Countries often choose collective approaches resulting in the unification of the legal rules of individual countries. However, in simple standard games of legal harmonization, standard cooperative approaches of analysis are unable to reproduce any collective choice leading to legal unification. We call this dissonance the paradox of unification. We study if some modifications in assumptions about preferences or cooperative solution concepts can solve this paradox. While the introduction of social preferences or of a Kantian concept of equilibrium doesn’t resolve the paradox, legal unification can be a Berge equilibrium of this legal standardization game. JEL Classification: C71, K40, N40.
{"title":"The Paradox of Legal Unification","authors":"B. Crettez, Olivier Musy","doi":"10.1628/jite-2020-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2020-0047","url":null,"abstract":"Countries often choose collective approaches resulting in the unification of the legal rules of individual countries. However, in simple standard games of legal harmonization, standard cooperative approaches of analysis are unable to reproduce any collective choice leading to legal unification. We call this dissonance the paradox of unification. We study if some modifications in assumptions about preferences or cooperative solution concepts can solve this paradox. While the introduction of social preferences or of a Kantian concept of equilibrium doesn’t resolve the paradox, legal unification can be a Berge equilibrium of this legal standardization game. JEL Classification: C71, K40, N40.","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86806167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiple Causes and Stacked Inferences","authors":"U. Schweizer","doi":"10.1628/jite-2020-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2020-0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67506568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Variation with Risk-Averse Buyers and Demand Uncertainty","authors":"O. Gorelkina","doi":"10.1628/jite-2020-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2020-0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"41 1","pages":"204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79541561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three Concepts of Probabilistic Causation in the Law","authors":"D. Canale","doi":"10.1628/jite-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"44 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73919446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Voting Games: An Experimental Investigation","authors":"F. Bolle, Philipp E Otto","doi":"10.1628/jite-2020-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2020-0030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"10 1","pages":"496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73932938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper considers, in a principal-agent framework, whether or not providing interim performance evaluations is more efficient when agents can manipulate the very performance reports by which they are evaluated. Providing interim performance evaluation introduces possible dependence of subsequent strategies on interim reports. Such dependence, while alleviating previous-period incentive compatibility constraints, also increases the (expected) later-period performance manipulation costs. The first effect provides a risk-sharing benefit whereas the second effect increases the expected compensation cost to the agent (in utilities). Correspondingly, providing interim performance evaluation is better when the manager is sufficiently risk-averse so that the risk-reduction effect dominates.
{"title":"Are Interim Performance Evaluations Optimal when the Evaluations are Subject to Manipulation","authors":"Xu Jiang","doi":"10.1628/JITE-2021-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/JITE-2021-0006","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers, in a principal-agent framework, whether or not providing interim performance evaluations is more efficient when agents can manipulate the very performance reports by which they are evaluated. Providing interim performance evaluation introduces possible dependence of subsequent strategies on interim reports. Such dependence, while alleviating previous-period incentive compatibility constraints, also increases the (expected) later-period performance manipulation costs. The first effect provides a risk-sharing benefit whereas the second effect increases the expected compensation cost to the agent (in utilities). Correspondingly, providing interim performance evaluation is better when the manager is sufficiently risk-averse so that the risk-reduction effect dominates.","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"23 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82158588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To limit the loss of competitiveness when domestic firms are subject to stronger regulation than international competitors, a cap-and-trade policy can be associated either with partial grandfathering or with border adjustment. We compare the two policies from a domestic social-welfare point of view when distributional concerns matter. We exhibit the conditions under which these policies have to be implemented, and we show that exportside border adjustment welfare-dominates partial grandfathering. However, the former policy results in a higher profit in the export sector but both a lower consumer surplus and lower profits of domestic-market-oriented firms.
{"title":"Pollution Permit Market and International Trade-Exposed Sector: Differentiated Allocations versus Border Adjustment","authors":"M. Mougeot, Florence Naegelen","doi":"10.1628/jite-2020-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2020-0031","url":null,"abstract":"To limit the loss of competitiveness when domestic firms are subject to stronger regulation than international competitors, a cap-and-trade policy can be associated either with partial grandfathering or with border adjustment. We compare the two policies from a domestic social-welfare point of view when distributional concerns matter. We exhibit the conditions under which these policies have to be implemented, and we show that exportside border adjustment welfare-dominates partial grandfathering. However, the former policy results in a higher profit in the export sector but both a lower consumer surplus and lower profits of domestic-market-oriented firms.","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"40 1","pages":"473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85653602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes interdependences between optimal trade policy and preferred liability doctrine to assess infringement damages, when intellectual property rights are probabilistic, in a model of import competition between a foreign patentee and a domestic infringer. It shows two reversal results. First, a regime switch from protectionism to free trade reverses stakeholders' preferences over liability doctrines. Second, the optimal trade policy changes from an import tariff under the lost-profit rule to import subsidization under the unjust-enrichment rule, unless the patent is weak. It is found that free trade is not optimal, except for a few knife-edge cases.
{"title":"Probabilistic Patents, Alternative Damage Rules, and Optimal Tariffs","authors":"Apurva Dey, A. Kaushik, Rupayan Pal","doi":"10.1628/JITE-2020-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/JITE-2020-0001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes interdependences between optimal trade policy and preferred liability doctrine to assess infringement damages, when intellectual property rights are probabilistic, in a model of import competition between a foreign patentee and a domestic infringer. It shows two reversal results. First, a regime switch from protectionism to free trade reverses stakeholders' preferences over liability doctrines. Second, the optimal trade policy changes from an import tariff under the lost-profit rule to import subsidization under the unjust-enrichment rule, unless the patent is weak. It is found that free trade is not optimal, except for a few knife-edge cases.","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"6 1","pages":"276-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73241358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiple Causes and Stacked Inferences","authors":"F. Parisi","doi":"10.1628/jite-2020-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2020-0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67506559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Life you do Not Save: Reflections on the Causal Element in the Notion of a Decision's Consequences","authors":"J. Reiss","doi":"10.1628/jite-2020-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2020-0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67506721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：