Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad5f0f
Yuki Izumida
The Curzon-Ahlborn (CA) cycle is a paradigmatic model of endoreversible heat engines, which yields the so-called CA efficiency as the efficiency at maximum power. Due to the arbitrariness of the relationship between the steady temperature and the time taken for the isothermal process of the CA cycle, the constructions of the CA cycle on the thermodynamic plane are not unique. Here, we give some of the detailed constructions of the CA cycle on the thermodynamic plane, using an ideal gas as a working substance. It is shown that these constructions are equal to each other in the maximum power regime in the sense that they achieve the best trade-off between the work and the inverse cycle-time, known as the Pareto front in multi-objective optimization problems.
寇尊-阿赫伯恩（CA）循环是一种典型的内可逆热机模型，它产生的所谓 CA 效率是最大功率时的效率。由于 CA 循环的稳定温度与等温过程所需时间之间的关系具有任意性，因此 CA 循环在热力学平面上的构造并不唯一。在此，我们以理想气体为工作物质，给出了热力学平面上 CA 循环的一些详细构造。结果表明，在最大功率条件下，这些结构彼此相等，即它们实现了功与逆循环时间（多目标优化问题中的帕累托前沿）之间的最佳权衡。
{"title":"Non-unique detailed constructions of Curzon-Ahlborn cycle on thermodynamic plane","authors":"Yuki Izumida","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad5f0f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad5f0f","url":null,"abstract":"The Curzon-Ahlborn (CA) cycle is a paradigmatic model of endoreversible heat engines, which yields the so-called CA efficiency as the efficiency at maximum power. Due to the arbitrariness of the relationship between the steady temperature and the time taken for the isothermal process of the CA cycle, the constructions of the CA cycle on the thermodynamic plane are not unique. Here, we give some of the detailed constructions of the CA cycle on the thermodynamic plane, using an ideal gas as a working substance. It is shown that these constructions are equal to each other in the maximum power regime in the sense that they achieve the best trade-off between the work and the inverse cycle-time, known as the Pareto front in multi-objective optimization problems.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141721054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad5b39
Ayyappan J and Beena T
The atomic decoherence effect (DE) on a Kerr nonlinear (KNL) electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)is studied in a Δ system. The DE between the ground state hyperfine levels is caused by the dephasing rate γd which dramatically modifies the medium response. It controls the normal dispersive region which shows steep positive slopes for linear response at the line center while the nonlinear response experiences steep negative slopes for low γd. The microwave field strength and γd modify the nonlinear response from the anomalous dispersion to normal dispersion. The calculations show that room-temperature atoms are used to quantify the quantum interference (QI) on linear and nonlinear absorption with γd. The EIT spectrum explores the understanding of the subluminal and superluminal wave propagation of probe signal and this study opens a new pathway for the understanding of the QI devices and their nonlinearities based on EIT.
{"title":"Anomalous to normal dispersion nonlinear optical dephasing switch in electromagnetically induced transparency using a Kerr effect","authors":"Ayyappan J and Beena T","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad5b39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad5b39","url":null,"abstract":"The atomic decoherence effect (DE) on a Kerr nonlinear (KNL) electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)is studied in a Δ system. The DE between the ground state hyperfine levels is caused by the dephasing rate γd which dramatically modifies the medium response. It controls the normal dispersive region which shows steep positive slopes for linear response at the line center while the nonlinear response experiences steep negative slopes for low γd. The microwave field strength and γd modify the nonlinear response from the anomalous dispersion to normal dispersion. The calculations show that room-temperature atoms are used to quantify the quantum interference (QI) on linear and nonlinear absorption with γd. The EIT spectrum explores the understanding of the subluminal and superluminal wave propagation of probe signal and this study opens a new pathway for the understanding of the QI devices and their nonlinearities based on EIT.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad5b3a
Miroslav Grmela
Multiscale thermodynamics is a theory of relations among levels of description. Energy and entropy are its two main ingredients. Their roles in the time evolution describing approach of a level (starting level) to another level involving less details (target level) is examined on several examples, including the level on which macroscopic systems are seen as composed of microscopic particles, mesoscopic levels as kinetic theory of ideal and van der Waals gases, fluid mechanics, the level of chemical kinetics, and the level of equilibrium thermodynamics. The entropy enters the emergence of the target level in two roles. It expresses internal energy, that is the part of the energy that cannot be expressed in terms of the state variables used on the starting level, and it reveals emerging features characterizing the target level by sweeping away unimportant details. In the case when the target level is a mesoscopic level involving time evolution the roles of the energy and the entropy is taken by two different potentials that are related to their rates.
