Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.1080/15299716.2022.2060892
Allison E. Cipriano, Daniela Nguyen, Kathryn J. Holland
Abstract The current study investigated how plurisexual women of varying identities conceptualize bisexuality. We conducted 25 semi-structured interviews women with attraction to more than one gender. Using thematic analysis, we identified three overarching themes: (1) definitions of bisexuality differ by one’s identity label, (2) concerns about sexual identity label inclusivity, and (3) outcomes of inclusivity concerns among women attracted to more than one gender. Non-bisexual women (i.e., pansexual, queer) defined bisexuality as limited to attraction to cisgender men and women and critiqued bisexuality as reinforcing the traditional gender binary. However, bisexual women defined bisexuality as attraction to two or more genders, described bisexuality as inclusive of attractions to all genders, and negative psychological outcomes as a result of the debate around bisexual gender inclusivity. Our findings suggest that sexual identity researchers might consider adopting the definition of bisexuality provided by bisexual women in this sample: attraction to more than one gender.
{"title":"“Bisexuality Isn’t Exclusionary”: A Qualitative Examination of Bisexual Definitions and Gender Inclusivity Concerns among Plurisexual Women","authors":"Allison E. Cipriano, Daniela Nguyen, Kathryn J. Holland","doi":"10.1080/15299716.2022.2060892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2022.2060892","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current study investigated how plurisexual women of varying identities conceptualize bisexuality. We conducted 25 semi-structured interviews women with attraction to more than one gender. Using thematic analysis, we identified three overarching themes: (1) definitions of bisexuality differ by one’s identity label, (2) concerns about sexual identity label inclusivity, and (3) outcomes of inclusivity concerns among women attracted to more than one gender. Non-bisexual women (i.e., pansexual, queer) defined bisexuality as limited to attraction to cisgender men and women and critiqued bisexuality as reinforcing the traditional gender binary. However, bisexual women defined bisexuality as attraction to two or more genders, described bisexuality as inclusive of attractions to all genders, and negative psychological outcomes as a result of the debate around bisexual gender inclusivity. Our findings suggest that sexual identity researchers might consider adopting the definition of bisexuality provided by bisexual women in this sample: attraction to more than one gender.","PeriodicalId":46888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bisexuality","volume":"22 1","pages":"557 - 579"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46796244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-07DOI: 10.1080/15299716.2022.2060891
Meredith G. F. Worthen
Abstract Historically, there has been a schism between lesbian and bisexual women that was largely embedded in the rigid rules of the 1970s lesbian feminist movement. Yet while the overt separatist tactics of lesbian feminism that once excluded bisexual women have largely faded away, the current study demonstrates continued evidence of fractures between L (lesbian) v. (B) bisexual women using data from a sample of U.S. adults aged 18-64 stratified by U.S. census categories of age, gender, race/ethnicity and census region collected from online panelists (lesbian women, n = 346; bisexual women, n = 358) and a partial test of Norm-Centered Stigma Theory (NCST) with an emphasis on feminist identity. Specifically, lesbian women’s negativity toward bisexual women (looking at measures of authenticity, unfaithfulness, and hypersexuality) is more pronounced than bisexual women’s negativity toward lesbian women; however, the findings demonstrate that today’s negativity toward bisexual women may not be embedded in feminism as it once was. In addition, the results suggest that feminism may mean something different to bisexual women in comparison to lesbian women (which perhaps may be related to differences in investments in queer activism). Overall, by using NCST’s theoretical framework that focuses on the intersecting roles of sexuality, gender, and feminist identity to investigate lesbian women’s stigma toward bisexual women and bisexual women’s stigma toward lesbian women, this research offers insight into working toward the ultimate goal of ameliorating these schisms.
