Nursing Research and Practice最新文献

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a growing problem with increasing global prevalence and the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Knowledge about the disease and risk factors reduces exposure to modifiable risk factors and, as a result, contributes to prevention. As diabetes is a prevalent disease and there is limited research about CVD risk factors in Ethiopia, we conducted a study to assess this knowledge. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on diabetes mellitus patients on follow-up at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from April 11 to May 16, 2021. The participants were selected using a consecutive sampling method. Knowledge was measured using a heart disease fact questionnaire, and a score of less than 70% was defined as suboptimal. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26.0. Associations between dependent and independent variables were identified based on AOR, with 95% CI and a p value less than or equal to 0.05. Result: A total of 404 patients with a mean age of 52.03 ± 14.39 participated in the study, and more than half, 217 (53.7%), of patients were females. About half of the patients (52%) had good knowledge of CVD risk factors. In multivariable logistic regression, urban residency (AOR, 3.335; 95% CI [1.134-9.809]), higher educational level (AOR, 4.016; 95% CI [1.78-9.061]), being employed (AOR, 1.942; 95% CI [1.058-3.566]), and hearing information about CVD risk factors (AOR, 2.492; 95% CI [1.573-3.949]) are associated with knowledge of CVD risk factors. Conclusion: This study revealed that almost half of diabetes mellitus patients had suboptimal knowledge about CVD risk factors. Urban residence, higher education level, employment, and information about CVD risk factors are positively associated with good knowledge of CVD risk factors. Health education is needed to improve their knowledge.

Background and aim: Research on international students conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic has persistently highlighted the vulnerabilities and challenges that they experienced when staying in the host country to continue with their studies. The findings from such research can inevitably create a negative image of international students and their ability to respond to challenges during unprecedented times. The aim of this study is two-fold: (1). To provide insights into the pandemic's impact on CaLD international nursing students. (2). To explore the lived experiences of CaLD international students in overcoming the challenges during the pandemic. Method: A descriptive qualitative research design guided by constructivist grounded theory was used in this study. Students were recruited via flyers posted on the institutional digital learning platform. Nineteen in-depth 1 to 1 online interviews were conducted using an interview guide. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using constant comparison analysis. Results: Three themes emerged from the collected data that described the participants' lived experiences, and they were (1) viewing international education as the pursuit of a better life, (2) focusing on personal growth, and (3) coming out of the ashes we rise. Discussion: The findings highlight the importance of recognizing the investments and sacrifices that CaLD international students and their families make in pursuit of international tertiary education. The findings also underscore the importance of acknowledging the qualities that CaLD international students have to achieve self-growth and ultimately self-efficacy as they stay in the host country during a pandemic. Conclusion: Future research should aim to identify effective strategies that support CaLD international nursing students in achieving personal growth and self-efficacy. This is particularly important during times of uncertainty, such as a pandemic, to ensure that they can continue their studies successfully in the host country. Recognizing the investments and sacrifices made by these students and their families, as well as acknowledging their qualities and resilience, is crucial for developing supportive educational policies and practices.

Introduction: Cyprus is located in the Eastern Mediterranean and is heavily exposed to desert dust storm (DDS) events, which diminish air quality and adversely impact paediatric asthma morbidity. School health visitors (SHVs) play a key role in asthma management in schoolchildren and are pivotal for the development of school-based intervention programs. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the knowledge, practices and perceptions of SHVs on paediatric asthma management. Additionally, we sought to determine the factors associated with SHVs' level of engagement in school-based intervention programs to mitigate DDS-associated health effects. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire on asthma management practices and perceptions was administered to all SHVs in Cyprus. We assessed the association between the perceived importance and real-life implementation of asthma management practices and, in addition, asthma management practices and preparedness of local authorities to respond to DDS events were compared across categories for different sociodemographic characteristics. A binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine predictors among SHVs for supporting a school-based intervention program for DDS. Results: Responses from 78/93 SHVs (84%) revealed mean estimates for perceived importance ranging between 8.20 (lowest) for performing regular check-ups and 9.6 (highest) for monitoring student health records and immunisation status. Significant differences were demonstrated between the perceived importance of most of the reported asthma management practices and the extent of their implementation. Moderate appreciation among SHVs on a 1-5 Likert scale was reported for the regulatory authorities' preparedness (M = 3.48, SD = 0,88) and current practices (M = 2.66, SD = 0.13) to respond to DDS. Conclusion: Asthma management practices in school settings in Cyprus, a country highly exposed to DDS events, are suboptimal and responses during DDS are fragmented. Despite the perceived low preparedness, from the authorities, SHVs recognise the health impact of DDS on children with asthma and support plans for desert dust-mitigation programs in schools.

