{"title":"Price Competition and the Effects of Labour Unions on Innovation","authors":"D. Basak","doi":"10.1628/JITE-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/JITE-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"113 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80575962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulating Executive Pay: Incentive Contracts and Nonbinding Bonus Caps","authors":"Marcus Dittrich, Silvio Städter","doi":"10.1628/jite-2020-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2020-0045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"155 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88205988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Are you Injurer or Victim? Liability for Accidents under Role-Type Uncertainty","authors":"Nuno Garoupa","doi":"10.1628/jite-2021-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2021-0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67506586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prosecution and Conviction under Hindsight-Biased Information Updating in Adversary Legal Systems","authors":"Robin Christmann","doi":"10.1628/jite-2021-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2021-0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67506677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When the accident is a mystery — when it is not clear what happened — courts often rely on stacked inferences. Such inferences are subject to much debate and are even prohibited by some jurisdictions. This Article reveals that the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur (“the thing speaks for itself”) is a form of stacked inferences and that despite its affiliation, it has been widely accepted. The Article further shows that application of res ipsa loquitur in cases involving multiple actors can adversely affect precaution and activity levels. It concludes with a call for a careful application of res ipsa loquitur in cases involving multiple actors.
{"title":"Multiple Causes and Stacked Inferences","authors":"J. S. Dillbary","doi":"10.1628/jite-2020-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2020-0009","url":null,"abstract":"When the accident is a mystery — when it is not clear what happened — courts often rely on stacked inferences. Such inferences are subject to much debate and are even prohibited by some jurisdictions. This Article reveals that the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur (“the thing speaks for itself”) is a form of stacked inferences and that despite its affiliation, it has been widely accepted. The Article further shows that application of res ipsa loquitur in cases involving multiple actors can adversely affect precaution and activity levels. It concludes with a call for a careful application of res ipsa loquitur in cases involving multiple actors.","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43266782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examine theoretically and experimentally the implications of trust arising under sequential and simultaneous designs, where one player makes an investment choice, and another player decides whether to share the investment gains. We show analytically that in some cases the sequential design may be outperformed by the simultaneous design. In an experiment we find that the investment levels and sharing rates are higher in the sequential design, but there are no corresponding differences in beliefs. We conjecture that this happens because in the sequential design substantially more trust is necessary to induce cooperation. Our data strongly support this conjecture.
{"title":"Sequential versus Simultaneous Trust","authors":"Till O. Gross, Maroš Servátka, Radovan Vadovič","doi":"10.1628/jite-2020-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2020-0033","url":null,"abstract":"We examine theoretically and experimentally the implications of trust arising under sequential and simultaneous designs, where one player makes an investment choice, and another player decides whether to share the investment gains. We show analytically that in some cases the sequential design may be outperformed by the simultaneous design. In an experiment we find that the investment levels and sharing rates are higher in the sequential design, but there are no corresponding differences in beliefs. We conjecture that this happens because in the sequential design substantially more trust is necessary to induce cooperation. Our data strongly support this conjecture.","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"76 1","pages":"446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79966006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Competition between For-Profit and Nonprofit Health Care Providers and Quality","authors":"Rune Stenbacka, M. Tombak","doi":"10.1628/jite-2020-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2020-0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"96 1","pages":"243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78010607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Age on Nationality Bias and Cultural Proximity Bias: Evidence from Ski-Jumping","authors":"Hendrik Scholten, Sandra Schneemann, C. Deutscher","doi":"10.1628/jite-2020-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2020-0040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"15 1","pages":"708"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90166788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Countries often choose collective approaches resulting in the unification of the legal rules of individual countries. However, in simple standard games of legal harmonization, standard cooperative approaches of analysis are unable to reproduce any collective choice leading to legal unification. We call this dissonance the paradox of unification. We study if some modifications in assumptions about preferences or cooperative solution concepts can solve this paradox. While the introduction of social preferences or of a Kantian concept of equilibrium doesn’t resolve the paradox, legal unification can be a Berge equilibrium of this legal standardization game. JEL Classification: C71, K40, N40.
{"title":"The Paradox of Legal Unification","authors":"B. Crettez, Olivier Musy","doi":"10.1628/jite-2020-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2020-0047","url":null,"abstract":"Countries often choose collective approaches resulting in the unification of the legal rules of individual countries. However, in simple standard games of legal harmonization, standard cooperative approaches of analysis are unable to reproduce any collective choice leading to legal unification. We call this dissonance the paradox of unification. We study if some modifications in assumptions about preferences or cooperative solution concepts can solve this paradox. While the introduction of social preferences or of a Kantian concept of equilibrium doesn’t resolve the paradox, legal unification can be a Berge equilibrium of this legal standardization game. JEL Classification: C71, K40, N40.","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86806167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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