Nursing Research and Practice最新文献

Aim: This study examined the dyadic relationships among parenting stress, family resilience, and coping styles within Chinese intergenerational co-parenting households. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in China from December 2022 to September 2023. The STROBE checklist was used to report the current study. Methods: A total of 312 parent-grandparent dyads caring for children under three years old participated. Both parents and grandparents completed the Parenting Stress Scale, Grandparenting Parenting Stress Scale, Family Hardiness Index, and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. Dyadic associations were analyzed using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM) to examine whether parenting stress was associated with family resilience and coping styles among parents and grandparents. Results: Family resilience was found to partially mediate the relationship between parenting stress and positive coping styles in both parents (β = -0.054, p < 0.001) and grandparents (β = -0.067, p < 0.001). Additionally, family resilience mediated partner effects, suggesting interdependence between parents' (β = -0.311, p < 0.001) and grandparents' stress and coping mechanisms (β = -0.231, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study enhances understanding of the interdependent relationships between parenting stress, family resilience, and coping strategies in Chinese intergenerational co-parenting households.

Aim: Mothers of children with intellectual disabilities are particularly vulnerable to mental distress due to demanding and exhausting caregiving. However, in the Arab world, they are seldom screened for depression because of limited diagnostic resources. Addressing the urgent need for brief and reliable screening tools, this study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) among 85 Saudi mothers. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: The construct, convergent, and divergent validity of the PHQ-2 was examined through a latent variable model (LVM), while its cutoff score was examined through receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The unidimensional PHQ-2 (item loadings > 0.7) was positively predicted by stress and negatively predicted by high mood and happiness, supporting its convergent and divergent validity. The PHQ-2 effectively predicted low mood, poor sleep quality, nightmares, high stress, low general physical health, and willingness to join a psychological support program (area under the curve [AUC] range = 0.72-0.84, p values < 0.001). The best balance between sensitivity and specificity was achieved at the PHQ-2 threshold ≥ 2.5, while the cutoff ≥ 3.5 demonstrated a higher positive predictive value (PPV) for all outcomes (range = 30.0-78.8 vs. 23.0-70.8). Conclusions: The PHQ-2 is a brief, valid tool, which at cutoffs ≥ 2.5 and ≥ 3.5 can reliably detect clinically significant depression and related psychological and physical adverse effects. Mothers scoring ≥ 3.5 may require a clinician-based examination for depression, and they may benefit from specific mental health literacy interventions. However, the results should be interpreted with caution given convenience sampling, a small sample size, and elevated distress levels in the current population. These limitations highlight the need to replicate the study with larger, randomly selected samples from more diverse populations. Implications for Practice: Nurses can efficiently screen for depression and its mental/physical sequelae, as well as monitor response to treatment using only two items. The study provided two well-interpreted cutoffs of the PHQ-2, with real-world implications for mental health screening in under-resourced settings. Reporting Method: The study adhered to STROBE guidelines. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution.

Background: The adoption of 12-h shifts in response to workforce shortages has raised questions about their impact on nurses' well-being and patient care quality. While international studies offer mixed findings, little is known about these effects in the Omani context. Aim: To compare the effects of 8-h and 12-h shifts on nurse fatigue, quality of life, satisfaction, turnover intention, and perceived patient care in a tertiary hospital in Oman. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 nurses from Sultan Qaboos University Hospital using self-administered surveys. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square tests were performed to compare outcomes across shift types. A multiple regression analysis was also conducted to assess predictors of quality of life, controlling for shift type, age, gender, marital status, satisfaction, fatigue, and unit assignment. Results: Nurses working 12-h shifts reported significantly higher levels of fatigue (p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.82) but also reported higher quality of life (p < 0.001; d = 0.91) and greater satisfaction with their shift length (p=0.001; d = 0.72). No significant differences were found in turnover intention. Patient falls were more frequently reported among 12-h shift nurses, while other safety incidents showed no significant variation. A multiple regression model predicting QOL was significant (F(16, 83) = 9.64, p < 0.001, adjusted R ² = 0.583). Satisfaction with shift was the strongest positive predictor (β = 0.432, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.117, 0.287]), while working a 12-h shift had a significant negative association with QOL (β = -0.232, p=0.004, 95% CI [-0.603, -0.117]). Marital status showed a marginally significant positive effect (β = 0.180, p=0.051, 95% CI [-0.001, 0.555]). Conclusion: Despite increased fatigue, nurses working 12-h shifts reported higher quality of life, possibly due to more days off and enhanced work-life balance. However, elevated fatigue and fall rates warrant caution. The findings underscore the importance of implementing flexible and individualized scheduling policies rather than universally adopting 12-h shifts. Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore long-term effects of shift length on nurse and patient outcomes.

