重要性以及社会评价在大学申请中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
The Voucher Promise: “Section 8” and the Fate of an American Neighborhood 代金券的承诺:“第8节”和美国社区的命运
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q2 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1177/23326492231189795
Jeanne Kimpel
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Sociology of Race and Ethnicity
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