{"title":"Roles of energy and entropy in multiscale dynamics and thermodynamics","authors":"Miroslav Grmela","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad5b3a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad5b3a","url":null,"abstract":"Multiscale thermodynamics is a theory of relations among levels of description. Energy and entropy are its two main ingredients. Their roles in the time evolution describing approach of a level (starting level) to another level involving less details (target level) is examined on several examples, including the level on which macroscopic systems are seen as composed of microscopic particles, mesoscopic levels as kinetic theory of ideal and van der Waals gases, fluid mechanics, the level of chemical kinetics, and the level of equilibrium thermodynamics. The entropy enters the emergence of the target level in two roles. It expresses internal energy, that is the part of the energy that cannot be expressed in terms of the state variables used on the starting level, and it reveals emerging features characterizing the target level by sweeping away unimportant details. In the case when the target level is a mesoscopic level involving time evolution the roles of the energy and the entropy is taken by two different potentials that are related to their rates.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad5b38
Diego M Fieguth
Mobile microscopic bodies, such as motile cells, can be modelled phenomenologically as ‘active particles’ which can move against external forces by depleting an internal energy depot. The microscopic mechanisms underlying such ‘active’ behaviour must ultimately obey fundamental physics: energy depots must actually consist of dynamical degrees of freedom, such as chemical reaction coordinates, which in some way couple to the particle’s motional degrees of freedom. As a step towards connecting phenomenological models with microscopic dynamical mechanisms, recent papers have studied the minimalistic dynamical mechanism of a ‘dynamical active particle’, and shown how nonlinear couplings can allow steady energy transfer from depot to motion, even in the presence of weak dissipation. Most real active particles move through viscous environments, however, and are strongly damped. Here we therefore generalize the dynamical active particle into the overdamped regime. We find that its mechanism still operates, and in particular allows the overdamped active particle to travel just as far against friction as the undamped model, by moving at a slower average speed. Our results suggest that active particle phenomenology can indeed be consistent with comprehensible dynamical mechanisms, even in strongly dissipative environments.
{"title":"Dynamical active particles in the overdamped limit","authors":"Diego M Fieguth","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad5b38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad5b38","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile microscopic bodies, such as motile cells, can be modelled phenomenologically as ‘active particles’ which can move against external forces by depleting an internal energy depot. The microscopic mechanisms underlying such ‘active’ behaviour must ultimately obey fundamental physics: energy depots must actually consist of dynamical degrees of freedom, such as chemical reaction coordinates, which in some way couple to the particle’s motional degrees of freedom. As a step towards connecting phenomenological models with microscopic dynamical mechanisms, recent papers have studied the minimalistic dynamical mechanism of a ‘dynamical active particle’, and shown how nonlinear couplings can allow steady energy transfer from depot to motion, even in the presence of weak dissipation. Most real active particles move through viscous environments, however, and are strongly damped. Here we therefore generalize the dynamical active particle into the overdamped regime. We find that its mechanism still operates, and in particular allows the overdamped active particle to travel just as far against friction as the undamped model, by moving at a slower average speed. Our results suggest that active particle phenomenology can indeed be consistent with comprehensible dynamical mechanisms, even in strongly dissipative environments.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad5b37
Jorge Martínez Romeral, Luis E F Foa Torres and Stephan Roche
In the context of the measurement problem, we propose to model the interaction between a quantum particle and an ‘apparatus’ through a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian term. We simulate the time evolution of a normalized quantum state split into two spin components (via a Stern–Gerlach experiment) and that undergoes a wavefunction collapse driven by a non-Hermitian Hatano-Nelson Hamiltonian. We further analyze how the strength and other parameters of the non-Hermitian perturbation influence the time-to-collapse of the wave function obtained under a Schödinger-type evolution. We finally discuss a thought experiment where manipulation of the apparatus could challenge standard quantum mechanics predictions.
