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New Research on the “Kings of Metal”: Systems of Social Distinction in the Copper Age of Southeastern Europe “金属之王”的新研究:东南欧铜器时代的社会区分制度
IF 3.8 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10814-019-09132-x
F. Klimscha
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引用次数: 4
The Political Agency of Royal Women: A Comparative Analysis of Eight Premodern States According to Societal Rules and Roles 王室女性的政治代理:八个前现代国家的社会规则和角色比较分析
IF 3.8 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10814-019-09131-y
P. Sabloff
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引用次数: 3
Advances in City-State Research, with an Example from Mesoamerica 城邦研究进展——以中美洲为例
IF 3.8 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-03-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10814-019-09130-z
Stephen A. Kowalewski
The last 20 years have seen advances in the understanding of city-states, especially in ancient Greece, where textual information fuels new theories about institutions and the ancient economy. Archaeological research makes significant contributions with data comparable across multiple city-states on settlement patterns, urban and rural development, political and ritual activities, and other materializations of institutionalized behavior. Using a new corpus of 74 city-states from Oaxaca, Mexico, I show that city-states differ from one another in patterned ways, and I argue that this variation depends on internal factors such as the social mode of production and external factors including place in regional and interregional exchange.
在过去的20年里,人们对城邦的理解取得了进步,尤其是在古希腊,那里的文本信息为有关制度和古代经济的新理论提供了动力。考古研究对多个城邦在定居模式、城乡发展、政治和仪式活动以及其他制度化行为的物化方面的可比数据做出了重大贡献。我使用来自墨西哥瓦哈卡州的74个城邦的新语料库,展示了城邦之间的模式差异,我认为这种差异取决于内部因素,如社会生产方式和外部因素,包括区域和区域间交换的位置。
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引用次数: 11
The Innovation and Adoption of Iron in the Ancient Near East 古代近东地区对铁器的发明和采用
IF 3.8 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-02-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10814-019-09129-6
N. Erb-Satullo
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引用次数: 46
Extracting Insights from Prehistoric Andean Metallurgy: Political Organization, Interregional Connections, and Ritual Meanings 从史前安第斯冶金中提取见解:政治组织,区域间联系和仪式意义
IF 3.8 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10814-019-09128-7
Colleen Zori
Metal production in the prehistoric Andes entailed an array of political, economic, and ritual relationships that are increasingly the focus of archaeological investigation. One theme directing recent research is the link between metallurgy and political organization, including the origins of metal production, its relationship to sociopolitical complexity, and how shifts in the organization of metal production reflect and shape diachronic political transformations. A second theme is the use of metals to identify and interrogate interregional connections. Patterns in the circulation of different alloys and metal isotopes, as well as the transfer of technology, provide insight into the shifting constellations of economic and political connections maintained by prehispanic Andean populations. A final theme is ritual and meaning in Andean metallurgy, where I explore how the stages of mining, extractive metallurgy, and the production of metal objects added multivalent layers of meaning and value to metal artifacts. Operating in distinct ways across time and space, metallurgy in the ancient Andes could stimulate political complexity, drive geopolitical expansion and the integration of new subject populations, differentiate individuals and groups, connect people to one another and to the landscape, and harness the power of the numinous.
史前安第斯山脉的金属生产涉及一系列政治、经济和仪式关系,这些关系日益成为考古调查的重点。指导最近研究的一个主题是冶金学与政治组织之间的联系,包括金属生产的起源,其与社会政治复杂性的关系,以及金属生产组织的变化如何反映和塑造历时性的政治变革。第二个主题是使用金属来识别和询问区域间的联系。不同合金和金属同位素的流通模式,以及技术转让,提供了对安第斯地区前西班牙人维持的经济和政治联系的变化格局的洞察。最后一个主题是安第斯冶金的仪式和意义,在这里我探讨了采矿、提取冶金和金属制品生产的各个阶段是如何为金属制品增加多层意义和价值的。古代安第斯山脉的冶金以不同的方式在不同的时间和空间中运作,可以刺激政治复杂性,推动地缘政治扩张和新主体群体的整合,区分个人和群体,将人们彼此联系起来,与景观联系起来,并利用超自然的力量。
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引用次数: 13
Finding a Place for Networks in Archaeology 在考古学中为网络寻找一席之地
IF 3.8 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-02-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10814-019-09127-8
Matthew A. Peeples
Formal network analyses have a long history in archaeology but have recently seen a rapid florescence. Network models drawing on approaches from graph theory, social network analysis, and complexity science have been used to address a broad array of questions about the relationships among network structure, positions, and the attributes and outcomes for individuals and larger groups at a range of social scales. Current archaeological network research is both methodologically and theoretically diverse, but there are still many daunting challenges ahead for the formal exploration of social networks using archaeological data. If we can face these challenges, archaeologists are well positioned to contribute to long-standing debates in the broader sphere of network research on the nature of network theory, the relationships between networks and culture, and dynamics of social networks over the long term.
