Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology最新文献

The older population is diversifying. Extensive research has shown the preference of older adults to age in place. Recent research shows that older migrants also prefer to age in place. However, not much is known about their reasons for doing so. Therefore, this paper focuses on older migrants who are ageing in placee and explores their home experiences both in the material and immaterial setting of home. In-depth interviews using photo-elicitation with older migrants (n = 23) from Limburg, Belgium were conducted. The results depart from older migrants' strong wish to age in place, which can be explained by the sense of familiarity the long-inhabited dwelling and neighbourhood provide, which concerns both a material and immaterial setting. However, the material setting of home can become a threat to ageing in place, as the interviews reveal, through physical obstacles and housing maintenance. Furthermore, the immaterial setting of home also comes into play as participants referred to their ethnic identity in discussing home experiences. The results further discuss the interrelatedness of material and immaterial settings of home. Interestingly, migration background did not always appear as relevant variable in older migrants home experiences. Instead, participants' interviews were more often imbued with age-related narratives. This shows the shifting influence of diverse variables (e.g. age, migration, gender), highlighting the importance of adopting an intersectional lens. Moreover, the results point to the dynamic nature of participants' sense of home, both in terms of 'age' (e.g. changing needs) and 'migration' (e.g. changing ethnic identity).

Identify the association between multimorbidity and depressive symptoms (DS) with self-reported health (SRH) and life satisfaction in a national sample of Mexican ≥ 50 years older adults. Data are drawn from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), a cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 involving 14,230 older adults aged 50 years and older living in urban and rural areas of Mexico. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies depression scale (CES-D) and life satisfaction using the Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS), examined both as a categorical and continuous variable. Logistic and Poisson regression analyses were used to assess the association adjusting for confounders. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 25.8%. Age (≥ 65 years) was significantly associated with increased odds of fair/poor SRH [OR = 1.17 (95% CI 1.09-1.27)]. Older adults with multimorbidity and high DS were more likely to present fair/poor SRH [OR = 7.83 (95% CI 6.48-9.45)]. Older adults with multimorbidity and high DS were 37% [RR = 1.37 (95% CI 1.35-1.40)] more likely to present low life satisfaction than those that did not present multimorbidity. Multimorbidity and high DS were found to be associated with fair/poor SRH and low life satisfaction. The early identification of factors related to multimorbidity, DS, and low life satisfaction are important in order to reduce possible complications and improve quality of life.

Parkinson's Disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally, often carries stigma for those affected; however, stigma's impact on PD caregivers is not well understood. This study investigates PD stigma and its interplay with cultural values, as well as explores the role of depressive symptomatology in shaping help-seeking attitudes among individuals with PD and the provision of support by PD caregivers. Using cross-sectional data collected from people living with PD and their caregivers, this study examines how adherence to Asian values influences the link between self-stigma and help-seeking tendencies in PD patients, as well as how affiliate stigma is linked to caregivers' willingness to help. Further, the mediational role of depression was explored. Among Chinese Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients, stronger adherence to Asian values heightens the negative effect of self-stigma on help-seeking from both professional and non-professional sources, with this process mediated by levels of depression. Similarly, caregivers exhibit the influence of affiliate stigma on help provision, which is accentuated by a higher adherence to Asian values; however, depression was not found to be a significant mediator in this context. This study underscores the need for culturally sensitive interventions tailored to Asian PD-affected families, highlighting its significance in both patient and caregiver contexts.

The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a randomized national U.S. telephone survey administered by state health departments. This study aimed to identify how Black/African Americans understand BRFSS caregiver and cognitive decline surveys and terminology to inform health messaging that centers the Black/African American experience. In focus groups, BRFSS surveys were administered to Black/African Americans (n = 30) aged ≥ 45 in Oregon. Participants were asked how they interpreted BRFSS terms 'memory loss' and 'confusion,' how these terms related to Alzheimer's and dementia, and about caregiving and cognitive decline experiences. The culturally responsive Africana Worldview guided interpretation, which centers the Black/African American experience and individuals within interdependent relationships and community identity when explaining behaviors of people from the African diaspora. BRFSS survey responses differed from focus group responses to the same questions. Two participants reported providing care in the past two years on the survey; in discussions, 21 participants reported providing care in the past two years. Interpretations of BRFSS terminology varied greatly. Differences between age-related cognitive changes, dementia and Alzheimer's disease were unclear. Cognitive decline was largely understood in terms of identity loss and relationship changes with the affected individual, and how that individual's relationship changed within community. Caution is advised when using BRFSS data to frame messaging because key cognitive health terms are not universally understood. Messaging that apply the Africana Worldview centralizes relationships and community rather than impact on individual's day-to-day activities, may be more effective for Black/African Americans and for other groups with different cultural and life experiences.

The sexuality of older people was understood as non-existent or as something outside the prevailing norm. In this sense, analysing people's sexual knowledge and attitudes towards older people is a challenge for theory and practice. The aim of this study is to translate and validate the Aging Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Scale (ASKAS) for the Portuguese population. A sample of 994 Portuguese adults (70.9% women, n = 705) completed the ASKAS-PT along with a series of self-report measures. Confirmatory factor analysis and the psychometric properties of the Portuguese (European) version of ASKAS-PT were investigated, particularly reliability, temporal stability, and convergent and critical validity. This study also examined the gender measurement invariance of the ASKAS-PT. After confirmatory factor analysis, a two-factor model fit the Portuguese version best. Reliability and validity results also showed good results, and the ASKAS-PT appears to be a gender-invariant measure. Overall, the Portuguese version of the ASKAS showed good psychometric properties and appears to be a valid and reliable measure for assessing knowledge and attitudes about aging.

