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Multiple strategies but small gains: Trade union revitalization and power resources in Central Eastern Europe after 2008 多措并举但收效甚微:2008年后中欧工会振兴与权力资源
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1177/09596801221148855
Magdalena Bernaciak, Aurora Trif
This study comparatively examines the relationship between revitalization strategies and trade union power resources in Central Eastern Europe. It shows that the post-2008 weakening of union power resources in the region served as a catalyst for a wide range of revitalization strategies, many of which included elements not documented in the revitalization literature. In most cases, union revitalization strategies involved the mobilization of organizational and societal resources and were geared towards (re)building statutory rights for unions and (re)establishing legal guarantees for workers. This ‘institutional longing’, however, left many organizations oblivious to membership decline, which may threaten their long-term survival.
本研究比较考察了中东欧国家振兴战略与工会权力资源的关系。该研究表明,2008年后该地区工会力量资源的削弱,成为一系列振兴战略的催化剂,其中许多战略包括振兴文献中未记载的要素。在大多数情况下,工会振兴战略涉及动员组织和社会资源,旨在(重新)为工会建立法定权利和(重新)为工人建立法律保障。然而,这种“制度渴望”使许多组织忽视了会员数量的下降,这可能会威胁到它们的长期生存。
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引用次数: 0
Protocol for Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Extraction of Imaging-Derived Phenotypes from the China Phenobank Project. 脑磁共振成像和中国表型库项目成像衍生表型提取方案。
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2023-01-05 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00083-w
Chengyan Wang, Zhang Shi, Yan Li, Xueqin Xia, Xutong Kuang, Shufang Qian, Le Xue, Lizhen Lan, Yudan Wu, Na Zhang, Ji Tao, Xumei Hu, Wenzhao Cao, Naying He, Yike Guo, Weibo Chen, Jun Zhang, Jingchun Luo, He Wang, Mei Tian

Imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) have been increasingly used in population-based cohort studies in recent years. As widely reported, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important imaging modality for assessing the anatomical structure and function of the brain with high resolution and excellent soft-tissue contrast. The purpose of this article was to describe the imaging protocol of the brain MRI in the China Phenobank Project (CHPP). Each participant underwent a 30-min brain MRI scan as part of a 2-h whole-body imaging protocol in CHPP. The brain imaging sequences included T1-magnetization that prepared rapid gradient echo, T2 fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery, magnetic resonance angiography, diffusion MRI, and resting-state functional MRI. The detailed descriptions of image acquisition, interpretation, and post-processing were provided in this article. The measured IDPs included volumes of brain subregions, cerebral vessel geometrical parameters, microstructural tracts, and function connectivity metrics.

近年来,成像衍生表型(IDPs)越来越多地被用于基于人群的队列研究中。据广泛报道,磁共振成像(MRI)是评估大脑解剖结构和功能的重要成像模式,具有高分辨率和良好的软组织对比度。本文旨在介绍中国表型库项目(CHPP)中脑部磁共振成像的成像方案。作为CHPP 2小时全身成像方案的一部分,每位参与者都接受了30分钟的脑部磁共振成像扫描。脑成像序列包括准备快速梯度回波的 T1 磁化、T2 液体衰减反转恢复、磁共振血管造影、弥散磁共振成像和静息状态功能磁共振成像。本文对图像采集、解读和后处理进行了详细描述。测量的 IDP 包括大脑亚区体积、脑血管几何参数、微结构束和功能连接指标。
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引用次数: 0
Strengthening legislation, weakening collective bargaining? Two faces of trade union strategies in Czechia and Slovakia 加强立法,削弱集体谈判?捷克和斯洛伐克工会战略的两面
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.1177/09596801221140408
M. Kahancová, M. Martišková
The paper studies how unions used two types of resources, namely, access to national legislation/policy and to collective bargaining, to improve working conditions in healthcare and in agency work in Czechia and Slovakia. It examines how these two types of institutional resources interact, whether they are potentially in competition and how this affects union revitalization. Unions’ post-2008 strategies in the two sectors converged towards political action due to their preference for legislative regulation of issues previously bargained about or unregulated. The paper argues that extensive use of institutional safeguards contributes to improving working conditions; however, prioritizing political action may weaken other types of union strategies and undermine future access to collective bargaining. In other words, extensive utilization of one institutional resource (legislation) may gradually weaken other types of resources (collective bargaining) and thereby undermine the overall revitalization capacity of trade unions.
