Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1215/00182702-10875045
P. Blustein
{"title":"Writing about Economics","authors":"P. Blustein","doi":"10.1215/00182702-10875045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-10875045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47043,"journal":{"name":"History of Political Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41995215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1215/00182702-10875115
Julien Duval
This article deals with a French TV program that was launched in the late 1980s and that is devoted to the economic dimensions of life. It became very popular and still exists today. This article proposes an analysis of this unprecedented success in France, through diversified and complementary perspectives. It aims to characterize the novelty of the program. The article relates the appearance of the program to various broader transformations of the relations between the economic and journalistic fields that occurred in France in the 1980s and 1990s. It focuses on the charismatic leader who created the program and hosted it for the first fifteen years of its existence: he was a former business school student, representing a completely new profile of a journalist at the time. The appearance of the program is then shown to be inextricably linked to the emergence of private TV channels in France at the end of the 1980s. It then proposes an analysis of the style and content of the program, trying to characterize the vision of economic life conveyed by the program.
{"title":"A “Wonderful Program of Economic Pedagogy” in France","authors":"Julien Duval","doi":"10.1215/00182702-10875115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-10875115","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article deals with a French TV program that was launched in the late 1980s and that is devoted to the economic dimensions of life. It became very popular and still exists today. This article proposes an analysis of this unprecedented success in France, through diversified and complementary perspectives. It aims to characterize the novelty of the program. The article relates the appearance of the program to various broader transformations of the relations between the economic and journalistic fields that occurred in France in the 1980s and 1990s. It focuses on the charismatic leader who created the program and hosted it for the first fifteen years of its existence: he was a former business school student, representing a completely new profile of a journalist at the time. The appearance of the program is then shown to be inextricably linked to the emergence of private TV channels in France at the end of the 1980s. It then proposes an analysis of the style and content of the program, trying to characterize the vision of economic life conveyed by the program.","PeriodicalId":47043,"journal":{"name":"History of Political Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43960646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1215/00182702-10773014
A. Rancan
{"title":"Albert Ando: A Bibliography of His Writings","authors":"A. Rancan","doi":"10.1215/00182702-10773014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-10773014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47043,"journal":{"name":"History of Political Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47943500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1215/00182702-10773000
Jerry Z. Muller
{"title":"Adam Smith's America: How a Scottish Philosopher Became an Icon of American Capitalism","authors":"Jerry Z. Muller","doi":"10.1215/00182702-10773000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-10773000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47043,"journal":{"name":"History of Political Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135100356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1215/00182702-10772986
Xuan Zhao
This article argues that Prussian industrialization policies implemented by Peter Beuth and Christian Rother from 1820 to 1848 worked as a kind of cameralism in practice. This argument is supported by two main points: first, Beuth, the primary Prussian industrialization promoter, was a cameralist who, having been trained in cameral sciences at university, tried to apply what he was taught to his industrial policy; second, Beuth's and Rother's industrialization policies accorded with the cameralist way of thinking in creating and promoting new manufacturing industries. Their ideologies were especially similar to that of J. H. G. Justi, the epitome of eighteenth-century cameralism. This article tries to challenge the “disordered police state” interpretation of cameralism and argues that, in contrast to such critical assessments, the economic strategy of cameralism could be interpreted as “the ride of Pegasus.”
本文认为，1820年至1848年，彼得·伯思和克里斯蒂安·罗瑟实施的普鲁士工业化政策在实践中是一种照相机主义。这一论点主要有两点支持:第一，普鲁士工业化的主要推动者伯厄斯是一位摄影师，他在大学里接受过摄影学的培训，试图将他所学到的知识应用到他的工业政策中;其次，在创造和促进新型制造业方面，勃特和罗特的工业化政策符合摄像主义者的思维方式。他们的意识形态与18世纪摄影主义的代表人物j·h·g·贾斯提(J. H. G. Justi)特别相似。本文试图挑战“无序的警察国家”对摄影主义的解释，并认为，与这种批判性的评估相反，摄影主义的经济战略可以被解释为“飞马之旅”。
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Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1215/00182702-10772944
Maxime Menuet, P. Villieu
Few studies have focused specifically on the physiocratic analysis of money. The physiocrats' position was based on their criticism of Law's system and more broadly on the role of finance. First, they rejected the idea that a large amount of money was the condition for the wealth of nations. Second, they rejected paper money, as well as any form of currency alteration. As a simple means of exchange, Quesnay and his followers recognized that money could be replaced by paper. However, in order to comply with the “value for equal value” principle of exchange, money had to be made of precious metals, as Le Trosne, the main architect of the physiocratic monetary doctrine, forcefully asserted. This doctrine of money created a tension: from the circulation perspective, money was not considered as a component of wealth and could be replaced by paper to simply represent flows in expenditure; but from the equality-of-exchange perspective, money had to be made of precious metals, thus becoming a storable asset in a portfolio. To overcome this tension, the économistes were to forcefully denounce hoarding and deny money the function of a store of value.