{"title":"L v. B and Feminist Identity: Examining Lesbians’ Bi-Negativity and Bisexuals’ Lesbian Negativity Using Norm-Centered Stigma Theory","authors":"Meredith G. F. Worthen","doi":"10.1080/15299716.2022.2060891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2022.2060891","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Historically, there has been a schism between lesbian and bisexual women that was largely embedded in the rigid rules of the 1970s lesbian feminist movement. Yet while the overt separatist tactics of lesbian feminism that once excluded bisexual women have largely faded away, the current study demonstrates continued evidence of fractures between L (lesbian) v. (B) bisexual women using data from a sample of U.S. adults aged 18-64 stratified by U.S. census categories of age, gender, race/ethnicity and census region collected from online panelists (lesbian women, n = 346; bisexual women, n = 358) and a partial test of Norm-Centered Stigma Theory (NCST) with an emphasis on feminist identity. Specifically, lesbian women’s negativity toward bisexual women (looking at measures of authenticity, unfaithfulness, and hypersexuality) is more pronounced than bisexual women’s negativity toward lesbian women; however, the findings demonstrate that today’s negativity toward bisexual women may not be embedded in feminism as it once was. In addition, the results suggest that feminism may mean something different to bisexual women in comparison to lesbian women (which perhaps may be related to differences in investments in queer activism). Overall, by using NCST’s theoretical framework that focuses on the intersecting roles of sexuality, gender, and feminist identity to investigate lesbian women’s stigma toward bisexual women and bisexual women’s stigma toward lesbian women, this research offers insight into working toward the ultimate goal of ameliorating these schisms.","PeriodicalId":46888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bisexuality","volume":"22 1","pages":"429 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42200362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.1080/15299716.2021.1894010
I. Farajajé
{"title":"Starr King School Symposium 2012: Ibrahim Farajajé Opening Sermon (Excerpt)*","authors":"I. Farajajé","doi":"10.1080/15299716.2021.1894010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2021.1894010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bisexuality","volume":"22 1","pages":"295 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44993083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-04DOI: 10.1080/15299716.2021.1894005
K. Young, I. Farajajé
Kathleen Young: Welcome to another podcast of Starr King School for the Ministry, educating Unitarian Universalist ministers and progressive religious leaders since 1904, in Berkeley, California. In this podcast of the September 5th lecture, “Andalusia and Beyond,” Dr. Ibrahim Farajaj e introduces his recent research on the historical and theological intersections of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. In looking at Andalusia, Spain, for a multireligious dialogue, Dr. Farajaj e presents the need for an intersectional approach rather than a comparative approach for these religions, interrogating the complexity of how religious traditions inform each other, opens new possibilities into a pluralistic theological education. Dr. Farajaj e is Starr King Professor of Cultural Studies, of Religion, and Islamic Studies, and serves as director of Starr King’s Luce Project of Multireligious and Theological Education. Ibrahim Farajaj e: I would like, in respect for everybody’s time, to begin now. And we’ll begin with the recitation of the Surah al-Fatiha, the Opening, with which we begin every act, and I ask you, for those who are willing and able to rise for the recitation of the Fatiha. [Chanting of the Fatiha] I’m going to introduce myself. I am Professor Doctor Ibrahim Farajaj e, and I’m a professor of Islamic Studies and Cultural Studies here at Starr King. I am also associate faculty to the Center for Islamic Studies and I’m on the faculty for the Cultural and Historical Studies of Religions at the GTU. So I’m not only a client; I actually belong to the club as well. My title for this evening is “Andalusia and Beyond: Interrupting Epistemologies of Surprise.” A party for Starr King Theological Studies Luce Project, for Multireligious theological education. And, a warning, a warning, this is not for the faint of heart. We’re going to rock it. Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim, In the name of Allah, the tenderly compassionate, and the infinitely merciful one. We ask permission of the people
{"title":"Andalusia and Beyond*","authors":"K. Young, I. Farajajé","doi":"10.1080/15299716.2021.1894005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2021.1894005","url":null,"abstract":"Kathleen Young: Welcome to another podcast of Starr King School for the Ministry, educating Unitarian Universalist ministers and progressive religious leaders since 1904, in Berkeley, California. In this podcast of the September 5th lecture, “Andalusia and Beyond,” Dr. Ibrahim Farajaj e introduces his recent research on the historical and theological intersections of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. In looking at Andalusia, Spain, for a multireligious dialogue, Dr. Farajaj e presents the need for an intersectional approach rather than a comparative approach for these religions, interrogating the complexity of how religious traditions inform each other, opens new possibilities into a pluralistic theological education. Dr. Farajaj e is Starr King Professor of Cultural Studies, of Religion, and Islamic Studies, and serves as director of Starr King’s Luce Project of Multireligious and Theological Education. Ibrahim Farajaj e: I would like, in respect for everybody’s time, to begin now. And we’ll begin with the recitation of the Surah al-Fatiha, the Opening, with which we begin every act, and I ask you, for those who are willing and able to rise for the recitation of the Fatiha. [Chanting of the Fatiha] I’m going to introduce myself. I am Professor Doctor Ibrahim Farajaj e, and I’m a professor of Islamic Studies and Cultural Studies here at Starr King. I am also associate faculty to the Center for Islamic Studies and I’m on the faculty for the Cultural and Historical Studies of Religions at the GTU. So I’m not only a client; I actually belong to the club as well. My title for this evening is “Andalusia and Beyond: Interrupting Epistemologies of Surprise.” A party for Starr King Theological Studies Luce Project, for Multireligious theological education. And, a warning, a warning, this is not for the faint of heart. We’re going to rock it. Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim, In the name of Allah, the tenderly compassionate, and the infinitely merciful one. We ask permission of the people","PeriodicalId":46888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bisexuality","volume":"22 1","pages":"218 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59945729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-04DOI: 10.1080/15299716.2021.1894011
Alma Faith Crawford, I. Farajajé
{"title":"Forum II - Affirming Diversity: Promise and Challenge*","authors":"Alma Faith Crawford, I. Farajajé","doi":"10.1080/15299716.2021.1894011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2021.1894011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bisexuality","volume":"22 1","pages":"268 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45847617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1080/15299716.2021.1970900
I. Farajajé
Abstract In this autoethnographic speech to a gathering of the Liberal Religious Educators Association (LREDA), the author offers a philosophical foundation for a decolonial, queer, and intersexional approach to religious and thea/ological education. The author draws about Black queer cultural production, Black feminist thought, decolonial discourses from around the world, historical analysis, biblicalexegesis, and radical religious thought to critique the division between religious education and theological education and formulate a philosophy of liberatory religious education.
