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The dead wait: Material afterlives in sepulchral spaces 死亡的等待:坟墓空间中的物质后遗症
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221132378
Jeremy F. Walton
This essay examines the heterotopic and heterochronic material afterlives of cemeteries through a comparative focus on two cities of the dead: Zagreb's Mirogoj Cemetery, which was established during the late 19th century, and Thessaloniki's Zeitenlik World War I Military Cemetery, which entombs Allied victims from the Salonika Front. My principal aim is to highlight the contrasts and contradictions between nationalized collective memories and unsettling imperial legacies that define the material afterlives of each of these cemeteries. In Mirogoj, material afterlives take shape as a palimpsest of eras, only some of which are monumentalized as collective memories. In Zeitenlik, the material afterlife of a single event of death-dealing, the Great War, constitutes an archive of bygone imperial socialities that defy the homogenizing logics of national identity in the present.
本文通过对两座死者城市的比较研究,考察了墓地的异时和异时材料的后世:萨格勒布的米罗戈吉公墓(建于19世纪末)和塞萨洛尼基的泽滕里克第一次世界大战军事公墓(埋葬萨洛尼卡前线的盟军受害者)。我的主要目的是强调国有化的集体记忆和令人不安的帝国遗产之间的对比和矛盾,这些遗产定义了每个墓地的物质遗产。在Mirogoj,物质的余生形成了时代的重写本,只有其中一些被纪念为集体记忆。在Zeitenlik中,一场死亡交易事件——大战——的物质来生构成了过去帝国社会的档案,这些社会挑战了当今国家身份的同质化逻辑。
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引用次数: 1
Local fashion, global imagination: Agency, identity, and aspiration in the diasporic Hmong community 当地时尚,全球想象力:散居苗族社区的代理,身份和抱负
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221125113
Tian Shi
Dress has been used as a visual avowal of social status, personality, personal taste, identity, and philosophy throughout history. This article aims to assess the changing dress practices and understand the meaning of ethnic dress in the diasporic community in a super-connected era. This article examines the cultural–historical contexts that contribute to dress practices at the macro level and individuals’ perceptions at the micro level. This article demonstrates how the Hmong experience can contribute to the knowledge of dress as a vehicle of agency, identity, and aspiration in fashion and material culture studies. In doing so, this article provides new insights into a growing area of research by exploring the emotionality of materials in terms of how imagination and aspiration of ethnicity are inscribed in and ascribed to dress and clothing in diasporic groups.
纵观历史,服装一直被用作社会地位、个性、个人品味、身份和哲学的视觉宣言。本文旨在评估服装实践的变化,并理解在超连接时代的流散社区中民族服装的意义。本文考察了文化历史背景,这些文化历史背景在宏观层面上影响着着装习惯,在微观层面上影响着个人的观念。这篇文章展示了苗族人的经历如何有助于在时尚和物质文化研究中将服装作为代理、身份和抱负的载体。在此过程中,本文通过探索材料的情感,探讨种族的想象力和愿望是如何在散居群体的服装和服装中被记录和赋予的,从而为一个不断发展的研究领域提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Anthropological face casts: Towards an ethical processing of their histories and difficult legacies of intimacy and ambiguity 人类学的面孔塑造:对他们的历史和亲密关系和模糊性的艰难遗产进行伦理处理
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221123995
Gwyneira Isaac, S. Colebank
Anthropologically informed plaster face casts were created and collected in the 19th and 20th centuries as part of an effort to develop human typologies, and to acquire data on what were perceived to be the morphological attributes of race. Their subsequent affective, politically sensitive, promiscuously mobile, and precarious qualities have resulted in them occupying highly charged territories within collections, as well as between museums and descendant communities. They are objects with inherent ambiguities due to how they exist at the intersections of art and science, merging individual, cultural, political, and colonialized bodies. Casts also provide tangible traces of unwanted physical intimacy resulting from how colonized peoples often had no choice in being cast or handled by strangers. In recent years, however, they have also been used by descendent communities as memorials of family members. This article explores this potent intersection of ambiguity and intimacy that these casts occupy, arguing for ethical protocol for their treatment that acknowledges their history, colonial contexts, and the processes behind their creation, as well as their current re-socialization through renewed relationships with descendant communities.