Aim: To validate an instrument for measuring healthcare workers' perceptions of person-centred teamwork in hospital units. Design: Quantitative cross-sectional descriptive design. This approach collected numerical data to explore and describe the characteristics of the instrument items, with the goal of generating insights as to the validity and reliability of the items. Methods: The target population included healthcare workers who worked in hospital settings. Total sampling was used to identify healthcare workers. Convenience sampling was used to select the participants. The participants completed the instrument. The data were captured and analysed using the software IBM SPSS Statistics Version 28 and RStudio 2023.06. Results: A 38-item instrument measuring the perceptions of healthcare workers of person-centred teamwork was tested psychometrically. A total of 388 healthcare workers working in private (n = 160) and public (n = 228) hospitals completed the instrument. Confirmatory factor analysis was used, indicating that the items were significant and that the constructs were well measured. Factor loading was present, and bifactor analysis confirmed the multidimensionality of each construct. The Cronbach's α confirmed the reliability of each of the 38 items. Conclusion: The person-centred teamwork instrument was reliable and validated as a multidimensional scale comprising 38 items. The instrument is psychometrically suitable for measuring person-centred teamwork in hospital settings. Implications: The person-centred teamwork instrument provides the ability to measure person-centred teamwork efforts to improve practice. As a measurable concept, person-centred teamwork can be improved by distinguishing areas for improvement. Link to Practice: The 38 item person-centred teamwork instrument indicated good fit for measuring the constructs, and the instrument was validated. Each of the items was reliable for measuring person-centred teamwork. The instrument can be applied internationally to assist in the measurement of person-centred teamwork practices to improve clinical outcomes.

Background: Migration of healthcare workers has become a foremost issue of health systems, generally from developing countries toward countries with higher income, producing destructive effects on health indicators. Aim: This study was proposed to investigate the intentions of migration among graduated and postgraduate Sudanese nursing students and the causes behind their intentions to migrate and determine the proportions and characteristics (e.g., per gender and profession) of Sudanese nursing students, both graduated and postgraduate, who intend to migrate. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out in Khartoum State, Sudan, between January and April 2022. The study involved 321 Sudanese nurses, both graduate and postgraduate, who were selected through convenience sampling. Data collection was performed using a semistructured, self-administered questionnaire created by the researchers. The questionnaire, prepared in English, was distributed via Google Forms on social media platforms. The study received approval from the Research and Ethics Committee of Alzaiem Alazhari University. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, Version 25. The results were presented in frequency tables and cross-tabulations. The Chi-square test was used to assess statistical significance, with a p value of < 0.05 considered significant. Results: The current study reflected that half of the nurses (49.5%) were willing to migrate after graduation if provided the opportunity. More than a third (36.8%) of them are interested in migrating to the Gulf countries, while that quarter (24.9%) of them said their main reason for migration is to save money quickly. There was a significant association between five sociodemographic variables (age, sex, education program, marital status, and place of residence) and the reason for migration with a p value of 0.05. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is high intention among graduated and postgraduate nursing students in Sudan to migrate and work outside Sudan.

The study aimed to evaluate the nutritional behavior of patients with heart failure in accordance with nutrition guidelines. This was an analytical cross-sectional study and conducted at the cardiology unit of a university hospital. The study sample consisted of 104 patients. We concluded that middle-aged patients, who had Stage I heart failure, whose fat percentage was 40%-59%, and whose metabolic age was young were found to be nourished by nutrition guidelines. It is recommended that the nutritional behaviors of heart failure patients be monitored and nursing interventions planned according to the guidelines.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occurring in nursing home (NH) residents are poorly assessed and challenging to treat. The emergence of clinical decision support (CDS) technology provides an opportunity for improved diagnosis and treatment of UTIs in the NH. The purpose of this study was to report findings examining the feasibility of licensed vocational nurses (LVNs) using a CDS algorithm designed to directly guide assessment of a standardized NH resident experiencing symptoms of a potential UTI in a simulation setting at a university in the Southern United States. A structured observational design was used. A sample of ten practicing nurses used an algorithm developed by the authors from published UTI assessment and practice-driven criteria. Data collection was framed using (a) UTI-guided assessment tool, (b) analysis of LVN behavior and verbal interaction with the algorithm, and (c) postsimulation interviews about the algorithm and nurse-resident interactions. Results showed LVNs found the algorithm easy or very easy to use, their behaviors demonstrated high levels of engagement with the simulation while using the algorithm, and interviews supported the positive value LVNs placed on using an algorithmic approach for UTI assessment. The algorithm we developed fills a gap in the current approaches to diagnosing a UTI in the NH by focusing on the role of the LVN in data collection in relation to assessment of the resident.

