Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad48d5
Eduardo Alberto Suárez-Pérez, Renato Lemus
In this contribution an approach to calculate Franck-Condon factors (FCFs) is presented. The method is based on the knowledge of the quantum harmonic oscillator system, a familiar system included in any course of quantum mechanics. The advantage of this approach is that it is possible to calculate Franck-Condon factors associated with general potentials based on the knowledge of the harmonic oscillator theory. First the coordinate and momentum representations are introduced. Based on this concept, the discrete variable representation (DVR) is proposed, which allows the Franck-Condon factors to be calculated in a simple form. This method takes advantage of the momentum as generator of translations to include the displacement of the potentials. The calculation of the FCFs is exemplified for transitions involving the ground state X 1Σ+ g and the excited state a 1Πg of the diatomic molecule 14N2.
本文提出了一种计算弗兰克-康顿因子（FCF）的方法。该方法以量子谐振子系统的知识为基础，而谐振子系统是量子力学课程中大家都熟悉的系统。这种方法的优势在于，它可以基于谐振子理论知识计算与一般势相关的弗兰克-康顿因子。首先介绍坐标和动量表示。在此概念基础上，提出了离散变量表示法（DVR），它允许以简单的形式计算 Franck-Condon 因子。这种方法利用动量作为平移发生器的优势，包含了势的位移。以涉及二原子分子 14N2 的基态 X 1Σ+ g 和激发态 a 1Πg 的跃迁为例，说明了弗朗克-康顿因子的计算方法。
{"title":"An approach to calculate Franck-Condon factors involving anharmonic potentials using harmonic oscillator bases","authors":"Eduardo Alberto Suárez-Pérez, Renato Lemus","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad48d5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad48d5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this contribution an approach to calculate Franck-Condon factors (FCFs) is presented. The method is based on the knowledge of the quantum harmonic oscillator system, a familiar system included in any course of quantum mechanics. The advantage of this approach is that it is possible to calculate Franck-Condon factors associated with general potentials based on the knowledge of the harmonic oscillator theory. First the coordinate and momentum representations are introduced. Based on this concept, the discrete variable representation (DVR) is proposed, which allows the Franck-Condon factors to be calculated in a simple form. This method takes advantage of the momentum as generator of translations to include the displacement of the potentials. The calculation of the FCFs is exemplified for transitions involving the ground state X\u0000 1Σ+\u0000 g and the excited state a\u0000 1Πg of the diatomic molecule 14N2.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad48d4
S. Roy, Atanu Ghosh, Muruga Lokesh, Gokul Nalupurackal, Snigdhadev Chakraborty, J. Goswami, V. Bhallamudi, S. Dhomkar, Basudev Roy
In this article, we explore the effect of two different infrared (IR) laser wavelengths on the optical properties of trapped nano-diamonds containing high-density ensembles of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers. We investigate 975 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths for trapping lasers and find that NV photoluminescence quenching is more prominent for 1064 nm illumination than for 975 nm illumination when simultaneously excited with a 532 nm laser. In order to understand the underlying mechanism, we develop a rate-equation-based model that takes into account various transition probabilities. The model suggests that the findings cannot be explained only by imposing modification of the NV charge-state ratio under varied illumination wavelengths, and, thus, we speculate that the effective ionization and recombination rates associated with NV charge states for the studied samples are highly wavelength-dependent in the probed regime. Importantly, the results demonstrate that 975 nm laser is desirable for optical trapping of NV-diamonds, especially for NV-based sensing applications.
{"title":"Comparison of Optical Trapping wavelengths for Nanoscopic Diamonds containing Nitrogen-Vacancy centers","authors":"S. Roy, Atanu Ghosh, Muruga Lokesh, Gokul Nalupurackal, Snigdhadev Chakraborty, J. Goswami, V. Bhallamudi, S. Dhomkar, Basudev Roy","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad48d4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad48d4","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this article, we explore the effect of two different infrared (IR) laser wavelengths on the optical properties of trapped nano-diamonds containing high-density ensembles of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers. We investigate 975 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths for trapping lasers and find that NV photoluminescence quenching is more prominent for 1064 nm illumination than for 975 nm illumination when simultaneously excited with a 532 nm laser. In order to understand the underlying mechanism, we develop a rate-equation-based model that takes into account various transition probabilities. The model suggests that the findings cannot be explained only by imposing modification of the NV charge-state ratio under varied illumination wavelengths, and, thus, we speculate that the effective ionization and recombination rates associated with NV charge states for the studied samples are highly wavelength-dependent in the probed regime. Importantly, the results demonstrate that 975 nm laser is desirable for optical trapping of NV-diamonds, especially for NV-based sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From the viewpoint of the Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of the fermion system, the maximum geminal of the second-order reduced density matrix of the superconducting state exactly corresponds to the Cooper pair. In this paper the entanglement entropy (EE) for the maximum geminal of the BCS ground state is evaluated. The EE behaves logarithmically with respect to the number of the maximum geminal. Furthermore, the disappearance point of superconductivity is defined on the basis of the fermion BEC. In the superconducting ground state, almost all electrons in the energy width of the gap parameter near the Fermi level are condensed as a maximum geminal. They suddenly change to normal electrons with a finite gap of the EE at the disappearance point like a first-order phase transition.
