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Time after death: Material afterlives in the work of estate administration 死后时间:不动产管理工作中的物质来世
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221132187
Sofia Pinedo-Padoch
When someone dies without a will and with no close family willing to administer their estate in New York City and other large US cities, the Public Administrator (PA), a small state agency, steps in to take care of the deceased's estate. Because the subject of the PA's work—the deceased—is no longer present, the office relies on things—objects, homes, money, and documents—as legal markers of identity. The afterlife of a person, therefore, is a distinctly material afterlife. Though death may signify an end, it is in fact the beginning of a different kind of time that is orchestrated in stops and starts by the work of the law, people, and material objects. The ethnographic stories told in this essay demonstrate how two temporal categories—the legal and extralegal—come up against each other in tense and uncanny ways, and how this convergence of legal and extralegal temporalities produces the distinctive material afterlives of the dead.
在纽约市和美国其他大城市,当有人去世时没有留下遗嘱,也没有近亲愿意管理他们的遗产时,公共行政官(PA),一个小的州机构,就会介入处理死者的遗产。因为私人助理的工作对象——死者——不再存在,办公室依靠物品、房屋、金钱和文件——作为身份的法律标记。因此,一个人的死后,是一个明显的物质死后。虽然死亡可能意味着结束,但它实际上是另一种时间的开始,这种时间是由法律、人类和物质物体的作用在停止和开始中精心编排的。这篇文章中讲述的民族志故事展示了两个时间范畴——合法的和法外的——是如何以紧张而神秘的方式相互冲突的,以及这种合法和法外的时间的融合是如何产生死者来生的独特物质的。
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引用次数: 0
Care in the air? Atmospheres of care in Swedish pharmacies 空气中的忧虑?瑞典药房的护理氛围
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221133289
R. Liu
This article builds upon literature on materialities of care and departs from a relational view of care and place. Using the concept of atmosphere, it investigates how care practices are situated spatially and temporally in pharmacies. In many countries, pharmacies are viewed as an important sector in formal healthcare systems. Rarely discussed in pharmacy literature is the affective and embodied aspect of care and care services. Drawing on an ethnographic study of Swedish pharmacies, I demonstrate that pharmaceutical care services are more than filling prescriptions and giving medical advice. Senses of care are partly accomplished through pharmacy staff's routinized and embodied engagement with the material environment. They also are performed through staff's tacit reading of customers. This article argues for an alternative understanding of care than an institutionally scripted one.
这篇文章建立在文献的物质关怀,并从关系的角度出发,照顾和地方。利用大气的概念,它调查了护理实践如何在空间和时间上位于药房。在许多国家,药房被视为正规卫生保健系统中的一个重要部门。在药学文献中很少讨论护理和护理服务的情感和体现方面。根据瑞典药房的人种学研究,我证明了药学服务不仅仅是开处方和提供医疗建议。护理意识部分是通过药房工作人员与物质环境的常规化和具体化的接触来实现的。他们也通过员工对客户的默契阅读来执行。本文主张对护理的另一种理解,而不是照本宣科。
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引用次数: 1
Trauma remains: The material afterlives of the 1989 Alton school bus crash 创伤仍然存在:1989年奥尔顿校车相撞事故的物质后遗症
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221132200
R. Bednar
This is an essay about how the material remains of automobile crashes remain in place to give road trauma a performative dimension through material objects. The paper draws on two decades of fieldwork on multiple roadside shrines throughout the American Southwest, but focuses on the site of the 1989 Alton school bus crash, which claimed the lives of 21 junior high and high school students in Alton, Texas, a small town on the border between Texas and Mexico. My analysis focuses on the way the trauma of the crash lives on in the materiality of the site—how it is structured visually, materially, and spatially at the shrine, but also how it is situated in relation to the adjacent intersection, guardrails, and fence, as well as the quarry and city park below. I argue that the shrine ensures not only that lost bodies receive a material afterlife in the form of a commemorative memorial, but also that the trauma of losing those lost bodies takes on a material afterlife in the structure of the site as well. By integrating both of these sets of material afterlives, the shrine becomes capable of translating Alton's collective trauma to a much broader collective made up not only of subsequent generations of Alton residents, but also of anonymous non-residents, forming a vast trauma collective that is stretched across time but always anchored to the materiality of the site.