本文研究了工会如何利用两种资源,即利用国家立法/政策和集体谈判的机会,改善捷克和斯洛伐克医疗保健和机构工作的工作条件。它研究了这两种类型的机构资源如何相互作用,它们是否存在潜在的竞争,以及这如何影响工会的振兴。2008年后,工会在这两个行业的战略趋向于政治行动,因为他们倾向于对以前谈判或不受监管的问题进行立法监管。本文认为,广泛使用制度保障有助于改善工作条件;然而,优先考虑政治行动可能会削弱其他类型的工会战略,并破坏未来参与集体谈判的机会。换句话说,广泛利用一种制度资源(立法)可能会逐渐削弱其他类型的资源(集体谈判),从而破坏工会的整体振兴能力。
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引用次数: 2
Gains and pitfalls of coalitions: Societal resources as sources of trade union power in Croatia and Poland 联盟的收益与陷阱:克罗地亚和波兰作为工会力量来源的社会资源
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.1177/09596801221138776
H. Butković, Jan Czarzasty, Adam Mrozowicki
This article explores the experiences of trade unions in Croatia and Poland with societal power resources as a source of trade union revitalisation in the post-2008 crisis period. In the context of limited structural, organisational and institutional power resources, Croatian and Polish trade unions attempted to build their societal power through the revitalisation strategies of coalition building and political action. The paper compares three similar, partially successful campaigns run in both countries, on pensions, Sunday trading and precarious work. Our findings show that gains in societal power alone cannot fully compensate for the erosion of conventional sources of trade union power. Such a configuration of power resources runs the danger of trade union demands being taken up by populist forces wanting to increase their own legitimacy, rather than furthering workers’ interests. Therefore, what starts as an attempt at union revitalisation based on the novel use of societal resources could easily end up as ‘captured innovation’ by populist forces.
本文探讨了克罗地亚和波兰工会在2008年后危机时期以社会权力资源作为工会振兴来源的经验。在结构、组织和体制权力资源有限的情况下,克罗地亚和波兰工会试图通过建立联盟和政治行动的振兴战略来建立其社会权力。该报比较了两国在养老金、周日交易和不稳定工作方面进行的三场类似的、部分成功的运动。我们的研究结果表明,仅靠社会权力的增加并不能完全弥补工会权力传统来源的侵蚀。这种权力资源的配置存在着工会要求被民粹主义力量采纳的危险,民粹主义力量希望提高自己的合法性,而不是促进工人的利益。因此,基于对社会资源的新颖利用而开始的工会振兴尝试很容易以民粹主义力量的“捕获创新”告终。
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引用次数: 1
Where to find power resources under a hostile government? The prospects for trade union revitalization after the loss of institutional resources in Hungary and Romania 在敌对政府的统治下,哪里可以找到权力资源?匈牙利和罗马尼亚失去体制资源后工会振兴的前景
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-11-17 DOI: 10.1177/09596801221136959
Aurora Trif, I. Szabó
The experience in Western Europe suggests that overreliance on institutional stability hinders trade union revitalization. This paper explores the other side of this coin: what is the impact of dismantling industrial relations institutions on union revitalization? It investigates the drivers and outcomes of the main revitalization strategies used by trade unions in Hungary and Romania as a response to the frontal attack of governments on their institutional supports post-2008. In both countries, national-level confederations took political action seeking to amend the labour laws that undermined their role and influence. At the company and occupational level, some trade unions increased their organizing efforts to retain their influence under an adverse legal framework. This article reveals that deinstitutionalization can be a driver of revitalization when trade unions are willing to take small steps to strengthen their links with rank-and-file members and with other unions, social movements or international organizations by using a combination of revitalization strategies. It also shows that unions have to simultaneously draw on different sets of power resources, particularly a mixture of organizational and societal power resources, to revitalize after losing institutional resources.
西欧的经验表明,过度依赖体制稳定阻碍了工会的振兴。本文探讨了这枚硬币的另一面:解散劳资关系机构对工会振兴有什么影响?它调查了匈牙利和罗马尼亚工会为应对2008年后政府对其机构支持的正面攻击而采用的主要振兴战略的驱动因素和结果。在这两个国家,国家一级的联合会都采取了政治行动,试图修改削弱其作用和影响力的劳动法。在公司和职业层面,一些工会加大了组织力度,以在不利的法律框架下保持其影响力。这篇文章揭示,如果工会愿意采取小步骤,通过结合振兴战略,加强与普通成员以及其他工会、社会运动或国际组织的联系,那么非机构化可能是振兴的驱动力。它还表明,工会必须同时利用不同的权力资源,特别是组织和社会权力资源的混合,才能在失去制度资源后重振活力。
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引用次数: 1
Class politics, collective labor rights, and worker-management conflict in comparative perspective 比较视角下的阶级政治、集体劳动权利与工人管理冲突
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-11-05 DOI: 10.1177/09596801221133453
Pablo Pérez Ahumada
This article studies how perceptions of worker-management conflict are shaped by individual-level and macro-level variables. Drawing upon data from 33 countries from the 2015 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), it uses multilevel models to examine how individual perceptions of worker-management conflict are affected by social class, union membership status, and the country-level protection of collective labor rights. The evidence supports the hypothesis that workers and union members perceive more conflict than employers and non-union members. The results also show that, as hypothesized, perceived workplace conflict is lower in countries with stronger protection of workers’ collective rights. Finally, contrary to an initial hypothesis, cross-level interactions suggest that in countries where collective rights are more strongly protected, union members perceive more worker-management conflict than non-union members. Contributions to the literature on class and power resources as well as to the recent debate on the “neoliberal convergence” of industrial relations (IR) systems are discussed.
