While overlapping ownership among rival firms has usually been thought of as anticompetitive, we find that it may improve consumer and social welfare when its effect on advertising is incorporated. In a differentiated duopoly, this paper analyzes the firms' price and advertising strategies in the presence of overlapping ownership. Despite its price-enhancing effect, overlapping ownership causes the firms to advertise more, and in equilibrium more consumers make a purchase. The firms earn higher profits, and, under certain conditions, consumer and total social welfare are greater than in the case of independent ownership.
{"title":"Advertising and Price Competition in the Presence of Overlapping Ownership","authors":"Changying Li, Jianhu Zhang, Youping Li","doi":"10.1628/jite-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"While overlapping ownership among rival firms has usually been thought of as anticompetitive, we find that it may improve consumer and social welfare when its effect on advertising is incorporated. In a differentiated duopoly, this paper analyzes the firms' price and advertising strategies in the presence of overlapping ownership. Despite its price-enhancing effect, overlapping ownership causes the firms to advertise more, and in equilibrium more consumers make a purchase. The firms earn higher profits, and, under certain conditions, consumer and total social welfare are greater than in the case of independent ownership.","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67506744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I present a model for consumer boycotts. The more a firm complies with consumers’ wishes, the higher its marginal cost, but the lower the probability of facing a consumer boycott. I show that the threat of a consumer boycott can increase the expected profits of firms. Firms lose out when they do face a boycott, but gain even more when their competitor does, giving them more market power. The stronger a boycott will be, the more a firm will cater to consumers’ wishes. Yet, the effect of more competition is ambiguous. jel Classification Codes: L13, D72.
{"title":"The Competitive Effects of Consumer Boycotts","authors":"M. Haan","doi":"10.1628/jite-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"I present a model for consumer boycotts. The more a firm complies with consumers’ wishes, the higher its marginal cost, but the lower the probability of facing a consumer boycott. I show that the threat of a consumer boycott can increase the expected profits of firms. Firms lose out when they do face a boycott, but gain even more when their competitor does, giving them more market power. The stronger a boycott will be, the more a firm will cater to consumers’ wishes. Yet, the effect of more competition is ambiguous. jel Classification Codes: L13, D72.","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67507385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Tragedy of the Common Holdings: Coordinated Manager Compensation and Price Competition","authors":"Werner Neus, M. Stadler","doi":"10.1628/jite-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67507487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Duopoly of Strategic CSR Firms","authors":"","doi":"10.1628/jite-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67506900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Do Bureaucratic Budget Competition and Collective Bargaining Affect the Share of Temporary Employment?","authors":"M. Santoni","doi":"10.1628/jite-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67507429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender Differences in the Pursuit of Prestige in Charitable Giving: An Experiment","authors":"Jingping Li, Yohanes E. Riyanto","doi":"10.1628/jite-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67506781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do Higher Public Wages Reduce Corruption? The Force of Redistributive Norms","authors":"R. Haagsma","doi":"10.1628/jite-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67507087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Michael Smith, Nicholas Goldrosen, M. Ciocanel, Rebecca Santorella, C. Topaz, Shilad Sen
Studying 380,000 criminal cases in federal district courts from 2006 to 2019, we replicate previous findings that aggregate, conditional racial disparities in sentence lengths are large. We further show that estimated racial disparities in sentencing vary considerably across judges. Results suggest that judges assign white defendants sentences that are conditionally 13% shorter than Black defendants’ and 19% shorter than Hispanic defendants’, on average. A judge who is one standard deviation above average in terms of estimated Black-white disparity gives Black defendants sentences that are conditionally 39% longer than white defendants’, compared to the average disparity of 13%. A judge who is one standard deviation above average in terms of estimated Hispanic-white disparity gives Hispanic defendants sentences that are conditionally 49% longer than white defendants’, compared to the average disparity of 19%.
{"title":"Racial Disparities in Criminal Sentencing Vary Considerably across Federal Judges","authors":"Christian Michael Smith, Nicholas Goldrosen, M. Ciocanel, Rebecca Santorella, C. Topaz, Shilad Sen","doi":"10.31235/osf.io/j2gbn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/j2gbn","url":null,"abstract":"Studying 380,000 criminal cases in federal district courts from 2006 to 2019, we replicate previous findings that aggregate, conditional racial disparities in sentence lengths are large. We further show that estimated racial disparities in sentencing vary considerably across judges. Results suggest that judges assign white defendants sentences that are conditionally 13% shorter than Black defendants’ and 19% shorter than Hispanic defendants’, on average. A judge who is one standard deviation above average in terms of estimated Black-white disparity gives Black defendants sentences that are conditionally 39% longer than white defendants’, compared to the average disparity of 13%. A judge who is one standard deviation above average in terms of estimated Hispanic-white disparity gives Hispanic defendants sentences that are conditionally 49% longer than white defendants’, compared to the average disparity of 19%.","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42840123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rich and Poor: On the Emergence of a Sanctioning Institution","authors":"A. Alventosa, G. Olcina","doi":"10.1628/jite-2020-0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2020-0050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"30 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81423650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender Diversity and Productive Signaling in the Workplace","authors":"Ferdinand A. von Siemens","doi":"10.1628/jite-2021-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2021-0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67506637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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