正式的网络分析在考古学中有着悠久的历史,但最近才迅速兴起。网络模型借鉴了图论、社会网络分析和复杂性科学的方法,已被用于解决一系列关于网络结构、位置、个人和更大群体在一系列社会尺度上的属性和结果之间关系的广泛问题。目前的考古网络研究在方法和理论上都是多样化的,但使用考古数据对社会网络进行正式探索仍然面临许多艰巨的挑战。如果我们能够面对这些挑战,考古学家就能够在网络理论的本质、网络与文化之间的关系以及长期社会网络的动态等更广泛的网络研究领域中为长期存在的争论做出贡献。
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引用次数: 42
A History of Cacao in West Mexico: Implications for Mesoamerica and U.S. Southwest Connections 西墨西哥可可豆的历史:对中美洲和美国西南部联系的启示
IF 3.8 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10814-018-9125-7
Michael D. Mathiowetz
Cacao economies in far western Mexico developed between AD 850/900 and 1350+ along with the adoption of a political–religious complex centered on the solar deity Xochipilli as the Aztatlán culture became integrated into expanding political, economic, and information networks of highland and southern Mesoamerica. The Xochipilli complex significantly transformed societies in the Aztatlán core zone of coastal Nayarit and Sinaloa and parts of Jalisco, Durango, Zacatecas, and Michoacán. West Mexican cacao was acquired in the U.S. Southwest by Chaco Canyon elites in New Mexico through macroregional prestige goods economies as Ancestral Pueblo societies became integrated into the Postclassic Mesoamerican world.
墨西哥西部的可可经济在公元850/900年到1350年之间发展起来,同时,随着Aztatlán文化融入到中美洲高地和南部不断扩大的政治、经济和信息网络中,以太阳神Xochipilli为中心的政治-宗教综合体被采用。Xochipilli建筑群极大地改变了Aztatlán纳亚里特和锡那罗亚沿海核心区以及哈利斯科州、杜兰戈、萨卡特卡斯和Michoacán部分地区的社会。西墨西哥可可在美国西南部被新墨西哥州查科峡谷的精英们通过宏观区域声望商品经济获得,因为祖先普韦布洛社会融入了后古典中美洲世界。
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引用次数: 24
Evaluating Social Complexity and Inequality in the Balkans Between 6500 and 4200 BC 评估公元前 6500 至 4200 年巴尔干地区的社会复杂性和不平等性
IF 3.8 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-09-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10814-018-9126-6
Marko Porčić
The subject of this paper is the social structure and sociocultural evolution of Balkan Neolithic and Eneolithic societies between 6500 and 4200 BC. I draw on archaeological evidence from three major regions of the Balkans related to demography, settlement, economy, warfare, and differences in status and wealth between individuals and groups to evaluate the degree and kind of social complexity and inequality. The trend in these data is of increase in social complexity and inequality over two millennia following the introduction of agriculture to the Balkans, as the simple and small hamlets of the late seventh and early sixth millennia transformed into large villages and tell sites of the late sixth and fifth millennia, in parallel with the development of copper metallurgy and regional exchange networks. There is no evidence of social stratification or the formation of complex systems of regional integration such as (proto)states or urban centers. The Balkan communities of this period were essentially village communities with social inequalities, when present, limited to differences in prestige and potentially rank.