{"title":"Wavefunction collapse driven by non-Hermitian disturbance","authors":"Jorge Martínez Romeral, Luis E F Foa Torres and Stephan Roche","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad5b37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad5b37","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the measurement problem, we propose to model the interaction between a quantum particle and an ‘apparatus’ through a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian term. We simulate the time evolution of a normalized quantum state split into two spin components (via a Stern–Gerlach experiment) and that undergoes a wavefunction collapse driven by a non-Hermitian Hatano-Nelson Hamiltonian. We further analyze how the strength and other parameters of the non-Hermitian perturbation influence the time-to-collapse of the wave function obtained under a Schödinger-type evolution. We finally discuss a thought experiment where manipulation of the apparatus could challenge standard quantum mechanics predictions.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad55a2
Vadzim Haronin, Ziqi Yang, R. Grigalaitis, Ilkan Calisir, J. Banys, David Hall
Bismuth ferrite-barium titanate (BF-BT) solid solutions are lead-free ferroelectrics that show great promise as the basis for high temperature piezoelectric transducers. This article investigates the dielectric properties of such materials using broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The study focuses on the re-entrant relaxor ferroelectric behaviour of Nb-doped BF-BT ceramics, exploring a wide frequency range from approximately 20 Hz to 30 GHz and temperature from 200 to 500 K. The results reveal the presence of thermally induced transitions between ordered and disordered states. Quantitative analysis of the dielectric dispersion is accomplished using the Cole-Cole model, modified to account for the contribution from conduction losses at low frequencies/high temperatures. This analysis revealed that the freezing temperature of the polar nanoregions is around 158 K, with an activation energy of 0.194 eV. The findings contribute to understanding the dielectric relaxation mechanisms and thermal evolution of functional properties in BiFeO3-BaTiO3 ceramics.
{"title":"Broadband dielectric spectroscopy of Nb-doped 0.7BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3 ceramics","authors":"Vadzim Haronin, Ziqi Yang, R. Grigalaitis, Ilkan Calisir, J. Banys, David Hall","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad55a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad55a2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Bismuth ferrite-barium titanate (BF-BT) solid solutions are lead-free ferroelectrics that show great promise as the basis for high temperature piezoelectric transducers. This article investigates the dielectric properties of such materials using broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The study focuses on the re-entrant relaxor ferroelectric behaviour of Nb-doped BF-BT ceramics, exploring a wide frequency range from approximately 20 Hz to 30 GHz and temperature from 200 to 500 K. The results reveal the presence of thermally induced transitions between ordered and disordered states. Quantitative analysis of the dielectric dispersion is accomplished using the Cole-Cole model, modified to account for the contribution from conduction losses at low frequencies/high temperatures. This analysis revealed that the freezing temperature of the polar nanoregions is around 158 K, with an activation energy of 0.194 eV. The findings contribute to understanding the dielectric relaxation mechanisms and thermal evolution of functional properties in BiFeO3-BaTiO3 ceramics.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We conducted Raman spectroscopy measurements of 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC up to 69 GPa and 1023 K to assess the stability and bonding of SiC at high pressure and temperature. Both optic and acoustic modes were observed at wide pressure and temperature ranges for the first time. The temperature shifts of the Raman frequencies were fitted by the equation with the Bose-Einstein distribution function, and we found that the shifts were almost insensitive to the pressure. The mode Grüneisen coefficients weakly depend on the pressure and temperature, suggesting the sluggish transition of the crystal structure, unlike the previous experiments showing the transition or decomposition of SiC at high pressure and temperature conditions. Inert transitions are confirmed by Raman measurements and annealing experiments using multiple high-pressure apparatuses. The crystallinity may be a hidden critical parameter in the experiments to determine the stable polytypes of SiC under high pressure and temperature.