这是一篇关于车祸的物质残骸是如何通过实物赋予道路创伤表演维度的文章。这篇论文借鉴了20年来对美国西南部多个路边圣地的实地调查,但重点关注1989年奥尔顿校车相撞事故的现场,该事故在得克萨斯州奥尔顿造成21名初中生和高中生死亡,奥尔顿是得克萨斯州和墨西哥边境的一个小镇。我的分析集中在事故创伤在现场物质性方面的表现——它在圣地的视觉、物质和空间结构,以及它与相邻十字路口、护栏和围栏以及下面的采石场和城市公园的关系。我认为,靖国神社不仅确保了失去的尸体以纪念馆的形式得到物质上的来生,而且确保了失去这些失去的尸体的创伤在遗址的结构中也具有物质上的后生。通过整合这两组物质的后遗症,神殿能够将奥尔顿的集体创伤转化为一个更广泛的集体,不仅由奥尔顿的后代居民组成,还由匿名的非居民组成,形成一个跨越时间的巨大创伤集体,但始终锚定在遗址的物质性上。
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引用次数: 0
The dead wait: Material afterlives in sepulchral spaces 死亡的等待:坟墓空间中的物质后遗症
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221132378
Jeremy F. Walton
This essay examines the heterotopic and heterochronic material afterlives of cemeteries through a comparative focus on two cities of the dead: Zagreb's Mirogoj Cemetery, which was established during the late 19th century, and Thessaloniki's Zeitenlik World War I Military Cemetery, which entombs Allied victims from the Salonika Front. My principal aim is to highlight the contrasts and contradictions between nationalized collective memories and unsettling imperial legacies that define the material afterlives of each of these cemeteries. In Mirogoj, material afterlives take shape as a palimpsest of eras, only some of which are monumentalized as collective memories. In Zeitenlik, the material afterlife of a single event of death-dealing, the Great War, constitutes an archive of bygone imperial socialities that defy the homogenizing logics of national identity in the present.
本文通过对两座死者城市的比较研究,考察了墓地的异时和异时材料的后世:萨格勒布的米罗戈吉公墓(建于19世纪末)和塞萨洛尼基的泽滕里克第一次世界大战军事公墓(埋葬萨洛尼卡前线的盟军受害者)。我的主要目的是强调国有化的集体记忆和令人不安的帝国遗产之间的对比和矛盾,这些遗产定义了每个墓地的物质遗产。在Mirogoj,物质的余生形成了时代的重写本,只有其中一些被纪念为集体记忆。在Zeitenlik中,一场死亡交易事件——大战——的物质来生构成了过去帝国社会的档案,这些社会挑战了当今国家身份的同质化逻辑。
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引用次数: 1
Local fashion, global imagination: Agency, identity, and aspiration in the diasporic Hmong community 当地时尚,全球想象力:散居苗族社区的代理,身份和抱负
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221125113
Tian Shi
Dress has been used as a visual avowal of social status, personality, personal taste, identity, and philosophy throughout history. This article aims to assess the changing dress practices and understand the meaning of ethnic dress in the diasporic community in a super-connected era. This article examines the cultural–historical contexts that contribute to dress practices at the macro level and individuals’ perceptions at the micro level. This article demonstrates how the Hmong experience can contribute to the knowledge of dress as a vehicle of agency, identity, and aspiration in fashion and material culture studies. In doing so, this article provides new insights into a growing area of research by exploring the emotionality of materials in terms of how imagination and aspiration of ethnicity are inscribed in and ascribed to dress and clothing in diasporic groups.
纵观历史,服装一直被用作社会地位、个性、个人品味、身份和哲学的视觉宣言。本文旨在评估服装实践的变化,并理解在超连接时代的流散社区中民族服装的意义。本文考察了文化历史背景,这些文化历史背景在宏观层面上影响着着装习惯,在微观层面上影响着个人的观念。这篇文章展示了苗族人的经历如何有助于在时尚和物质文化研究中将服装作为代理、身份和抱负的载体。在此过程中,本文通过探索材料的情感,探讨种族的想象力和愿望是如何在散居群体的服装和服装中被记录和赋予的,从而为一个不断发展的研究领域提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Anthropological face casts: Towards an ethical processing of their histories and difficult legacies of intimacy and ambiguity 人类学的面孔塑造:对他们的历史和亲密关系和模糊性的艰难遗产进行伦理处理
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221123995
Gwyneira Isaac, S. Colebank
Anthropologically informed plaster face casts were created and collected in the 19th and 20th centuries as part of an effort to develop human typologies, and to acquire data on what were perceived to be the morphological attributes of race. Their subsequent affective, politically sensitive, promiscuously mobile, and precarious qualities have resulted in them occupying highly charged territories within collections, as well as between museums and descendant communities. They are objects with inherent ambiguities due to how they exist at the intersections of art and science, merging individual, cultural, political, and colonialized bodies. Casts also provide tangible traces of unwanted physical intimacy resulting from how colonized peoples often had no choice in being cast or handled by strangers. In recent years, however, they have also been used by descendent communities as memorials of family members. This article explores this potent intersection of ambiguity and intimacy that these casts occupy, arguing for ethical protocol for their treatment that acknowledges their history, colonial contexts, and the processes behind their creation, as well as their current re-socialization through renewed relationships with descendant communities.
