Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology最新文献

As the global population of older persons continues to increase, the need for improved quality of life and increased life satisfaction has made successful ageing a critical discourse. The concept of successful ageing is subject to socio-cultural interpretations; thus, our study delved into the perspectives of rural older women on the determinants of successful ageing. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 rural older women aged 65 years and above in Awgu Local Government Area, Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria. Data collected were analysed thematically, and findings revealed that positive social and spiritual relationships were the most critical determinants of successful ageing. Access to and utilisation of digital technology to maintain social ties were also recognised as crucial to the successful ageing of rural older women. Thus, interventions towards successful ageing should focus on improving healthy spirituality, positive social relations and improved connection with social ties through increased access to digital technology.

The percentage of older adult immigrants in Canada and the United States is increasing with older adult immigrants from Africa forming a small proportion of the population, but one of the fastest growing groups in the area. Depending on the circumstances leading to the move, migration can be very stressful, especially for older adults. The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize the evidence on the social connectedness of older African immigrants in Canada and the United States. The researchers searched databases including Cochrane Library, BMJ Online, CINAHL, Medline (Ovid), PsycInfo (Ovid), PsycArticles (Ovid), Web of Science, SpringerLINK, CBCA Canadian Business and Current Affairs Database, Academic Search Complete, Sage Journals Online, ABI/Inform, Emerald Fulltext, Expanded Academic ASAP, General OneFile, Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database, Journals@Ovid, JSTOR, Oxford Journals Online, Taylor & Francis Journals, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis Global, and Google Scholar from 2000-2020. Four manuscripts met the search inclusion criteria of published peer-reviewed and unpublished research studies in the English language on aging, older adult, social connectedness, African immigrants, Canada, and the United States. The authors found limited studies on African older adult immigrants' social connectedness in Canada and the United States with dearth of research on the older adults' access to health care, use of smart technology and social media to promote their health and social connectedness which are gaps in the literature that should be researched in the future.

Caregiving by older adults is a common phenomenon, enhanced in the era of HIV infection. This longitudinal study was set up to examine the effect of caregiver age, relationship and mental wellbeing on child (4-13 years) outcomes (psychosocial and cognitive) in a sample of 808 caregiver- child dyads in South Africa and Malawi. Respondents were drawn from consecutive attenders at Community Based Organisations (CBOs) and interviewed with standardised inventories at baseline and followed up 12-15 months later. Analysis focused on three separate aspects of the caregiver; age, relationship to the child, and mental wellbeing, results are stratified with regard to these factors. Results showed that compared to younger caregivers, over 50 years were carrying a heavy load of childcare, but caregiver age for the most part was not associated with child outcomes. Being biologically related to the child (such as biological grandparenting) was also not a significant factor in child outcomes measured. However, irrespective of age and relationship, caregiver mental health was associated with differences in child outcome - those children of caregivers with a greater mental health burden were found to report experiencing more physical and psychologically violent discipline. Over time, the use of violent discipline was found to reduce. These data suggest that older caregivers and grandparents are providing comparable care to younger caregivers, for young children in the face of the HIV epidemic and that interventions should focus on mental health support for all caregivers, irrespective of age or relationship to the child.

Spousal bereavement poses considerable challenges to adults in late life. Some populations, such as older immigrants, may experience heightened negative outcomes as a consequence of spousal bereavement, due to migratory stress and social isolation. Spousal bereavement is culturally embedded as it is related to cultural beliefs and attitudes concerning death and family relationships. However, studies on spousal bereavement or widowhood among older immigrants are extremely limited. This study aims to fill the gap by exploring, via a phenomenological approach, the lived experiences of widowed older Chinese immigrants in Calgary and responding to the question: What are the lived experiences of widowed Chinese older immigrants in coping with their spousal bereavement? With the data drawn from 12 in-depth qualitative interviews, findings were categorized into individual, family, community and societal levels. Study participants experienced long-lasting grief that was private and impacted by their culture and immigration status. Although family and ethno-cultural communities provided various types of supports during participants' widowhood, they did not directly assist them in coping with spousal loss. Most participants did not access social services for bereavement support, more often relying on cultural rituals and faith practices. Findings suggest the need for culturally appropriate bereavement supports and family/community involvement for older immigrant adults who have experienced spousal loss.