我们对高达 69 GPa 和 1023 K 的 4H-SiC 和 6H-SiC 进行了拉曼光谱测量，以评估 SiC 在高压和高温下的稳定性和结合情况。首次在较宽的压力和温度范围内观察到光学和声学模式。我们用玻色-爱因斯坦分布函数方程拟合了拉曼频率的温度偏移，发现温度偏移对压力几乎不敏感。模式格吕尼森系数对压力和温度的依赖性很弱，表明晶体结构的转变缓慢，这与之前的实验表明碳化硅在高压和高温条件下发生转变或分解不同。拉曼测量和使用多种高压设备进行的退火实验证实了惰性转变。在实验中，结晶度可能是一个隐藏的关键参数，用于确定在高压和高温条件下稳定的多晶型碳化硅。
{"title":"Inert structural transition in 4H and 6H SiC at high pressure and temperature: A Raman spectroscopy study","authors":"Shuhou Maitani, Ryosuke Sinmyo, Takayuki Ishii, Kenji Yoza","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad5410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad5410","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We conducted Raman spectroscopy measurements of 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC up to 69 GPa and 1023 K to assess the stability and bonding of SiC at high pressure and temperature. Both optic and acoustic modes were observed at wide pressure and temperature ranges for the first time. The temperature shifts of the Raman frequencies were fitted by the equation with the Bose-Einstein distribution function, and we found that the shifts were almost insensitive to the pressure. The mode Grüneisen coefficients weakly depend on the pressure and temperature, suggesting the sluggish transition of the crystal structure, unlike the previous experiments showing the transition or decomposition of SiC at high pressure and temperature conditions. Inert transitions are confirmed by Raman measurements and annealing experiments using multiple high-pressure apparatuses. The crystallinity may be a hidden critical parameter in the experiments to determine the stable polytypes of SiC under high pressure and temperature.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad4e98
F Minotti and G Modanese
Aharonov-Bohm electrodynamics predicts the existence of traveling waves of pure potentials, with zero electromagnetic fields, denoted as gauge waves, or g-waves for short. In general, these waves cannot be shielded by matter since their lack of electromagnetic fields prevents the material from reacting to them. However, a not-locally-conserved electric current present in the material does interact with the potentials in the wave, giving the possibility of its detection. In [1] the basic theoretical description of a detecting circuit was presented, based on a phenomenological theory of materials that can sustain not-locally-conserved electric currents. In the present work we discuss how that circuit can be built in practice, and used for the effective detection of g-waves.
阿哈诺夫-玻姆电动力学预言存在纯电势的行波，其电磁场为零，称为规波，简称 g 波。一般来说，这些波不能被物质屏蔽，因为它们没有电磁场，物质无法对它们产生反应。然而，存在于物质中的非局部守恒的电流确实会与波中的电势相互作用，从而为探测它提供了可能。文献[1]基于能维持非局部守恒电流的材料现象学理论，提出了探测电路的基本理论描述。在本研究中，我们将讨论如何在实践中构建该电路，并用于有效探测 g 波。
{"title":"Simple circuit and experimental proposal for the detection of gauge-waves","authors":"F Minotti and G Modanese","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad4e98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad4e98","url":null,"abstract":"Aharonov-Bohm electrodynamics predicts the existence of traveling waves of pure potentials, with zero electromagnetic fields, denoted as gauge waves, or g-waves for short. In general, these waves cannot be shielded by matter since their lack of electromagnetic fields prevents the material from reacting to them. However, a not-locally-conserved electric current present in the material does interact with the potentials in the wave, giving the possibility of its detection. In [1] the basic theoretical description of a detecting circuit was presented, based on a phenomenological theory of materials that can sustain not-locally-conserved electric currents. In the present work we discuss how that circuit can be built in practice, and used for the effective detection of g-waves.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad4e97
V. J. Jalal
In this study, polymer nanocomposite based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and silver nitrate (AgNO3) has been prepared through chemical reduction rate and casting method for varying concentrations of AgNO3. The PVP/PVA blend consisted of 0.6 wt.% PVP and 0.4 wt.% PVA. Following that, polymer nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating different concentrations of AgNO3 (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt.%) into the polymer blend. The effects of different concentrations of AgNO3 on the structural and optical properties of the PVP/PVA blend were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The XRD analysis demonstrated that increasing the concentration of AgNO3 results in a decrease in the degree of crystallinity from 53.73 in the PVP/PVA blend to 15.77 in the PVP/PVA nanocomposite containing 50 wt.% AgNO3. UV-Vis absorbance spectra were examined to determine optical properties such as the absorption coefficient, absorption edge, optical band gap, and tails of localized states. The results revealed that the increase in AgNO3 concentrations caused a reduction in the absorption edge and optical band gap, alongside an increase in Urbach energy.