本文研究了个体层面和宏观层面的变量对员工管理冲突的感知是如何形成的。根据2015年国际社会调查计划(ISSP)来自33个国家的数据,它使用多层次模型来研究个人对工人管理冲突的看法如何受到社会阶层、工会成员身份和国家层面集体劳工权利保护的影响。证据支持这样一种假设,即工人和工会成员比雇主和非工会成员感知到更多的冲突。研究结果还表明,正如假设的那样,在工人集体权利得到更有力保护的国家,感知到的工作场所冲突更少。最后,与最初的假设相反,跨层面的互动表明,在集体权利受到更有力保护的国家,工会成员比非工会成员感知到更多的工人与管理层的冲突。讨论了对阶级和权力资源文献的贡献,以及对最近关于劳资关系系统“新自由主义趋同”的辩论的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Defining the problem of low wage growth in Australia and Denmark: From the actors’ perspectives 界定澳大利亚和丹麦的低工资增长问题:从行动者的角度
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.1177/09596801221132424
S. Andersen, C. Wright, R. Lansbury
Low wage growth is a challenge common to many OECD countries including countries with very different institutional systems. This paper utilises and extends Rochefort and Cobb’s (1993) ‘problem definition’ framework to analyse how employer and union representatives in Australia and Denmark explain the causes of low wage growth. Drawing on elite interviews, which allow us to assess the nuance of actors’ perceptions, we find disagreement among Australian actors about the role of the collective bargaining system in contributing to low wage growth. Despite disagreement over the extent of the low wage growth problem in Denmark, both unions and employers expressed confidence in the ability of the bargaining system to resolve it. We argue that the greater degree of consensus in Denmark compared with Australia reflects differences in national institutional systems and knowledge regimes, which have influenced the ways actors in these countries perceive low wage growth.
低工资增长是许多经合组织国家共同面临的挑战,其中包括制度体系截然不同的国家。本文利用并扩展了Rochefort和Cobb(1993)的“问题定义”框架,分析了澳大利亚和丹麦的雇主和工会代表如何解释低工资增长的原因。通过精英访谈,我们可以评估行动者感知的细微差别,我们发现澳大利亚行动者对集体谈判制度在促进低工资增长方面的作用存在分歧。尽管在丹麦低工资增长问题的严重程度上存在分歧,但工会和雇主都对谈判制度解决这一问题的能力表示了信心,这影响了这些国家的行动者看待低工资增长的方式。
{"title":"Defining the problem of low wage growth in Australia and Denmark: From the actors’ perspectives","authors":"S. Andersen, C. Wright, R. Lansbury","doi":"10.1177/09596801221132424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596801221132424","url":null,"abstract":"Low wage growth is a challenge common to many OECD countries including countries with very different institutional systems. This paper utilises and extends Rochefort and Cobb’s (1993) ‘problem definition’ framework to analyse how employer and union representatives in Australia and Denmark explain the causes of low wage growth. Drawing on elite interviews, which allow us to assess the nuance of actors’ perceptions, we find disagreement among Australian actors about the role of the collective bargaining system in contributing to low wage growth. Despite disagreement over the extent of the low wage growth problem in Denmark, both unions and employers expressed confidence in the ability of the bargaining system to resolve it. We argue that the greater degree of consensus in Denmark compared with Australia reflects differences in national institutional systems and knowledge regimes, which have influenced the ways actors in these countries perceive low wage growth.","PeriodicalId":47034,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Industrial Relations","volume":"29 1","pages":"177 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44884987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Labour market regulation and the demand for migrant labour: A comparison of the adult social care sector in England and the Netherlands 劳动力市场监管和对移民劳动力的需求:英国和荷兰成人社会护理部门的比较
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.1177/09596801221127810
S. Marino, A. Keizer
This article contributes to the theoretical understanding of institutions as fundamental in shaping the demand for migrant labour by investigating labour market regulation as possible explanation for cross-country differences in labour market segmentation and the presence of migrant workers. It compares the adult social care sector in England and the Netherlands with important cross-country differences in the reliance on migrant labour amid similar cost saving policies and marketization drives. The analysis draws on data collected between 2009 and 2019 and consisting of sectoral survey data, policy documents, interviews with relevant actors, and the observations of trade union and care workers’ meetings. The findings highlight the importance of path-dependent features of the national industrial relations systems in explaining observed differences but also how the specific nature of the regulatory outcomes depends on unions’ strategies and power.