Background: Newly qualified professional nurses find the transition to their new role difficult and need support to connect theory to practice. The readiness to their new role is identified with stress, fear, lack of confidence, anxiety and lack in clinical ability. It was clear that newly qualified professional nurses need further academic and clinical support from the clinical institutions they are employed at. The challenges of their new role transition are assigned to various factors, amongst others, needing more preparation, finding it difficult to bridge the theory-practice gap and having no guidance or support. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the professional transition experiences of newly qualified professional nurses to their new role. Setting: The research setting in this study was two hospitals in the Cape Winelands region of the Western Cape, South Africa. Methods: This study employed a descriptive phenomenological research design. The researcher collected data through interviews. The data were analysed by employing a thematic analysis method. Results: Three themes were discovered from the findings of this study, with subthemes supporting them. Inadequate support was found to be a cause for not being prepared. Consequently, newly qualified professional nurses blame peers for lack of support. ConclusionThe participants of this study all described that newly qualified professional nurses' transition to nursing was challenging. The participants agreed that the transition to the professional role is a concern that needs to be addressed. This study found a need for professional support and guidance of newly qualified professional nurses within the clinical environment.

Background: The roles of nursing managers are diverse and demand high proficiency, with transformational approach recognized as a key competency for achieving organizational goals. A transformational approach is identified as essential in addressing the unique challenges of healthcare management, particularly in nursing, by enhancing self-efficacy and fostering trust among team members. Design: This study employed a conventional qualitative content analysis design. Methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit 23 nurse managers from hospital settings between April 2022 and August 2023. Data were collected through semistructured interviews, which were audiorecorded with participants' consent, transcribed verbatim into Word documents, and imported into MAXQDA software (Version 2020) for systematic organization and analysis. The data were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's (2020) qualitative content analysis method, while trustworthiness was ensured based on the criteria proposed by Kyngas, Kaariainen, and Elo (2020). Results: Eight subcategories and three final categories were identified as key strategies used by nursing managers in a transformational approach. The findings revealed that nursing managers employ strategies such as drawing the path of transformation, fostering a transformation-based culture, and facilitating transformational change within their practices. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the transformational strategies employed by nursing managers, which involve establishing clear pathways for transformation, fostering a culture of change, and acting as facilitators of the transformation process. It is recommended that nursing managers consistently implement and refine these strategies to promote innovation, adaptability, and a culture centered around change and transformation. Through these efforts, nursing managers can significantly enhance organizational effectiveness, improve patient outcomes, and drive substantial advancements in nursing practice.

Occupational role stress is one of the important factors affecting nurses' occupational stress and quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to explore occupational role stress and associated factors among nurses in Zahedan, Southeast Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2023. The study sample consisted of 260 nurses from hospitals affiliated with Zahedan University of Medical Sciences selected through a multistage sampling method. Data on nurses' occupational role stress, sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, sleep quality, and work-related factors were collected. A general linear regression model was applied to determine the factors associated with occupational role stress. The findings revealed that the mean total occupational role stress score was 141.41. Among the occupational role stress subscales, nurses had higher mean scores in role overload, role inadequacy, and responsibility. Total occupational role stress score was significantly higher in university graduate nurses than in those holding a high school diploma (p=0.005). Moreover, occupational role stress was significantly higher in nurses who slept for 4-6 h (p=0.011) and more than 8 h (p=0.017) compared to those who slept for 7-8 h a day. In addition, occupational role stress was also significantly higher in nurses with poor sleep quality (p=0.03). In addition, nurses who worked more than 8 h a day reported significantly higher occupational role stress (p=0.008). There was no statistically significant association between occupational role stress with age, gender, marital status, BMI, exercise, having a second job, shift work, ward assignment, and work experience. The findings emphasize the necessity of tailored interventions for managing occupational role stress in nurses with higher education and longer work hours. Improving work conditions, along with promoting healthy sleep habits, is a crucial step in reducing occupational role stress.