{"title":"Structural and optical properties of polymer blend nanocomposites based on PVP/PVA incorporated AgNO3","authors":"V. J. Jalal","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad4e97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad4e97","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, polymer nanocomposite based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and silver nitrate (AgNO3) has been prepared through chemical reduction rate and casting method for varying concentrations of AgNO3. The PVP/PVA blend consisted of 0.6 wt.% PVP and 0.4 wt.% PVA. Following that, polymer nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating different concentrations of AgNO3 (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt.%) into the polymer blend. The effects of different concentrations of AgNO3 on the structural and optical properties of the PVP/PVA blend were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The XRD analysis demonstrated that increasing the concentration of AgNO3 results in a decrease in the degree of crystallinity from 53.73 in the PVP/PVA blend to 15.77 in the PVP/PVA nanocomposite containing 50 wt.% AgNO3. UV-Vis absorbance spectra were examined to determine optical properties such as the absorption coefficient, absorption edge, optical band gap, and tails of localized states. The results revealed that the increase in AgNO3 concentrations caused a reduction in the absorption edge and optical band gap, alongside an increase in Urbach energy.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad48d3
Anka van de Merbel, Jasper Peer, Sanne JW Willems, Julia Cramer
Technology experts, industry leaders, and policy makers expect that a revolution in quantum technology is imminent. From earlier emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, it has become clear that an early connection with the public is beneficial for the societal impact of the technology. However, little research has yet been done on public attitudes and knowledge of quantum science and technology. In this work, we quantitatively measure the attitude of N = 145 citizens of Leiden (NL) towards quantum science and technology and probe their knowledge on quantum concepts. Results indicate that these citizens have heard about ‘quantum’ through a wide variety of sources. They see quantum as globally important and admirable and most would like to learn more about quantum, but they do feel disconnected from developments in the field. Recommendations for the future include emphasizing any personal connections between citizens and quantum, adapting explanations to fit any level of education, and providing either reliable sources or a framework for critically evaluating quantum-related information.
技术专家、行业领袖和政策制定者都预计，量子技术革命即将到来。从早期的新兴技术（如纳米技术）可以看出，尽早与公众建立联系有利于技术的社会影响。然而，有关公众对量子科技的态度和知识的研究还很少。在这项工作中，我们定量测量了 N = 145 名莱顿（荷兰）市民对量子科技的态度，并探究了他们对量子概念的认识。结果表明，这些市民通过各种渠道听说过 "量子"。他们认为量子在全球具有重要意义，令人钦佩，大多数人希望了解更多有关量子的知识，但他们确实感到与该领域的发展脱节。对未来的建议包括强调公民与量子之间的任何个人联系，调整解释以适应任何教育水平，并提供可靠的来源或批判性评估量子相关信息的框架。
{"title":"“Quantum technology will change my life.”Citizens’ attitudes and knowledge of quantum science and technology","authors":"Anka van de Merbel, Jasper Peer, Sanne JW Willems, Julia Cramer","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad48d3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad48d3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Technology experts, industry leaders, and policy makers expect that a revolution in quantum technology is imminent. From earlier emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, it has become clear that an early connection with the public is beneficial for the societal impact of the technology. However, little research has yet been done on public attitudes and knowledge of quantum science and technology. In this work, we quantitatively measure the attitude of N = 145 citizens of Leiden (NL) towards quantum science and technology and probe their knowledge on quantum concepts. Results indicate that these citizens have heard about ‘quantum’ through a wide variety of sources. They see quantum as globally important and admirable and most would like to learn more about quantum, but they do feel disconnected from developments in the field. Recommendations for the future include emphasizing any personal connections between citizens and quantum, adapting explanations to fit any level of education, and providing either reliable sources or a framework for critically evaluating quantum-related information.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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