{"title":"The Physiocratic Analysis of Money: A Reappraisal","authors":"Maxime Menuet, P. Villieu","doi":"10.1215/00182702-10772944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-10772944","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Few studies have focused specifically on the physiocratic analysis of money. The physiocrats' position was based on their criticism of Law's system and more broadly on the role of finance. First, they rejected the idea that a large amount of money was the condition for the wealth of nations. Second, they rejected paper money, as well as any form of currency alteration. As a simple means of exchange, Quesnay and his followers recognized that money could be replaced by paper. However, in order to comply with the “value for equal value” principle of exchange, money had to be made of precious metals, as Le Trosne, the main architect of the physiocratic monetary doctrine, forcefully asserted. This doctrine of money created a tension: from the circulation perspective, money was not considered as a component of wealth and could be replaced by paper to simply represent flows in expenditure; but from the equality-of-exchange perspective, money had to be made of precious metals, thus becoming a storable asset in a portfolio. To overcome this tension, the économistes were to forcefully denounce hoarding and deny money the function of a store of value.","PeriodicalId":47043,"journal":{"name":"History of Political Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42503804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1215/00182702-10772972
L. Costabile, F. Velde
Writing in the first decade of the seventeenth century, Tommaso Campanella (1568–1639) studied tax erosion and proposed remedies that he promised would “transform a harm into a benefit.” The factual evolution of tax revenues and prices under the monetary and fiscal systems of his time confirms his diagnosis. A simple model built on his assumptions shows how clipping produces tax erosion in a commodity money system, and it illustrates how Campanella's plan not only eliminates this harm but also produces the benefit of higher government purchases at the expense of rentiers. A broader reading of his work clarifies the distributional implications of his proposal in the light of his radical egalitarianism and his goal of a united, harmonious society.
{"title":"Tax Erosion in Seventeenth-Century Naples: Tommaso Campanella on Causes and Remedies","authors":"L. Costabile, F. Velde","doi":"10.1215/00182702-10772972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-10772972","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Writing in the first decade of the seventeenth century, Tommaso Campanella (1568–1639) studied tax erosion and proposed remedies that he promised would “transform a harm into a benefit.” The factual evolution of tax revenues and prices under the monetary and fiscal systems of his time confirms his diagnosis. A simple model built on his assumptions shows how clipping produces tax erosion in a commodity money system, and it illustrates how Campanella's plan not only eliminates this harm but also produces the benefit of higher government purchases at the expense of rentiers. A broader reading of his work clarifies the distributional implications of his proposal in the light of his radical egalitarianism and his goal of a united, harmonious society.","PeriodicalId":47043,"journal":{"name":"History of Political Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43758851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1215/00182702-10772916
Virginie Gouverneur
Some commentators state that Marshall conceptualizes well-being primarily in terms of the consumer's and producer's surpluses, whose interdependence with moral character rests on the ability of markets to produce their effects on character spontaneously. The purpose of the present article is to show that evolutionary faith is not really enough to remove the tension between the economic and moral dimensions of Marshall's definition of well-being. Marshall understands that progress would not happen without assigning a special role to families and women in cultivating family affections as an essential means of harmonizing these two dimensions. To prove this point, the article examines several economic texts written before Marshall's major economic treatise, Principles of Economics, the first edition of which appeared in 1890. These texts have received little consideration in the existing literature about Marshall's treatment of the role of women in society. Yet they prefigure and allow a better understanding of the theory later expounded in Principles, apprehended here as the fruit of a long process of maturation that continues throughout revisions made in the successive editions of the book.
