Just months after the Mississippi Truth Commission’s public launch in 2009, organizers abandoned the Commission despite sufficient funding and growing public support, deciding instead to pursue a statewide oral history project. This study explores why, offering insight into an understudied phenomenon: incomplete truth commissions. Drawing on ethnographic observations, archival documents and interviews with local practitioners, this study highlights several reasons that local organizers changed course. In addition to a shifting cultural context, the Mississippi Truth Commission faced several cognitive challenges. First, local audiences struggled to comprehend the structure and scope of the truth commission model, leading to ‘Transitional Justice 101,’ a perpetual, and ultimately unsuccessful, public education program. Second, local organizers’ visit to South Africa in 2009 cast doubt on the efficacy of truth commissions and caused them to question the metaphoric logic that had constructed Mississippi’s history of racial violence as analogous to South Africa’s, providing implicit justification for the Commission until that point. Thus, alongside economic and political resources, this research suggests that cognitive resources are a critical, and often overlooked, component of truth commissions’ infrastructure. Findings also indicate that incomplete truth commissions can be leveraged to support alternative truth-seeking processes that may be more advantageous in stable democracies.
{"title":"From Truth Commission to Truth Project: The Evolution of Mississippi’s Incomplete Truth Commission, 2005–2010","authors":"Claire Whitlinger","doi":"10.1093/ijtj/ijac017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijac017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Just months after the Mississippi Truth Commission’s public launch in 2009, organizers abandoned the Commission despite sufficient funding and growing public support, deciding instead to pursue a statewide oral history project. This study explores why, offering insight into an understudied phenomenon: incomplete truth commissions. Drawing on ethnographic observations, archival documents and interviews with local practitioners, this study highlights several reasons that local organizers changed course. In addition to a shifting cultural context, the Mississippi Truth Commission faced several cognitive challenges. First, local audiences struggled to comprehend the structure and scope of the truth commission model, leading to ‘Transitional Justice 101,’ a perpetual, and ultimately unsuccessful, public education program. Second, local organizers’ visit to South Africa in 2009 cast doubt on the efficacy of truth commissions and caused them to question the metaphoric logic that had constructed Mississippi’s history of racial violence as analogous to South Africa’s, providing implicit justification for the Commission until that point. Thus, alongside economic and political resources, this research suggests that cognitive resources are a critical, and often overlooked, component of truth commissions’ infrastructure. Findings also indicate that incomplete truth commissions can be leveraged to support alternative truth-seeking processes that may be more advantageous in stable democracies.","PeriodicalId":46927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transitional Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45172747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On 23 November 2021, the former South Korean president, Chun Doo-hwan, died at his home in Seoul less than a month after his successor Roh Tae-woo. Both men were leading figures during a dark period of the country’s military dictatorships. The most egregious example of their authoritarian rule was the killing of hundreds of students and other persons who were protesting against the martial law government in Gwangju in 1980. On the occasion of the deaths of the two former presidents, this article offers an analysis of the events in Gwangju in the context of South Korea’s contemporary history, before examining the criminal justice responses in the 1990s and more recently. In doing so, it presents and analyses the changing role of criminal law in extended periods of transitional justice.
{"title":"The Long Shadows of Gwangju: Transitional Criminal Justice in South Korea","authors":"Moritz Vormbaum","doi":"10.1093/ijtj/ijac016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijac016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 On 23 November 2021, the former South Korean president, Chun Doo-hwan, died at his home in Seoul less than a month after his successor Roh Tae-woo. Both men were leading figures during a dark period of the country’s military dictatorships. The most egregious example of their authoritarian rule was the killing of hundreds of students and other persons who were protesting against the martial law government in Gwangju in 1980. On the occasion of the deaths of the two former presidents, this article offers an analysis of the events in Gwangju in the context of South Korea’s contemporary history, before examining the criminal justice responses in the 1990s and more recently. In doing so, it presents and analyses the changing role of criminal law in extended periods of transitional justice.","PeriodicalId":46927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transitional Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45957254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article positions the Indonesian weekly Thursday silent protests by victims’ families, Aksi Kamisan, as a space of and beyond transitional justice. Analysing Kamisan as repeated, embodied creative acts that reset perceptions, possibilities and imaginations about social belonging, political subjectivity and national identity discloses how authoritarian era affective forces undermine transitional justice and demonstrates the power of alternative temporalities in coming to terms with past violence. ‘Circular time’ brings past and present injustice into the same frame as consistent action extending into the future. Circular time highlights how the time of waiting, uncertainty and lack of justice extends backward and forward connecting past, present and future in the repetition of impunity, and creates community and the space to imagine just futures. Circular time is created by repeated action against impunity in the present and celebrating the perseverance, consistency and agency of victims. Circular time resists the imposition of temporal linearity. Art performed at Kamisan and the act of standing in solidarity engages communities and audiences in a realm of politics and national belonging that is not possible in formal institutions. Over time, these repeated, temporary, inclusive actions can counter still resonant authoritarian era propaganda.