Background: Pain remains a complex and multifaceted challenge in healthcare, affecting patient outcomes, quality of life, and healthcare costs. Significant gaps in knowledge and attitudes among nurses can hinder effective pain management, patient outcomes, and satisfaction. Purpose: This study assesses nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain assessment and management. Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 161 registered nurses from various wards at a hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January and April 2024. Data were collected using the Knowledge and Attitude Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP) and analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and independent t-tests. Results: The nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain were moderate (M = 25.62, SD ± 6.4). Less than a quarter of participants demonstrated a good level according to the KASRP (22.36%). The score was greater among nurses working in surgical, emergency, and hemodialysis units (F = 2.47, p=0.03), those with good perceived competency levels in pain management (t = 3.41, p < 0.001) and knew about the availability of pain management protocols in the unit (t = 2.81, p=0.003). Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for enhanced educational strategies to improve nurses' knowledge of pain assessment and pharmacological interventions, and to address misconceptions about opioid use and opioid dependency, as well as the ethical implications of placebo use. Continued professional development and the implementation of standardized protocols are recommended to improve nursing practice in this area.

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, progressive, and life-threatening complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus requiring immediate and aggressive intervention. If not treated appropriately, DKA can be fatal. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes in critical care units are crucial for providing quality care to minimize the mortality, morbidity, and complications associated with DKA. Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of critical care unit nurses toward DKA in the Southern West Bank hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 178 nurses working in critical care units in Southern West Bank hospitals during February and March 2024. A self-administered questionnaire, developed by the researchers, assessed nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward DKA. The survey included 18 knowledge-based questions covering causes, symptoms, diagnostics, and management, as well as 15 attitude-based items rated on a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 23, employing descriptive statistics, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA to assess differences between groups. Results: The analysis indicated that the majority of nurses, 109 (61.2%), had a low level of knowledge about the management of DKA. In addition, more than half of the nurses, 96 (53.9%), exhibited a fair attitude toward the management of DKA. There was a significant difference between nurses' knowledge about DKA management and the age of the participants (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between nurses' attitudes toward DKA management and their professional characteristics (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Findings highlight the need for targeted educational programs to improve nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward DKA management. Implementing standardized training, ensuring access to updated clinical guidelines, and integrating DKA management into continuous professional development can enhance patient outcomes. Future research should explore institutional barriers and effective interventions for improving nurses' competencies in DKA care.

Background: The integration of research into nursing practice is fundamental for advancing evidence-based healthcare. This study examines the factors influencing Saudi nursing students' attitudes toward evidence-based research. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among nursing students in Saudi Arabia from September 2023 to January 2024. Data were collected via an online questionnaire, which included demographic details and the attitudes toward research (ATR) scale. Statistical analyses employed descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Of the 603 participants, 56.72% were male, predominantly aged 21-25 years (65.67%), and 76.12% attended public institutions. Most were pursuing a B.Sc. in nursing (85.07%). The overall mean score of the ATR scale was 3.13 ± 0.51 out of 5, indicating a moderately positive attitude level among the students. A significant negative correlation was found between research usefulness and research anxiety (r = -0.4, p < 0.001), and a strong positive correlation existed between research usefulness and positive ATR (r = 0.73, p < 0.001). Research anxiety was negatively correlated with positive ATR (r = -0.49, p < 0.001). Additionally, research difficulty was significantly correlated with both research anxiety (r = 0.78, p < 0.001) and positive ATR (r = -0.48, p < 0.001). Notably, a statistically significant association was observed between the type of institute and the overall mean score, with students from public institutes scoring higher than those from private institutes. Linear regression analysis further confirmed that the type of institute was a significant predictor of overall ATR. Conclusion: The study revealed a moderately positive attitude among students toward the utility of evidence-based research in their profession while highlighting concerns in areas such as research anxiety and difficulty. Compared with their private institute counterparts, students from public institutes displayed more favorable attitudes, indicating a need for educational policymakers to address disparities in research education. Addressing research anxiety and perceived difficulty through curriculum design and teaching methods could foster more positive ATR among nursing students, contributing to the advancement of evidence-based practices in nursing care.