19世纪和20世纪,作为开发人类类型学和获取被认为是种族形态特征的数据的努力的一部分,人们制作并收集了具有人类学知识的石膏面部模型。他们随后的情感、政治敏感性、混杂的流动性和不稳定的品质导致他们在藏品中以及博物馆和后代社区之间占据了高度活跃的领地。它们是具有内在模糊性的物体,因为它们是如何存在于艺术和科学的交叉点,融合了个人、文化、政治和殖民主义的身体。铸件还提供了不必要的身体亲密感的有形痕迹,这是因为殖民地人民在被陌生人铸造或处理时往往别无选择。然而,近年来,它们也被后代社区用作家庭成员的纪念物。这篇文章探讨了这些演员所占据的模糊性和亲密性的有力交叉点,为他们的治疗提出了伦理协议,承认他们的历史、殖民背景和创造背后的过程,以及他们目前通过与后代社区的新关系重新社会化。
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引用次数: 0
Learning from the secondary: Rethinking architectural conservation through ‘barn architecture’ 从中学中学习:通过“谷仓建筑”重新思考建筑保护
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221123953
Iida Kalakoski, Sigrun Thorgrimsdottir
This article explores material culture and peoples’ engagement with built environments from the perspective of vernacular architecture, adaptive reuse and more specifically barn-inspired architecture. Departing from actual cases of conversions that involve material reuse and initiate a correspondence between various more-than-human actors and temporal dimensions, we join the debate around sustainable architecture. We understand sustainability rather as transmission than as arresting change, and we have taken into consideration a broad scope of heritage, including masses of unlisted and abandoned buildings. Adaptive reuse and other comparable forms of using and caring for the outworn existing building stock are practices intended to prolong the lifespan of material resources through reinterpretation. Through barn architecture, we suggest alternative approaches and concepts, such as mending and care, to both fields of architecture and architectural conservation.
本文从乡土建筑、适应性再利用以及更具体的谷仓式建筑的角度探讨了物质文化和人们对建筑环境的参与。从涉及材料再利用的实际转换案例出发,并在各种非人类行为者和时间维度之间建立对应关系,我们加入了关于可持续建筑的辩论。我们将可持续性理解为传播,而不是引人注目的变化,我们考虑了广泛的遗产,包括大量未列出和废弃的建筑。适应性再利用和其他类似形式的使用和照顾破旧的现有建筑存量是旨在通过重新解释延长材料资源使用寿命的做法。通过谷仓建筑,我们提出了建筑和建筑保护领域的替代方法和概念,如修补和护理。
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引用次数: 0
From demon to deity: Forging a new iconography for Mahishasur 从恶魔到神:为马赫沙苏尔打造一个新的形象
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221116708
Moumita Sen
This article focuses on the forging of a new iconography for Mahishasur, a ‘demon’ in Hindu mythology who was reclaimed by indigenous communities both as a ‘god’ and as a champion of their political autonomy. The public political ritual of venerating Mahishasur was deemed blasphemous by the Hindu nationalist party in power. Among clay-modellers of Bengal, the dominant ‘demon’ image of Mahishasur embodies the highly-valued skill of Naturalistic sculpture; but the movement needed a new benevolent image. Through interviews with image-makers and organisers of this political ritual in several villages of West Bengal, I will show how local aesthetic ideals of masculinity, virtue, and political ideology are expressed in the new aesthetic form(s) and iconographies of this emerging hero of Indian politics.
这篇文章的重点是为印度神话中的“恶魔”Mahishasur打造一个新的形象,他被土著社区视为“神”和他们政治自治的捍卫者。执政的印度教民族主义政党认为,公开崇拜马哈沙苏尔的政治仪式是亵渎神灵的。在孟加拉的粘土造型师中,占主导地位的“恶魔”形象体现了高度重视的自然主义雕塑技巧;但这场运动需要一个新的仁慈形象。通过对西孟加拉邦几个村庄的这一政治仪式的图像制造者和组织者的采访,我将展示当地对男子气概、美德和政治意识形态的审美理想是如何在印度政治中这位新兴英雄的新美学形式和肖像中表达出来的。
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引用次数: 2
Making “Senses”: The qualia of Pu’er tea and sensorial encounters between tea producers and traders in southwest China 制造“感官”:普洱茶的品质与西南地区茶叶生产商与贸易商的感官相遇
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/13591835211066811
Zhengyi Ma
This article analyses how Han buyers’ perception of and desire for the qualia—sensuous qualities—of Pu’er tea affects how ethnic minority producers perceive and make the tea. As a defining aspect of the consumers' experiences with ancient Pu’er tea, these qualia were invented and emphasised as part of the elite Chinese tea culture by Han traders and consumers. While the Bulang people's traditional way of making and using Pu’er tea related more to its economic and symbolic values than to its perceived effects on the body, in response to China's rapid marketisation they had to learn to sense the qualia rooted in a Han lexicon and philosophy and then acquire new skills to produce them. The paper argues that sensorial experience as a cultural dimension of tea has created new layers within Bulang people's encounters with the modern market.