{"title":"Impunity and Transitional Justice in Indonesia: Aksi Kamisan’s Circular Time","authors":"Elizabeth F. Drexler","doi":"10.1093/ijtj/ijac010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijac010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article positions the Indonesian weekly Thursday silent protests by victims’ families, Aksi Kamisan, as a space of and beyond transitional justice. Analysing Kamisan as repeated, embodied creative acts that reset perceptions, possibilities and imaginations about social belonging, political subjectivity and national identity discloses how authoritarian era affective forces undermine transitional justice and demonstrates the power of alternative temporalities in coming to terms with past violence. ‘Circular time’ brings past and present injustice into the same frame as consistent action extending into the future. Circular time highlights how the time of waiting, uncertainty and lack of justice extends backward and forward connecting past, present and future in the repetition of impunity, and creates community and the space to imagine just futures. Circular time is created by repeated action against impunity in the present and celebrating the perseverance, consistency and agency of victims. Circular time resists the imposition of temporal linearity. Art performed at Kamisan and the act of standing in solidarity engages communities and audiences in a realm of politics and national belonging that is not possible in formal institutions. Over time, these repeated, temporary, inclusive actions can counter still resonant authoritarian era propaganda.","PeriodicalId":46927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transitional Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41803644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Politics of Transitional Justice and Corporate Accountability for Atrocities: Options under International Law","authors":"Evelyne Owiye Asaala","doi":"10.1093/ijtj/ijac013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijac013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transitional Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43237225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transitional justice scholarship has produced a significant volume of valuable knowledge. However, there remains a challenge in transferring this knowledge to non-experts, such as students of academic programs that are not centered around the issue of TJ. It is an important challenge from the perspective of the interdisciplinary field, which should be interested in popularizing its scholarship and engaging representatives of related disciplines to engage in TJ-related research. In this article, I claim that serious games can be used to address this problem. I present a concise review of the literature devoted to the application of serious games in the social sciences, focusing specifically on the application of serious games for didactic purposes. Then, I present a game designed to tackle the challenge mentioned, which presents non-experts with TJ-associated dilemmas inspired by real-life situations and thereby demonstrates the importance of existing knowledge for solving such dilemmas.
{"title":"Game-based Learning: Introducing the Subject of Transitional Justice through a Serious Game","authors":"Igor Lyubashenko","doi":"10.1093/ijtj/ijac012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijac012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Transitional justice scholarship has produced a significant volume of valuable knowledge. However, there remains a challenge in transferring this knowledge to non-experts, such as students of academic programs that are not centered around the issue of TJ. It is an important challenge from the perspective of the interdisciplinary field, which should be interested in popularizing its scholarship and engaging representatives of related disciplines to engage in TJ-related research. In this article, I claim that serious games can be used to address this problem. I present a concise review of the literature devoted to the application of serious games in the social sciences, focusing specifically on the application of serious games for didactic purposes. Then, I present a game designed to tackle the challenge mentioned, which presents non-experts with TJ-associated dilemmas inspired by real-life situations and thereby demonstrates the importance of existing knowledge for solving such dilemmas.","PeriodicalId":46927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transitional Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42746142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Justice as Resistance: How Post-Arab Spring Experiences Are Reshaping the Global Transitional Justice Landscape","authors":"Habib Nassar","doi":"10.1093/ijtj/ijac009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijac009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transitional Justice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41402546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to: Democratizing Truth: An Analysis of Truth Commissions in the United States","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ijtj/ijab033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijab033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transitional Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41888716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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