本文的主题是公元前 6500 年至公元前 4200 年巴尔干新石器时代和新石器时代社会的社会结构和社会文化演变。我利用巴尔干半岛三个主要地区的考古证据,从人口、定居、经济、战争以及个人和群体之间的地位和财富差异等方面来评估社会复杂性和不平等的程度和类型。这些数据表明,在巴尔干半岛引入农业后的两千年里,社会复杂性和不平等程度呈上升趋势,七世纪末和六世纪初的简单小村庄转变为六世纪末和五世纪的大型村庄和遗址,与此同时,铜冶金业和地区交流网络也得到了发展。没有证据显示社会分层或形成复杂的地区一体化体系,如(原)国家或城市中心。这一时期的巴尔干社区基本上是村落社区,即使存在社会不平等,也仅限于声望和潜在等级的差异。
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引用次数: 0
The Rise of Pastoralism in the Ancient Near East 古代近东畜牧业的兴起
IF 3.8 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10814-018-9124-8
Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Emily L. Hammer
In this paper, we present a history of pastoralism in the ancient Near East from the Neolithic through the Bronze Age. We describe the accretional development of pastoral technologies over eight millennia, including the productive breeding of domestic sheep, goats, and cattle in the early Neolithic and the subsequent domestication of animals used primarily for labor—donkeys, horses, and finally camels—as well as the first appearance of husbandry strategies such as penning, foddering, pasturing, young male culling, and dairy production. Despite frequent references in the literature to prehistoric pastoral nomads, pastoralism in Southwest Asia was strongly associated with sedentary communities that practiced intensive plant cultivation and was largely local in nature. There is very little evidence in prehistoric and early historic Southwest Asia to support the notion of a “dimorphic society” characterized by separate and specialized agriculturists and mobile pastoralists. Although mobile herders were present in the steppe regions of Syria by the early second millennium BC, mobile pastoralism was the exception rather than the rule at that time; its “identification” in the archaeological record frequently derives from the application of anachronistic ethnographic analogy. We conclude that pastoralism was a diverse, flexible, and dynamic adaptation in the ancient Near East and call for a reinvigorated and empirically based archaeology of pastoralism in Southwest Asia.
在本文中,我们介绍了古代近东从新石器时代到青铜时代的放牧史。我们描述了八千年间畜牧技术的累积发展,包括新石器时代早期家养绵羊、山羊和牛的繁殖,以及随后主要用于劳动的动物--驴、马,最后是骆驼--的驯化,以及圈养、饲养、放牧、淘汰小公畜和乳制品生产等畜牧业策略的首次出现。尽管文献中经常提到史前畜牧游牧民族,但西南亚的畜牧业与从事密集型植物种植的定居社区密切相关,而且主要是地方性的。在史前和历史早期的西南亚,很少有证据支持 "二形社会 "的概念,即由不同的专门农耕者和流动牧民组成的社会。尽管在公元前第二个千年早期,叙利亚的草原地区已经出现了流动牧民,但流动牧业在当时只是例外而非普遍现象;考古记录中对流动牧业的 "认定 "往往来自于不合时宜的人种学类比。我们的结论是,畜牧业在古代近东是一种多样、灵活和动态的适应方式,并呼吁对西南亚的畜牧业重新进行以经验为基础的考古研究。
{"title":"The Rise of Pastoralism in the Ancient Near East","authors":"Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Emily L. Hammer","doi":"10.1007/s10814-018-9124-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-018-9124-8","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a history of pastoralism in the ancient Near East from the Neolithic through the Bronze Age. We describe the accretional development of pastoral technologies over eight millennia, including the productive breeding of domestic sheep, goats, and cattle in the early Neolithic and the subsequent domestication of animals used primarily for labor—donkeys, horses, and finally camels—as well as the first appearance of husbandry strategies such as penning, foddering, pasturing, young male culling, and dairy production. Despite frequent references in the literature to prehistoric pastoral nomads, pastoralism in Southwest Asia was strongly associated with sedentary communities that practiced intensive plant cultivation and was largely local in nature. There is very little evidence in prehistoric and early historic Southwest Asia to support the notion of a “dimorphic society” characterized by separate and specialized agriculturists and mobile pastoralists. Although mobile herders were present in the steppe regions of Syria by the early second millennium BC, mobile pastoralism was the exception rather than the rule at that time; its “identification” in the archaeological record frequently derives from the application of anachronistic ethnographic analogy. We conclude that pastoralism was a diverse, flexible, and dynamic adaptation in the ancient Near East and call for a reinvigorated and empirically based archaeology of pastoralism in Southwest Asia.","PeriodicalId":47005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"391-449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Provenance, Use, and Circulation of Metals in the European Bronze Age: The State of Debate 欧洲青铜器时代金属的来源、使用和流通:争论的状态
IF 3.8 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10814-018-9123-9
Miljana Radivojević, B. W. Roberts, E. Pernicka, Z. Stos-Gale, M. Martinón-Torres, T. Rehren, P. Bray, Dirk Brandherm, Johan Ling, J. Mei, Helle Vandkilde, K. Kristiansen, S. Shennan, C. Broodbank
{"title":"The Provenance, Use, and Circulation of Metals in the European Bronze Age: The State of Debate","authors":"Miljana Radivojević, B. W. Roberts, E. Pernicka, Z. Stos-Gale, M. Martinón-Torres, T. Rehren, P. Bray, Dirk Brandherm, Johan Ling, J. Mei, Helle Vandkilde, K. Kristiansen, S. Shennan, C. Broodbank","doi":"10.1007/s10814-018-9123-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-018-9123-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"131 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10814-018-9123-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48264613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 109
期刊
Journal of Archaeological Research
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