Adult daycare centers (ADCs) enable older adults to socialize and enjoy planned group activities while receiving healthcare services. These centers also assist caregivers by empowering them to remain in the workforce. This study aims to explore the challenges in establishing ADCs in Saudi Arabia (SA) from the perspectives of healthcare professionals, healthcare policymakers, older adults, and caregivers. Additionally, this study's objective is to identify the barriers, facilitators, and applicability of ADCs in SA. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured individual interviews. Inductive and deductive thematic analyses were employed to identify common themes regarding the barriers and facilitators to the applicability of ADCs in SA. Five researchers independently examined the transcripts using inductive analysis. Deductive analysis mapped the themes to Campinha-Bacote's cultural competence model. Data were collected from 46 participants, including caregivers, older adults, healthcare professionals, and healthcare policymakers. The findings highlight that the main facilitators to establishing ADCs in SA are the expected positive impact on the psychological and physical well-being of older adults and their caregivers. Conversely, cost and transportation, in addition to cultural considerations are possible barriers. This study identified the perceived benefits of ADCs for older adults and caregivers from a Saudi societal perspective. Thematic analysis showed that ADC's applicability in SA is possible, with some modifications to fit within the Saudi context. Additional efforts are necessary to promote the concepts and services that ADCs provide for older adults and to encourage support for these centers by non-profit organizations and the government.

This study examined the demographic, socioeconomic, health, and well-being of rural-dwelling older Cambodians and identified differentials based on age and gender. The goal is to understand disparities in wealth, health, well-being, and support systems among older adults within the context of Cambodia's history of civil unrest and socio-cultural norms. A regionally representative sample from three northwestern Cambodian provinces was used to evaluate household wealth, economic satisfaction, health, psychological well-being, social support, and a government welfare program. Analysis was conducted to document how these factors differed by age and gender. Significant gender differentials in demographics, well-being, and support systems were observed. Older women outnumbered men and reported lower levels of social support and psychological well-being, potentially influenced by high widowhood rates and gender-linked cultural norms. Education levels were generally low, possibly due to disruption from wars and conflicts. Relative to neighboring countries, the health status of older Cambodians was poor, though no significant gender-based health disparities were identified. There were differences in debt and wealth accumulation among age groups but no variation in welfare support by age or gender. These findings underline the significance of addressing gender disparities and socio-cultural factors affecting older Cambodians. They underscore the need for policy attention toward older women's psychological well-being and support systems, as well as health and social support interventions for the oldest age groups. Future research should investigate these observed patterns, accounting for regional variations and survivor selection bias.

Objective: Neuropsychological assessment among U.S. Arabic-speaking older adults is virtually non-existent due to lack of translated measures and normative data, as well as researchers' limited access to Middle Eastern/Arab Americans. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is the only validated, widely-used dementia screen with Arabic language norms/cutoffs, yet, Arabic MoCA translations vary across countries and studies. We examined utility of a modified translation among Arabic-speaking immigrants in metro-Detroit.

Methods: The Arabic MoCA was modified to reflect consistency with the original English version while remaining meaningful in the Arabic language. The MoCA was then administered to 32 Arabic-speaking adults age 65 + living in metro-Detroit. Eight (25%) had an Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) diagnosis. Each item was standardized and Cronbach's alpha assessed reliability. Ordinary least squares models examined whether an ADRD diagnosis predicts the total MoCA score and each item, adjusting for demographics.

Results: The mean age of the sample was 73 years old. The alpha was acceptably high at 0.87. Bivariate analyses show those with ADRD diagnosis scored lower overall on the MoCA. However, probability of diagnosis and age were confounded in the sample such that in multivariate analyses ADRD diagnosis did not explain additional variation beyond what is explained by age. Orientation, cube-copy test and serial 7s best distinguished those with ADRD.

Conclusion: The modified Arabic language MoCA shows promise distinguishing those with an ADRD diagnosis. This translation provides a resource for neuropsychologists looking for translated tests when working with Arabic-speaking patients in the U.S.

This study aims to develop and validate the content and response processes of a questionnaire intended for caregivers to screen for dysphagia in Brazilian older adults with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and/or vascular dementia. The instrument items were developed in Brazilian Portuguese language based on the theoretical framework. A committee of speech-language-hearing therapists analyzed the relevance, objectivity, clarity, and understandability of the items with the Delphi method. The content validity index cutoff agreement score for experts' answers to validate each item in the questionnaire was 0.78; in the intraclass correlation coefficient, it was 0.75 for all items. For response process validity evidence, the questionnaire was applied to 30 caregivers of older adults with dementia, who judged the clarity and understandability of the items. Each item was validated when understood by at least 95% of participants. The first version of the instrument had 29 items. After two expert assessments, the last version had 24 items. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.85. Only one item needed semantic adjustments in the pre-test. The dysphagia screening instrument applied to caregivers of older adults with dementia was developed with adequate content and response process validity evidence, enabling adjustments in its construct. Future studies will analyze the remaining evidence of validity and reliability.