本文分析了汉族消费者对普洱茶感官品质的感知和渴望如何影响少数民族生产者对普洱茶的感知和制作。作为消费者体验古代普洱茶的一个决定性方面,这些qualia是汉族商人和消费者发明并强调的中国精英茶文化的一部分。虽然布朗人制作和使用普洱茶的传统方式更多地与它的经济和象征价值有关,而不是与它对身体的感知影响有关,但为了应对中国的快速市场化,他们必须学会感知植根于汉族词汇和哲学中的疑虑,然后获得新的生产技能。本文认为,感官体验作为茶的一个文化维度,在布朗人与现代市场的接触中创造了新的层次。
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引用次数: 0
Response to Tim Ingold 对蒂姆·英格戈尔德的回应
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221092085
T. Ingold, E. Carpenter, A. Seeger, P. Stoller
Ingold T (2000) The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill. London: Routledge. Ingold T (2001) ‘From the transmission of representations to the education of attention’. In: Whitehouse H (ed) The Debated Mind: Evolutionary Psychology Versus Ethnography. Oxford: Berg, pp.113–153. Ingold T (2011) Being Alive: Essays on Movement, Knowledge and Description. New York and London: Routledge. Ingold T (2013) Making: Anthropology, Archaeology, Art and Architecture. New York and London: Routledge. Ingold T (2015) The Life of Lines. New York and London: Routledge. Ingold T 2016. Evolution and Social Life, New Edition. New York and London: Routledge. Ingold T (2018) ‘From the north with my cello, or, five propositions on beauty’. In: Bunn S (ed) Anthropology and Beauty: From Aesthetics to Creativity. New York and London: Routledge, 449–464. Ingold T (2007a) Lines: A Brief History. New York and London: Routledge. Ingold T (2007b) Materials against materiality. Archaeological Dialogues 14: 1–16. Merleau-Ponty M (1962) Phenomenology of Perception, Translated by Colin Smith. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Merleau-Ponty M (1964) ‘Eye and mind’, trans. Carleton Dallery. In: Edie JM (ed) The Primacy of Perception, and Other Essays on Phenomenological Psychology, the Philosophy of Art, History and Politics. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 159–190. Sahlins M (1976) Culture and Practical Reason. IL: University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
Ingold T(2000)《环境感知:生计、居住和技能随笔》。伦敦:劳特利奇。Ingold T(2001)“从表征的传递到注意力的教育”。在:怀特豪斯H(ed)《争论的心灵:进化心理学与民族志》。牛津:伯格,第113-153页。Ingold T(2011)《活着:关于运动、知识和描述的随笔》。纽约和伦敦:劳特利奇。Ingold T(2013)《制作:人类学、考古学、艺术与建筑》。纽约和伦敦:劳特利奇。Ingold T(2015)《线的生命》。纽约和伦敦:劳特利奇。Ingold T 2016。进化与社会生活,新版。纽约和伦敦:劳特利奇。Ingold T(2018)“来自北方,带着我的大提琴,或者说,关于美的五个命题”。在:Bunn S(ed)人类学与美:从美学到创造力。纽约和伦敦:劳特利奇,449–464。Ingold T(2007a)Lines:A Brief History。纽约和伦敦:劳特利奇。Ingold T(2007b)材料与实质性。考古对话14:1-16。梅(1962)《感知现象学》,科林·史密斯译。伦敦:Routledge&Kegan-Paul。Merleau-Ponty M(1964)《眼睛与心灵》,跨性别。Carleton Dallery。在:Edie JM(ed)《感知的原始性》和其他关于现象心理学、艺术哲学、历史和政治的论文。伊利诺伊州埃文斯顿:西北大学出版社,159-190。萨林斯M(1976)《文化与实践理性》。伊利诺伊州:芝加哥大学出版社:芝加哥。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Material Culture
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