19世纪和20世纪,作为开发人类类型学和获取被认为是种族形态特征的数据的努力的一部分,人们制作并收集了具有人类学知识的石膏面部模型。他们随后的情感、政治敏感性、混杂的流动性和不稳定的品质导致他们在藏品中以及博物馆和后代社区之间占据了高度活跃的领地。它们是具有内在模糊性的物体,因为它们是如何存在于艺术和科学的交叉点,融合了个人、文化、政治和殖民主义的身体。铸件还提供了不必要的身体亲密感的有形痕迹,这是因为殖民地人民在被陌生人铸造或处理时往往别无选择。然而,近年来,它们也被后代社区用作家庭成员的纪念物。这篇文章探讨了这些演员所占据的模糊性和亲密性的有力交叉点,为他们的治疗提出了伦理协议,承认他们的历史、殖民背景和创造背后的过程,以及他们目前通过与后代社区的新关系重新社会化。
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引用次数: 0
Learning from the secondary: Rethinking architectural conservation through ‘barn architecture’ 从中学中学习:通过“谷仓建筑”重新思考建筑保护
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221123953
Iida Kalakoski, Sigrun Thorgrimsdottir
This article explores material culture and peoples’ engagement with built environments from the perspective of vernacular architecture, adaptive reuse and more specifically barn-inspired architecture. Departing from actual cases of conversions that involve material reuse and initiate a correspondence between various more-than-human actors and temporal dimensions, we join the debate around sustainable architecture. We understand sustainability rather as transmission than as arresting change, and we have taken into consideration a broad scope of heritage, including masses of unlisted and abandoned buildings. Adaptive reuse and other comparable forms of using and caring for the outworn existing building stock are practices intended to prolong the lifespan of material resources through reinterpretation. Through barn architecture, we suggest alternative approaches and concepts, such as mending and care, to both fields of architecture and architectural conservation.
本文从乡土建筑、适应性再利用以及更具体的谷仓式建筑的角度探讨了物质文化和人们对建筑环境的参与。从涉及材料再利用的实际转换案例出发,并在各种非人类行为者和时间维度之间建立对应关系,我们加入了关于可持续建筑的辩论。我们将可持续性理解为传播,而不是引人注目的变化,我们考虑了广泛的遗产,包括大量未列出和废弃的建筑。适应性再利用和其他类似形式的使用和照顾破旧的现有建筑存量是旨在通过重新解释延长材料资源使用寿命的做法。通过谷仓建筑,我们提出了建筑和建筑保护领域的替代方法和概念,如修补和护理。
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引用次数: 0
From demon to deity: Forging a new iconography for Mahishasur 从恶魔到神:为马赫沙苏尔打造一个新的形象
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221116708
Moumita Sen
This article focuses on the forging of a new iconography for Mahishasur, a ‘demon’ in Hindu mythology who was reclaimed by indigenous communities both as a ‘god’ and as a champion of their political autonomy. The public political ritual of venerating Mahishasur was deemed blasphemous by the Hindu nationalist party in power. Among clay-modellers of Bengal, the dominant ‘demon’ image of Mahishasur embodies the highly-valued skill of Naturalistic sculpture; but the movement needed a new benevolent image. Through interviews with image-makers and organisers of this political ritual in several villages of West Bengal, I will show how local aesthetic ideals of masculinity, virtue, and political ideology are expressed in the new aesthetic form(s) and iconographies of this emerging hero of Indian politics.
这篇文章的重点是为印度神话中的“恶魔”Mahishasur打造一个新的形象,他被土著社区视为“神”和他们政治自治的捍卫者。执政的印度教民族主义政党认为,公开崇拜马哈沙苏尔的政治仪式是亵渎神灵的。在孟加拉的粘土造型师中,占主导地位的“恶魔”形象体现了高度重视的自然主义雕塑技巧;但这场运动需要一个新的仁慈形象。通过对西孟加拉邦几个村庄的这一政治仪式的图像制造者和组织者的采访,我将展示当地对男子气概、美德和政治意识形态的审美理想是如何在印度政治中这位新兴英雄的新美学形式和肖像中表达出来的。
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引用次数: 2
Making “Senses”: The qualia of Pu’er tea and sensorial encounters between tea producers and traders in southwest China 制造“感官”:普洱茶的品质与西南地区茶叶生产商与贸易商的感官相遇
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/13591835211066811
Zhengyi Ma
This article analyses how Han buyers’ perception of and desire for the qualia—sensuous qualities—of Pu’er tea affects how ethnic minority producers perceive and make the tea. As a defining aspect of the consumers' experiences with ancient Pu’er tea, these qualia were invented and emphasised as part of the elite Chinese tea culture by Han traders and consumers. While the Bulang people's traditional way of making and using Pu’er tea related more to its economic and symbolic values than to its perceived effects on the body, in response to China's rapid marketisation they had to learn to sense the qualia rooted in a Han lexicon and philosophy and then acquire new skills to produce them. The paper argues that sensorial experience as a cultural dimension of tea has created new layers within Bulang people's encounters with the modern market.