本文通过调查劳动力市场监管,作为劳动力市场细分和移民工人存在的跨国差异的可能解释,有助于从理论上理解制度是塑造移民劳动力需求的基础。它将英格兰和荷兰的成人社会护理部门与类似的成本节约政策和市场化驱动下对移民劳动力依赖的重要跨国差异进行了比较。该分析借鉴了2009年至2019年期间收集的数据,包括部门调查数据、政策文件、对相关行为者的采访以及工会和护理人员会议的观察结果。研究结果强调了国家劳资关系系统的路径依赖特征在解释观察到的差异方面的重要性,以及监管结果的具体性质如何取决于工会的战略和权力。
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引用次数: 2
Bringing labour market flexibilization under control? Marginal work and collective regulation in the creative industries in the Netherlands 控制劳动力市场的灵活性?荷兰创意产业的边际工作与集体监管
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/09596801221127109
W. Been, M. Keune
The cultural and creative industries (CCI) is a sector where the workforce is highly educated, yet precarious working conditions are prominent. Although flexible and marginal work is often treated as an overall feature of the sector, this study based on register data on all workers in the sector shows that processes of flexibilization and marginalization are highly divergent between its subsectors. In half of the CCI subsectors, some form of collectively bargained response to the ongoing flexibilization and marginalization has emerged. This first of all shows that creative workers do indeed not only care about expressing their creativity but also about their material working and living conditions. Also how employers’ organizations and trade unions respond to these developments by means of collective agreements varies. Where they disagree, concrete action is postponed. Where they align, either counteracting measures are included, or attempts are made to bridge the divide between employees and the self-employed to some extend in the collective agreement. By doing so, they counteract processes of dualization, paving the road for innovative approaches of industrial relations actors. Still, this counts only for part of the CCI as much of it remains not covered by collective agreements.
文化和创意产业是一个劳动力受过高等教育,但工作条件不稳定的行业。尽管灵活和边缘化的工作通常被视为该部门的一个整体特征,但这项基于该部门所有工人登记数据的研究表明,各部门之间的灵活化和边缘化进程差异很大。在半数CCI分部门中,出现了某种形式的集体讨价还价的应对措施,以应对正在进行的灵活性和边缘化。这首先表明,创造性工作者确实不仅关心表达他们的创造力,而且关心他们的物质工作和生活条件。雇主组织和工会如何通过集体协议应对这些发展也各不相同。如果他们意见不一,具体行动就会被推迟。在他们一致的地方,要么包括对抗措施,要么在集体协议中试图在一定程度上弥合雇员和个体经营者之间的分歧。通过这样做,他们抵消了二元化的过程,为劳资关系参与者的创新方法铺平了道路。尽管如此,这只是CCI的一部分,因为其中大部分仍不在集体协议的范围内。
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引用次数: 0
Negotiation of psycho-social risks of remote working. An enterprise-level comparison in Italy and France 远程工作的心理社会风险谈判。意大利和法国的企业层面比较
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-09-24 DOI: 10.1177/09596801221122998
Francesco Seghezzi
The article focuses on how the actors of industrial relations acted at firmlevel in multi-national company, Danone, in two different institutional contexts (Italy and France), in order to set rules and procedures aimed to mitigate the negative psycho-social consequences of remote working adopted during Covid-19 pandemic. In particular, it examines what was the role of firm-level industrial relations in setting specific oriented actions and what were the relations between these, global policies of the company and national level policies about health and safety and in general the institutional context. It emerges the importance of informality of relations between actors in helping to face an emergency together with the role of global policies of the company that seems to overcomes the different national institutional contexts.
本文重点研究了达能跨国公司劳资关系的参与者在两种不同的制度背景下(意大利和法国)如何在公司层面采取行动,以制定规则和程序,减轻新冠肺炎大流行期间远程工作带来的负面心理社会后果。特别是,它审查了公司一级的劳资关系在制定具体的定向行动方面的作用,以及这些行动、公司的全球政策和国家一级的健康和安全政策之间的关系,以及一般的制度背景。它体现了行动者之间非正式关系在帮助应对紧急情况方面的重要性,以及公司全球政策的作用,这些政策似乎克服了不同的国家制度背景。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
European Journal of Industrial Relations
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