Background: Aging causes a decline in various functions. Among older adults, deteriorations in oral function might interfere with their diet. However, the insight into whether oral function improvement affects older adults' diet remains unclear. Aim: To investigate whether oral function improvement by an intervention can affect the diet of community-dwelling aged people needing any care. Participants and Methods: This study enrolled 16 community-dwelling older people aged 65 years who were certified to require support care level 1 or 2. We measured the participants' oral function (tongue pressure, oral diadochokinesis, and masticatory force) and used questionnaires to collect data on attributes and diet before and after the intervention, which comprised four oral exercises once a day for 3 months at their own homes. The effect of the intervention was determined using the paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test. Results: Tongue pressure (p < 0.001), /pa/syllable (p = 0.027), /ta/syllable (p = 0.046), and masticatory force (p = 0.012) significantly improved after the intervention. Conversely, the/ka/syllable (p = 0.083) and ingestion frequency (p = 0.107 - 0.773) did not change significantly. Conclusions: Oral function training improved the oral function of older adults but could not change their dietary habits. Diet improvement may require dietary counseling together with oral exercise.

Background: The incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) following cesarean section (CS) is between 3% and 15% worldwide. There is a paucity of evidence regarding the incidence and risk factors of SSI following CS in Saudi Arabia. Globally, infection is the third greatest cause of maternal deaths. There are many risk factors associated with SSI post-CS such as age, previous history of CS, medical diseases, and a high number of vaginal examinations. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective descriptive study among women who underwent CS. Setting: Gynecology and obstetrics clinics in a maternity and children's hospital. Sample: A convenience sample of 124 mothers within 30 days after CS was used; data were collected from July 2021 to August 2021. This study found that the incidence of SSI after CS was 4% of the mothers who underwent CS operations in the Maternity and Children Hospital in Sakaka. Besides, the results showed that there is a significant association between the type of anesthesia (spinal) and SSI following CS (Chi = 4.288, p ≤ 0.05). To conclude that the incidence of SSI following CS was 4%, comparable to the international rate, and spinal anesthesia was the confirmed risk factor in our sample. Further studies should be carried out with larger samples and in more than one hospital in Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Infertility affects millions worldwide, and gender biases can shape perceptions of both infertility and treatment, ultimately influencing the quality of care. Aim: This study explores gender biases in male infertility and their impact on affected women. Methods: Conducted in Iran between June and November 2023 by nurse researchers, this qualitative study involved in-depth interviews with six couples whose male partners had primary infertility, a fertility lawyer, and a midwife. The collected data were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's inductive content analysis method. Results: The central theme of the findings is "Female Perception of Male Infertility," guided by three categories: the feminization of infertility, the weight of male infertility treatment on female shoulders, and the pressure of masculinity on women. Conclusion: The findings highlight the existing gender biases regarding male infertility and its treatment and how they affect women with infertility. It is recommended that health policymakers and healthcare providers provide culturally sensitive care and support to reduce the stigma associated with male infertility that affects women and address gender biases regarding male infertility.

Background: A working environment designed for employee comfort and safety reduces occupational risks. In hospitals, the health of service providers should be protected as much as the patients' health. During care practices, nurses interact with their environment and the equipment as well as the patients. Protecting nurses' health and welfare in the working environment is related to the protection of individual, family, and community health. The study was conducted to determine the risks of operating room nurses' body postures and working conditions in the operating room in terms of musculoskeletal disorders and the effects of these risks on nurses. Method: This descriptive study examined the ergonomic risk assessments of operating room nurses' intraoperative positions and their musculoskeletal problems. The "Nurse Introductory Characteristics Form," "Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire," and "Rapid Entire Body Assessment Tool" were used to collect data. Results: It was determined that the intraoperative body positions of nurses carry a medium-high level of ergonomic risk; they mostly experience musculoskeletal disorders between the ages of 23.5 and 25.03, and the most affected regions are the neck and lower back. A significant difference was determined between the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders and total working time, working style, receiving undergraduate ergonomics training, and participating in regular sports (p < 0.05). An increase in working years increased the risk, while receiving undergraduate ergonomics training decreased it. Conclusions: Nurse-specific recommendations should be developed to prevent ergonomic risks in the operating room and their negative consequences. Undergraduate training including these recommendations is effective in developing positive behaviors regarding the management of ergonomic risks.