本文分析了汉族消费者对普洱茶感官品质的感知和渴望如何影响少数民族生产者对普洱茶的感知和制作。作为消费者体验古代普洱茶的一个决定性方面,这些qualia是汉族商人和消费者发明并强调的中国精英茶文化的一部分。虽然布朗人制作和使用普洱茶的传统方式更多地与它的经济和象征价值有关,而不是与它对身体的感知影响有关,但为了应对中国的快速市场化,他们必须学会感知植根于汉族词汇和哲学中的疑虑,然后获得新的生产技能。本文认为,感官体验作为茶的一个文化维度,在布朗人与现代市场的接触中创造了新的层次。
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引用次数: 0
Response to Tim Ingold 对蒂姆·英格戈尔德的回应
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221092085
T. Ingold, E. Carpenter, A. Seeger, P. Stoller
Ingold T (2000) The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill. London: Routledge. Ingold T (2001) ‘From the transmission of representations to the education of attention’. In: Whitehouse H (ed) The Debated Mind: Evolutionary Psychology Versus Ethnography. Oxford: Berg, pp.113–153. Ingold T (2011) Being Alive: Essays on Movement, Knowledge and Description. New York and London: Routledge. Ingold T (2013) Making: Anthropology, Archaeology, Art and Architecture. New York and London: Routledge. Ingold T (2015) The Life of Lines. New York and London: Routledge. Ingold T 2016. Evolution and Social Life, New Edition. New York and London: Routledge. Ingold T (2018) ‘From the north with my cello, or, five propositions on beauty’. In: Bunn S (ed) Anthropology and Beauty: From Aesthetics to Creativity. New York and London: Routledge, 449–464. Ingold T (2007a) Lines: A Brief History. New York and London: Routledge. Ingold T (2007b) Materials against materiality. Archaeological Dialogues 14: 1–16. Merleau-Ponty M (1962) Phenomenology of Perception, Translated by Colin Smith. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Merleau-Ponty M (1964) ‘Eye and mind’, trans. Carleton Dallery. In: Edie JM (ed) The Primacy of Perception, and Other Essays on Phenomenological Psychology, the Philosophy of Art, History and Politics. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 159–190. Sahlins M (1976) Culture and Practical Reason. IL: University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
Ingold T(2000)《环境感知:生计、居住和技能随笔》。伦敦:劳特利奇。Ingold T(2001)“从表征的传递到注意力的教育”。在:怀特豪斯H(ed)《争论的心灵:进化心理学与民族志》。牛津:伯格,第113-153页。Ingold T(2011)《活着:关于运动、知识和描述的随笔》。纽约和伦敦:劳特利奇。Ingold T(2013)《制作:人类学、考古学、艺术与建筑》。纽约和伦敦:劳特利奇。Ingold T(2015)《线的生命》。纽约和伦敦:劳特利奇。Ingold T 2016。进化与社会生活,新版。纽约和伦敦:劳特利奇。Ingold T(2018)“来自北方,带着我的大提琴,或者说,关于美的五个命题”。在:Bunn S(ed)人类学与美:从美学到创造力。纽约和伦敦:劳特利奇,449–464。Ingold T(2007a)Lines:A Brief History。纽约和伦敦:劳特利奇。Ingold T(2007b)材料与实质性。考古对话14:1-16。梅(1962)《感知现象学》,科林·史密斯译。伦敦:Routledge&Kegan-Paul。Merleau-Ponty M(1964)《眼睛与心灵》,跨性别。Carleton Dallery。在:Edie JM(ed)《感知的原始性》和其他关于现象心理学、艺术哲学、历史和政治的论文。伊利诺伊州埃文斯顿:西北大学出版社,159-190。萨林斯M(1976)《文化与实践理性》。伊利诺伊州:芝加哥大学出版社:芝加哥。
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引用次数: 0
In defense of materiality: Attending to the sensori-social life of things 捍卫物质性:关注事物的感官社会生活
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221088501
D. Howes
This article presents a defense of the concept of materiality in the face of Tim Ingold’s critique of the concept as part of his “efforts to restore anthropology to life” in Being Alive and elsewhere. While acknowledging the forcefulness of Ingold’s stress on the “liveliness” of materials, and doctrine of perception “as action” (not representation), it critiques the way he neuters the perceiving subject, abstracts the senses, disregards the sensuous pleasures of making, and elides the sensori-social life of things. Three case studies are presented by way of illustration: the sensorial archaeology of perception, the “exuberant materiality” of the Byzantine bas-relief metal icon, and the tactility of “ladies’ craftwork” in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. In place of Ingold’s ideal-typical figures – the rootless wayfarer, the skilled craftsman – this article brings out the situatedness of the human subject within a particular tradition, or sensory and social regime, and how this mediates their construction and perception of things and other persons.
