Social Work in Public Health最新文献

Though health insurance policies remain critical to eliminating healthcare access barriers, population-wide subscription in Ghana however remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, this study, while employing a questionnaire survey to elicit data (n= 312) analyzed via the structural equation modeling technique, investigates individual health insurance subscription underpinnings using the theory of planned behavior. The results of data analysis affirmed attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control as positively related to health insurance subscription. Similarly, results further revealed personal norm and descriptive norm as significantly related to intention, testifying to individuals' subscription as not anchored on a single factor, but rather on a confluence of behavior-driven elements. The current study, in addition to affirming the TPB's predictive potency, also enriches health insurance research, and underscores the much often-disregarded behavior constituents as imperative to health policy design and implementation. In view of the study results, implications for augmenting subscription, and suggestions for further research are subsequently delineated.

This study investigated the experiences and views of adult people living in Turkey about the changes in their usual life during the pandemic, the effects of these changes, difficulties they had, and ways of coping with these difficulties. The study adopted a qualitative design within the scope of the phenomenological approach. The study sample consisted of 449 adults. The findings showed that the changes due to the pandemic were divided into eight categories that included social life, work-life, daily routines, emotions, school life, economy, and cognitive and physiological changes. The participants reported both positive and negative effects of these changes in terms of emotions, cognition, work and school life, physiology, and social life. In the pandemic process, the participants were found to have difficulties in emotions, social life, work-life and economy, physiology, and daily routines. To cope with these difficulties, the participants were found to demonstrate various emotion-focused, problem-focused, and appraisal-focused behaviors.

Although extensive documentation of the health disparities experienced by Native American peoples exists, little research explores experiences of members of non-federally recognized tribes who receive health care outside of the Indian Health Services (IHS) system. Additionally, positive factors that influence relationships between health care providers and tribal members are understudied and are needed to promote health care access. A qualitative descriptive methodologic approach was used to conduct semi structured life history interviews with 31 women who identified as members of a state-recognized, Gulf South Native American tribe. Results identified the following important themes: Do Participants Have a Regular Provider, Personal Relationship With Provider, Feel Provider Cares, Provider Addresses Concern, and Respect for Traditional or Holistic Medicine. These findings suggest health care providers play an important role in impacting the health care experiences of Native American tribal members. Implications for trainings for health care providers are discussed.

Though Community Asset Mapping (CAM) has been widely used in community-development and applied to public health interventions, little has been done to synthesize the current state of this approach. This paper reports the findings from a scoping review of research where CAM was applied to public health practice and research initiatives. We identified and reviewed 28 articles featuring studies that used asset mapping for public health purposes. Overall, we found that the purpose and methods related to asset mapping varied widely across studies. Given the potential benefits of asset mapping and its relevance to social work principles, researchers and public health professionals should approach asset mapping with the same level of attention, rigor, and ethics as other research methodologies or intervention design. There is an obligation to engage in asset mapping in ways that promote our ethical principles of service, dignity, integrity, and competence.

Health regulations to constrain the progress of the pandemic such as lockdowns, curfews, and quarantines made radical alterations in every aspect of individuals' lives, causing significant impact on their mental health and well-being. The current study aimed to examine whether there are significant differences in participants' sociodemographic variables in reported cases of depression, anxiety, and stress among women who lived in Kuwait during the curfew and lockdown caused by COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a cross-sectional method. A nonrandom sample of 596 participants was recruited. The current study found that women at higher risk of reporting more incidents of depression, anxiety, and stress during the lockdown and curfew were from the older age group above 50 years old, hold higher educational certificates, and own private businesses. High rates of reported depression and anxiety were detected significantly among Kuwaiti women. The findings of this study reveal the significant impact of an uncomfortable and distressful environment during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may negatively affected individuals' mental health and generated diverse forms of psychosocial illness.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of socioeconomic factors on fruit and vegetable consumption in the households of Pakistan. Secondary data were used from a national-level survey, i.e. "Household Integrated Income and Consumption Survey" (HIICS) 2015-2016 published by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. A total of 11,187 households were included in the final analysis. Quantile regression models were applied to investigate the association between socioeconomic factors and the consumption of fruit and vegetable. More than half of the households in the sample did not meet the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended criteria for fruit and vegetable consumption, which is 400 g/day/capita. According to the quantile regression model, household income is an important factor in increasing fruit and vegetable intake because an increase in income leads to a greater likelihood of spending on healthy and nutritious foods. The increased consumption of fruit and vegetable was caused by the household head's high education, which created multiple resources to increase income. Households in two provinces, i.e. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan, have a greater impact on fruit and vegetable consumption than other provinces due to natural resource availability. Household size and dependency ratio hurt the consumption of fruit and vegetable because women and children are not able to do work. These results are very useful because a better understanding of the socioeconomic characteristics associated with fruit and vegetable intake could improve the effectiveness of policies aimed at increasing fruit and vegetable consumption and reducing the risk of chronic diseases.

Emotional stress is a common problem for many professionals in dementia care. Although a plethora of quantitative studies have examined the factors that affect care professionals' emotional stress, little qualitative research has provided in-depth understanding of professional stress experiences. To magnify the voices of professionals who share their experiences of stress in caring for older adults with dementia, a qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis of five qualitative studies was conducted. Guided by Pearlin's stress process model, four themes were identified: (1) emotional attachments to older adults with dementia; (2) difficulties in dementia care; (3) stressful working environment; and (4) conflicts with family members of older adults with dementia. Findings further highlighted that professionals' genuine concern for the well-being of older adults with dementia reinforced the perception of stressors identified in each of the preceding themes. These results could inform the improvements of emotional support for care professionals in practice and policy arenas.

Social workers play an integral role in hospitals, particularly as it relates to improving patient outcomes. This scoping review was conducted to explore the impact of social work interventions in hospital settings on healthcare utilization. Research literature was identified using the following search engines: PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, SocINDEX & MEDLINE. The initial search was conducted in May 2019, and an updated search was conducted in April 2021. Search results identified 2633 references and 110 articles met criteria for full-text review. Eighteen articles were included in the final review. Social work interventions include transitional care (56%), care coordination (22%), behavioral health (17%) and case management (5%). Significant improvements to readmission, mortality and utilizations rates are reported in over 80% of the studies, however the vast majority are non-randomized quantitative studies. More rigorous studies are needed to expand the literature and further evaluate the effectiveness of social work interventions in hospital settings.

There is a high prevalence of children whose parents suffer with a substance use disorder (SUD), which is associated with negative outcomes for children such as behavior problems and parents' child abuse potential. To understand negative consequences for children, it is important to consider a cumulative risk model, examining the impact of multiple co-occurring risks, as well as examine unique singular risk factors, such as parenting stress, which may have a direct effect on outcomes as well as mediate an association between cumulative risk and outcomes. Data came from 99 mothers with SUD, engaged in a substance treatment program. Results found support for a cumulative risk model for child behavior problems and parents' child abuse potential, without the inclusion of parenting stress. However, parenting stress partially and fully mediated the relation between cumulative risk and child behavior problems and cumulative risk and parent child abuse potential, respectively. Results suggest the importance of intervention programs targeting parenting stress, to help reduce child behavior problems and parents' child abuse potential, among parents with high levels of risk and SUD.