{"title":"Queer(y)ing Religious Education:Teaching the R(evolutionary) S(ub)Versions) or Relax! … It’s Just Religious Ed*","authors":"I. Farajajé","doi":"10.1080/15299716.2021.1970900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2021.1970900","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this autoethnographic speech to a gathering of the Liberal Religious Educators Association (LREDA), the author offers a philosophical foundation for a decolonial, queer, and intersexional approach to religious and thea/ological education. The author draws about Black queer cultural production, Black feminist thought, decolonial discourses from around the world, historical analysis, biblicalexegesis, and radical religious thought to critique the division between religious education and theological education and formulate a philosophy of liberatory religious education.","PeriodicalId":46888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bisexuality","volume":"22 1","pages":"312 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46017298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1080/15299716.2022.2028210
Rachel Chickerella, S. Horne
Abstract Although bisexual individuals have higher rates of mental health concerns than their lesbian and gay counterparts, and higher rates of unsafe sex practices and substance use (Feinstein & Dyar, 2017; Gonzalez et al., 2017; Green & Feinstein, 2012), bisexual men, in particular, remain an under-researched population (Feinstein & Dyar, 2017; Schrimshaw et al., 2018). Such health disparities have been tied to internalized biphobia and masculinity concerns (Mackenzie, 2019; Schrimshaw et al., 2013). Further, bisexual men of color experience marginalization related to race and ethnicity as well as sexual orientation, which can negatively impact health (Arnold et al., 2017; Muñoz-Laboy et al., 2018). Utilizing Google Scholar, Pubmed and Psychinfo, 180 articles that included variations of the terms bisexual men (see methods for details) were identified from the past five years. Articles that did not meet inclusion criteria (e.g. were not focused exclusively on bisexual men, comprised of non-U.S. samples, or were non-empirical) were filtered out, resulting in 33 articles in the final sample. The final articles were qualitatively analyzed through a thematic analysis of the article’s keywords. The 33 articles included in the final review included themes that largely fit into the framework of minority stress (Meyer, 2003) when interpreted thematically by the reviewers. The two main categories of the findings included sexual health and identity concerns for bisexual men. In the last five years, only fourteen articles were focused on aspects of experience outside of the scope of sexual health. Sexual health continues to be a primary focus of research with bisexual men. Bisexual men are more than their sexual health; it would be beneficial to know about a broad spectrum of their experiences, including resiliency in the face of stigma, relational and family dynamics, and navigation of work and other dimensions.
