Social Work in Public Health最新文献

This descriptive study was aimed at identifying the anxiety levels of Turkish people in the first three months of the pandemic, the coping methods they use to control this anxiety, and their knowledge and behavior about protection and prevention against COVID-19. The data were collected from 571 individuals. Of the individuals, 84.6% had anxiety. The anxiety levels of those who kept working during the pandemic were significantly higher than were the anxiety levels of those who did not (p < .05). The participants experienced a moderate level of anxiety, and they mostly used relaxation techniques, music therapy, and prayer/worship to cope with anxiety. The knowledge level of the individuals about COVID-19 was moderate.

Hygienic measures practiced at home are highly related to the occurrence of food-borne diseases during food production, storage, and handling. Contaminated food remains a major cause of several diarrheal diseases, hospitalizations, and spikes in medical expenses. In our current study, we aimed to assess the knowledge of food safety and the food safety and hygiene practices at home among the Lebanese population. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire including two sections. The first section included socio-demographic characteristics of participants, whereas the second section included questions related to practices and knowledge about food safety, divided into five parts; personal hygiene practices, dry and cold storage, sanitizing and cleaning and food intoxication. A total of 1101 Lebanese above 18 years participated and provided their responses to the questionnaire. Overall, the majority of participants had fair knowledge about food safety where 96.8% of the participants answered correctly about preventing microbial growth on food. 77.9% of those participants acquired their knowledge about food safety from articles, workshops, or the internet. Moreover, females, people with children and those who cook for themselves scored significantly higher than others (68.8, 70.6, and 70%, respectively). In comparison to younger participants (67.8%), older participants (50+ and 30-49) scored higher at 69.7% and 68.9%, respectively. Higher scores were obtained for questions related to storing dried foods/meat and poultry products with percentages 91.4 and 87.8%, respectively. However, lower scores were noticed on questions related to washing raw chicken before handling and storing eggs (9.7 and 12.3%, respectively). Altogether, our results revealed the need for directed food safety awareness campaigns at the national level to educate the Lebanese community about domestic food handling practices. We believe these campaigns can significantly reduce related diseases and hospitalizations.

The aim of the study is to determine the level of price that individuals living in Türkiye are willing to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, the study also aims to identify the socioeconomic factors affecting that level of WTP. The data is collected via a virtually applied questionnaire. Probit estimations are employed to determine the level of price that is willing to be paid. Further, the socioeconomic factors affecting the revealed WTP level are identified with an ordered-probit estimation strategy. The average price level that the participants are willing to pay for two doses of a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine which immunes for 12 months is ₺316.93 ($42.66). Higher education groups, public employees, married people, and urban individuals are more likely to pay at higher price levels of hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine. Interestingly, the individuals living with a pregnant woman or a baby, the ones who experienced severe COVID-19 disease and the ones who already decided to be vaccinated are more likely to pay at relatively low-price levels. This study may contribute to broader literature as it will provide evidence from Türkiye for international comparisons.

This study's purpose was to explore the current models and approaches of pregnancy options counseling across three types of agency settings in a Northeastern state. Additionally, this study aimed to determine if individuals who receive pregnancy options counseling obtained medically factual, non-directive, and non-biased information needed to make informed decisions related to their pregnancy decisions. Using qualitative research methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants across three different agency settings in one state in the Northeastern United States. Results indicated agencies shared a definition of pregnancy options counseling. Outcomes also suggest agency type impacted how pregnancy options counseling was delivered, as variations were found in education provided to patients. Lastly, the interviews imply no standardized model or training for pregnancy options counselors is currently being used.

College student mental health issues negatively impact academic performance. Over half of college students in the U.S. report a mental health issue, with 60% reporting one at the two-year mark. Even when aware of such mental health issues, students are still hesitant to seek treatment. As such, investigating perceptions of mental health time off may illuminate perceived usefulness of such policies as well as potential processes for defining and implementing such policies. This study sought to answer the question, "What are the perspectives of time-off for mental health?" Using Reddit's responses, this study extracted (N = 392) quotes and used thematic analysis to identify four main themes. Implications include the need for school-level mental health time-off policies or integration of instructors' policies into their syllabi for transparency to students, which may alleviate student stress and further stigmatization.

Although studies have investigated and found an association between adverse childhood experiences and poor health and mental health outcomes, there is a dearth of studies investigating the association between adverse childhood experiences and unmet health care needs among children. The objective of this study is to examine the association between adverse childhood experiences and unmet health care needs after adjusting for predisposing, enabling, and need factors of health care service utilization. Data for this study came from the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health. An analytic sample of 46,081 children (51.3% males; average age 11.5 years) was analyzed using negative binomial regression. Based on parent reports, about 3.5% of children had unmet health care needs, and half (50%) of the sample had experienced at least one childhood adversity. Controlling for other factors, children who experienced three or more childhood adversities had 4.51 times higher odds of having unmet health care needs (AOR = 4.51, p < .001, 95% CI = 3.15-6.45) when compared to their counterparts with no childhood adversity. Children with parents who have someone to turn to for everyday emotional support were 31% less likely to have unmet health care needs (AOR = .69, p < .01, 95% CI = .54-.89). Adverse childhood experiences have a detrimental effect on unmet health care needs. The findings of this study offer an important opportunity for further research on how best to prevent adverse childhood experiences and mitigate their impact on families.

In an effort to address social determinants of health and to reduce barriers to care, there have been increased attempts to understand and mitigate public health concerns in ethnic minority communities. As knowledge increases regarding the impact of health disparities on ethnic minority communities, social workers practice knowledge must expand to include intersectional approaches and methods that are inclusive of mechanisms that address inconsistencies in access to health care. Using the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), this study examined behavioral health and psychosocial risk factors that African American and Latinx women (n = 7008) experienced and identified how these factors are associated with self-reported overall health. Results indicated that overall health and wellbeing is linked to psychosocial risk factors, such as depression, substance use, and even age for African American and Latinx women.

Obtaining information about women's use of digital media, their behavior in acquiring health information in the digital environment and their level of health literacy will fill an important gap in the literature. This research was conducted to examine the digital media use and health literacy levels of women in Turkey. The population of the research was the female population between the ages of 20-60 in Turkey in 2020, and the sample consisted of 404 women in this age range. The data of this analytical-cross-sectional study were collected online with the Personal Information Form and the Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32. It was determined that 83.9% of the women participating in the study used digital media and 82.9% of them obtained health information in the digital environment. In the categorical score distribution of the scale, it was determined that the health literacy level of 48.8% of women was insufficient, 26.2% problematic/limited, 19.8% sufficient and 5.2% excellent. A significant relationship was determined between women's health literacy level and age, marital status, education level, employment status, perception of income level, place of residence, use of digital media and duration of use (p < .05). We concluded that majority of women in Turkey use digital media, obtain health information in the digital environment and have low health literacy levels.