{"title":"Families and Women in Alfred Marshall's Analysis of Well-Being and Progress","authors":"Virginie Gouverneur","doi":"10.1215/00182702-10772916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-10772916","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Some commentators state that Marshall conceptualizes well-being primarily in terms of the consumer's and producer's surpluses, whose interdependence with moral character rests on the ability of markets to produce their effects on character spontaneously. The purpose of the present article is to show that evolutionary faith is not really enough to remove the tension between the economic and moral dimensions of Marshall's definition of well-being. Marshall understands that progress would not happen without assigning a special role to families and women in cultivating family affections as an essential means of harmonizing these two dimensions. To prove this point, the article examines several economic texts written before Marshall's major economic treatise, Principles of Economics, the first edition of which appeared in 1890. These texts have received little consideration in the existing literature about Marshall's treatment of the role of women in society. Yet they prefigure and allow a better understanding of the theory later expounded in Principles, apprehended here as the fruit of a long process of maturation that continues throughout revisions made in the successive editions of the book.","PeriodicalId":47043,"journal":{"name":"History of Political Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45871010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1215/00182702-10772958
J. Hengstmengel
The years 1904–5 seemed to mark the birth of neo-Calvinist political economy in the Netherlands. It was then that three jurists affiliated with the Free University of Amsterdam, an institution founded by the theologian Abraham Kuyper, published their first economic writings. This article deals with the rise of neo-Calvinist political economy, which mirrored the emergence of Catholic economic thought that took place in precisely the same period, and seeks to explain where the ideal of this religious approach to economics came from. It describes the awakening of a socioeconomic commitment in Dutch Réveil circles, the influence of Thomas Chalmers's Christian political economy on the antirevolutionary statesman Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer, and the place of economics in Kuyper's neo-Calvinist worldview. It is shown that Groen van Prinsterer's desire to infuse economic science with biblical views was eventually replaced by Kuyper's vision of formulating a full-fledged Calvinist alternative to mainstream economics. Despite some attempts at Calvinist political economy at the dawn of the nineteenth century, this project never really got off the ground.
1904-5年似乎标志着荷兰新加尔文主义政治经济学的诞生。就在那时，隶属于阿姆斯特丹自由大学(Free University of Amsterdam)的三位法学家发表了他们的第一批经济学著作。阿姆斯特丹自由大学是神学家亚伯拉罕•凯波尔(Abraham Kuyper)创建的一个机构。本文论述了新加尔文主义政治经济学的兴起，它反映了天主教经济思想的出现，这恰好发生在同一时期，并试图解释这种宗教经济学方法的理想来自何处。书中描述了荷兰社会经济承诺的觉醒，托马斯·查尔默斯的基督教政治经济学对反革命政治家纪尧姆·格伦·范·普林斯特的影响，以及经济学在凯波尔新加尔文主义世界观中的地位。本书表明，格伦·范·普林斯特尔希望将圣经观点注入经济科学的愿望最终被凯波尔的愿景所取代，凯波尔的愿景是制定一种成熟的加尔文主义替代主流经济学。尽管19世纪初有人尝试过加尔文主义的政治经济学，但这个项目从未真正起步。
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Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1215/00182702-10772930
S. Edwards
This article investigates how Milton Friedman's views on exchange rates in emerging nations evolved through time. Early on he supported flexible exchange rates for most less developed countries. He endorsed several forms of flexibility, including auctions and the “crawling peg.” Starting in the early 1970s, he favored a system characterized by fixed rates and no central banks. From that point on he argued that while flexible rates were the preferred option for advanced nations, they were the second-best solution for (most) developing countries. This article helps elucidate Friedman's views on the use of pegged exchange rates during stabilization programs (Chile and Israel) and on exchange rates in socialist countries (China and Yugoslavia).
{"title":"Milton Friedman and Exchange Rates: History and Controversies","authors":"S. Edwards","doi":"10.1215/00182702-10772930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-10772930","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article investigates how Milton Friedman's views on exchange rates in emerging nations evolved through time. Early on he supported flexible exchange rates for most less developed countries. He endorsed several forms of flexibility, including auctions and the “crawling peg.” Starting in the early 1970s, he favored a system characterized by fixed rates and no central banks. From that point on he argued that while flexible rates were the preferred option for advanced nations, they were the second-best solution for (most) developing countries. This article helps elucidate Friedman's views on the use of pegged exchange rates during stabilization programs (Chile and Israel) and on exchange rates in socialist countries (China and Yugoslavia).","PeriodicalId":47043,"journal":{"name":"History of Political Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43002353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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