面对蒂姆·英格尔德在《活着》和《其他地方》中对物质性概念的批判,这篇文章为物质性概念辩护,这是他“努力将人类学恢复到生活中”的一部分。在承认英格尔强调材料的“生动性”和感知“作为行动”(而非表现)的学说的力量的同时,它批评了他中性化感知主体、抽象感官、忽视制造的感官乐趣和忽略事物的感官社会生活的方式。三个案例研究以例证的方式呈现:感知的感官考古学,拜占庭浅浮雕金属图标的“丰富的物质性”,以及十八世纪和十九世纪“女士工艺品”的触觉。代替英格尔理想中的典型人物——无根的旅行者、熟练的工匠——这篇文章揭示了人类主体在特定传统或感官和社会制度中的地位,以及这如何调节他们对事物和他人的构建和感知。
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引用次数: 8
Response to David Howes 对David Howes的回应
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221092084
T. Ingold
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引用次数: 0
Pith and power: Colonial style in France and French West Africa 髓与权力:法国和法属西非的殖民风格
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/13591835221090603
Victoria L. Rovine
Through close analysis of interwar French representations of the pith helmet, both visual and textual, I trace the array of significations to which this single form of material culture was harnessed as it moved between France and Afrique Occidentale Française. Though born of a vulnerability specific to white, European bodies, this headwear's distinctive, recognizable form became an emblem of imperial power for those same bodies. This imperial connotation propelled the helmet into dress practices on the other side of the colonial divide, where West African consumers brought further layers of semantic complexity to this headwear's colonial connotations. A select few West Africans wore pith helmets to signify their status as adjuncts to the French administration, thus extending that power. Others took up the pith helmet in defiance of French sartorial norms, bringing its associations with elite status into their own dress systems. Wherever it appeared, the pith helmet alluded to an elsewhere. In France, the helmet conjured the steamy climate of the colonies; in the colonies this headwear invoked the metropole and its administration of colonial subjects. My analysis demonstrates the complex roles of this key element of colonial material culture, which moved between colony to metropole, both projecting European power and revealing the precarity of that power.
通过仔细分析两次世界大战期间法国对髓盔的视觉和文本表现,我追溯了这种单一形式的物质文化在法国和西方非洲法语之间流动时所具有的一系列意义。尽管这种头饰天生就有欧洲白人身体特有的脆弱性,但其独特、可识别的形状成为了这些身体的帝国权力象征。这种帝国的内涵将头盔推向了殖民鸿沟另一边的着装实践,西非消费者为这种头饰的殖民内涵带来了更深层次的语义复杂性。少数西非人戴着木髓头盔,以表明他们作为法国政府副官的地位,从而扩大了这一权力。其他人则无视法国的着装规范,戴上了木髓头盔,将其与精英地位的联系纳入了自己的着装体系。无论它出现在哪里,髓形头盔都暗指别处。在法国,头盔让人联想到殖民地闷热的气候;在殖民地,这种头饰唤起了大都市及其对殖民地臣民的管理。我的分析证明了殖民物质文化的这一关键元素的复杂作用,它在殖民地到大都市之间流动,既投射了欧洲的力量,也揭示了这种力量的不稳定性。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Material Culture
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