{"title":"Sexual Health, but What Else? A Critical Review of the Literature Focused on Bisexual Men in the United States","authors":"Rachel Chickerella, S. Horne","doi":"10.1080/15299716.2022.2028210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2022.2028210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although bisexual individuals have higher rates of mental health concerns than their lesbian and gay counterparts, and higher rates of unsafe sex practices and substance use (Feinstein & Dyar, 2017; Gonzalez et al., 2017; Green & Feinstein, 2012), bisexual men, in particular, remain an under-researched population (Feinstein & Dyar, 2017; Schrimshaw et al., 2018). Such health disparities have been tied to internalized biphobia and masculinity concerns (Mackenzie, 2019; Schrimshaw et al., 2013). Further, bisexual men of color experience marginalization related to race and ethnicity as well as sexual orientation, which can negatively impact health (Arnold et al., 2017; Muñoz-Laboy et al., 2018). Utilizing Google Scholar, Pubmed and Psychinfo, 180 articles that included variations of the terms bisexual men (see methods for details) were identified from the past five years. Articles that did not meet inclusion criteria (e.g. were not focused exclusively on bisexual men, comprised of non-U.S. samples, or were non-empirical) were filtered out, resulting in 33 articles in the final sample. The final articles were qualitatively analyzed through a thematic analysis of the article’s keywords. The 33 articles included in the final review included themes that largely fit into the framework of minority stress (Meyer, 2003) when interpreted thematically by the reviewers. The two main categories of the findings included sexual health and identity concerns for bisexual men. In the last five years, only fourteen articles were focused on aspects of experience outside of the scope of sexual health. Sexual health continues to be a primary focus of research with bisexual men. Bisexual men are more than their sexual health; it would be beneficial to know about a broad spectrum of their experiences, including resiliency in the face of stigma, relational and family dynamics, and navigation of work and other dimensions.","PeriodicalId":46888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bisexuality","volume":"22 1","pages":"30 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42978896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-22DOI: 10.1080/15299716.2022.2045243
Hannah McCann
Abstract This paper both revisits and productively draws on Judith Butler’s theory of sexuality offered in Gender Trouble, to consider how this foundational queer theory text inadvertently works to contain and bracket plurisexualities such as bisexuality. I consider how Butler at once rejects the idea of originary bisexuality provoked by psychoanalytic discourse on polymorphous perversity yet subsumes bisexual oppression into that of homosexuality. I interrogate Butler’s monosexual presumptions to extend their notion of the heterosexual matrix to account for an operational hetero/homo binary that both excludes plurisexuality as its Other and obscures this exclusion. Following this theoretical line, I consider how the asymmetric hetero/homo binary has been coded along the lines of comedy/tragedy in culture, and in contrast how bisexuality and other plurisexualities are often rendered impossible. I suggest that plurisexualities, representing a refusal to refuse the originary prohibition, “haunt” both straight and queer contexts alike.
{"title":"The Refusal to Refuse: Bisexuality Trouble and the Hegemony of Monosexuality","authors":"Hannah McCann","doi":"10.1080/15299716.2022.2045243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2022.2045243","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper both revisits and productively draws on Judith Butler’s theory of sexuality offered in Gender Trouble, to consider how this foundational queer theory text inadvertently works to contain and bracket plurisexualities such as bisexuality. I consider how Butler at once rejects the idea of originary bisexuality provoked by psychoanalytic discourse on polymorphous perversity yet subsumes bisexual oppression into that of homosexuality. I interrogate Butler’s monosexual presumptions to extend their notion of the heterosexual matrix to account for an operational hetero/homo binary that both excludes plurisexuality as its Other and obscures this exclusion. Following this theoretical line, I consider how the asymmetric hetero/homo binary has been coded along the lines of comedy/tragedy in culture, and in contrast how bisexuality and other plurisexualities are often rendered impossible. I suggest that plurisexualities, representing a refusal to refuse the originary prohibition, “haunt” both straight and queer contexts alike.","PeriodicalId":46888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bisexuality","volume":"22 1","pages":"71 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47604444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/15299716.2022.2044959
Amanda A Arcieri, Lacey Rose DeLucia
Abstract Prejudice toward bisexual and transgender individuals is motivated in part by unique (yet similar) negative stereotypes and cognitive rigidity (Huffaker & Kwon, 2016). The current research aimed to create a scale to measure bisexual and transgender prejudice on the basis of two aspects of cognitive rigidity—ambiguity intolerance and essentialist beliefs. In Study 1, scale items were generated from open-ended responses. Study two quantitively tested these items with exploratory factor analyses. In Study 3, we cross-validated our new scale with existing scales of bisexual and transgender prejudice. In Study 4, we cross-validated our scale with a measure of intolerance of ambiguity and a measure of essentialist beliefs. Future research will benefit by developing prejudice reduction strategies that specifically target those who have higher ambiguity intolerance and essentialist beliefs about bisexual and transgender individuals.
{"title":"Development of a Scale of Prejudice toward Bisexual and Transgender Individuals on the Basis of Ambiguity Intolerance","authors":"Amanda A Arcieri, Lacey Rose DeLucia","doi":"10.1080/15299716.2022.2044959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2022.2044959","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Prejudice toward bisexual and transgender individuals is motivated in part by unique (yet similar) negative stereotypes and cognitive rigidity (Huffaker & Kwon, 2016). The current research aimed to create a scale to measure bisexual and transgender prejudice on the basis of two aspects of cognitive rigidity—ambiguity intolerance and essentialist beliefs. In Study 1, scale items were generated from open-ended responses. Study two quantitively tested these items with exploratory factor analyses. In Study 3, we cross-validated our new scale with existing scales of bisexual and transgender prejudice. In Study 4, we cross-validated our scale with a measure of intolerance of ambiguity and a measure of essentialist beliefs. Future research will benefit by developing prejudice reduction strategies that specifically target those who have higher ambiguity intolerance and essentialist beliefs about bisexual and transgender individuals.","PeriodicalId":46888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bisexuality","volume":"22 1","pages":"1 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44995167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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