Intergenerational relationships have become increasingly crucial for maintaining well-being in aging families. Under a changing sociocultural background, families in Hong Kong increasingly exhibit diverse intergenerational relationships and functioning. Focusing on families with mutiple children, this study investigated how the characteristics of parents and their adult children jointly affect different domains of intergenerational relationship quality. A two-stage stratified random sampling design was adopted. Face-to-face questionnaire interviews were conducted between November 2016 and March 2017 with 1,001 Hong Kong residents aged ≥ 50 years. Data of 612 parents and 1,745 adult children were included for analysis. Hierarchical linear modeling was performed to examine child- and parent-level correlates of intergenerational relationship quality. Parents who were female, were married, had higher self-perceived economic status, owned a house, and had fewer depressive symptoms, exhibited higher intergenerational relationship quality. Parents' age was positively related to affectual closeness, whereas their educational level was negatively related to both affectual closeness and conflict. More favorable intergenerational relationships were reported by aging parents whose adult children were younger, female, and married. Children with higher educational levels exhibited higher levels of both affectual closeness and conflict with their parents. Moreover, affectual closeness was found to be transmitted between generations. The findings can help improve awareness of the factors affecting the different domains of intergenerational relationships, thus informing the development of targeted services and interventions to promote family relationships and well-being.

The CAGE questionnaire is an instrument, proved useful in helping to make a diagnosis of alcoholism. The questions focus on Cutting down, Annoyance by criticism, Guilty feeling, and Eye-openers. The questionnaire has been more pervasive simple tool than AUDIT and LAST scales to screen in busy medical settings where limited time is considered for adult patient interviews. The present study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the CAGE questionnaire in Khuzistan province, Iran and evaluate its role in detecting alcohol-related problems. For this purpose, 382 men with mean age of 65 ± 5 were sampled by cluster-random sampling method in convenience model from the medical centers in eight counties of Khuzistan province during 2019 and they responded to the CAGE questionnaire. The coefficients of Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.82), convergent validity (0.73), divergent validity (-0.06), and criterion validity (0.87) were estimated (ρ < 0.01). The exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the four -items related to the CAGE for the aged samples are organized into one factor, which clarifies 94% of the variance. Based on the results of the second-order confirmatory factor analysis, all factors were matched up well into a principal factor. Finally, the one -factor model was appropriate for the data by using the fit index techniques for adjusting the scale (AGFI = 0.81, TLI = 0.91, GFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.006, IFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.91, CFI = 0.97).The results could prove the well-adjusted reliability and validity of the CAGE and its usefulness for the relevant studies.

Regardless of nation and culture, grandparents have been instrumental in the survival of families and communities as well as the preservation of cultures. This study explored the meaning and roles of grandparenting among Maori grandparents in New Zealand as a possible platform for advancing the conversation on the significance of grandparents in the lives of people across cultures. Participants interviewed included 17 Māori grandparents to great, great grandparents in Aotearoa New Zealand, living in intergenerational homes. A phenomenology approach was used to analyze the data. Five themes were extracted that elucidated the meaning of the roles of grandparenting from the perspective of Māori grandparents: Elders' responsibilities from a cultural perspective; support, resources, and assets; sociopolitical and economic challenges; current state of Elders' and role in family, and benefits and rewards. Implications and recommendations are discussed towards a more systemic and culturally responsive support of grandparents.

Drawing on international research, this article examines and navigates through the existing social gerontological and ethnogerontological literature to assess how Filipino aging is understood within Global North societies. A scoping review was conducted in 2018 and in 2022 to offer key insights into how Filipinos age in both the ancestral homeland and increasingly within Global North diasporas. While the existing literature on Filipino aging does mirror existing ethnogerontological literature, which heavily focuses on indicators of cognitive, physical and mental health, and access and provision to formal services, the Filipino-specific literature calls attention to emerging dynamics distinctly related to transnational aging, and renegotiated caring dynamics within intergenerational Filipino families and kinship networks. This paper considers a future research agenda of the growing realities for aging Filipino communities across Global North contexts.