{"title":"Entanglement entropy of the maximum geminal of the BCS ground state","authors":"Katsuhiko Higuchi, Itsuki Tanno, Ryo Ito, Masahiko Higuchi","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad3b63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad3b63","url":null,"abstract":"From the viewpoint of the Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of the fermion system, the maximum geminal of the second-order reduced density matrix of the superconducting state exactly corresponds to the Cooper pair. In this paper the entanglement entropy (EE) for the maximum geminal of the BCS ground state is evaluated. The EE behaves logarithmically with respect to the number of the maximum geminal. Furthermore, the disappearance point of superconductivity is defined on the basis of the fermion BEC. In the superconducting ground state, almost all electrons in the energy width of the gap parameter near the Fermi level are condensed as a maximum geminal. They suddenly change to normal electrons with a finite gap of the EE at the disappearance point like a first-order phase transition.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad3b62
Pascal Grange
A non-conserving zero-range process with extensive creation, annihilation and hopping rates is subjected to local resetting. The model is formulated on a large, fully-connected network of states. The states are equipped with a (bounded) fitness level: particles are added to each state at a rate proportional to the fitness level of the state. Moreover, particles are annihilated at a constant rate, and hop at a fixed rate to a uniformly-drawn state in the network. This model has been interpreted in terms of population dynamics: the fitness is the reproductive fitness in a haploid population, and the hopping process models mutation. It has also been interpreted as a model of network growth with a fixed set of nodes (in which particles occupying a state are interpreted as links pointing to this state). In the absence of resetting, the model is known to reach a steady state, which in a certain limit may exhibit a condensate at maximum fitness. If the model is subjected to global resetting by annihilating all particles at Poisson-distributed times, there is no condensation in the steady state. If the system is subjected to local resetting, the occupation numbers of each state are reset to zero at independent random times. These times are distributed according to a Poisson process whose rate (the resetting rate) depends on the fitness. We derive the evolution equation satisfied by the probability law of the occupation numbers. We calculate the average occupation numbers in the steady state. The existence of a condensate is found to depend on the local behavior of the resetting rate at maximum fitness: if the resetting rate vanishes at least linearly at high fitness, a condensate appears at maximum fitness in the limit where the sum of the annihilation and hopping rates is equal to the maximum fitness.
{"title":"Local resetting in non-conserving zero-range processes with extensive rates","authors":"Pascal Grange","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad3b62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad3b62","url":null,"abstract":"A non-conserving zero-range process with extensive creation, annihilation and hopping rates is subjected to local resetting. The model is formulated on a large, fully-connected network of states. The states are equipped with a (bounded) fitness level: particles are added to each state at a rate proportional to the fitness level of the state. Moreover, particles are annihilated at a constant rate, and hop at a fixed rate to a uniformly-drawn state in the network. This model has been interpreted in terms of population dynamics: the fitness is the reproductive fitness in a haploid population, and the hopping process models mutation. It has also been interpreted as a model of network growth with a fixed set of nodes (in which particles occupying a state are interpreted as links pointing to this state). In the absence of resetting, the model is known to reach a steady state, which in a certain limit may exhibit a condensate at maximum fitness. If the model is subjected to global resetting by annihilating all particles at Poisson-distributed times, there is no condensation in the steady state. If the system is subjected to local resetting, the occupation numbers of each state are reset to zero at independent random times. These times are distributed according to a Poisson process whose rate (the resetting rate) depends on the fitness. We derive the evolution equation satisfied by the probability law of the occupation numbers. We calculate the average occupation numbers in the steady state. The existence of a condensate is found to depend on the local behavior of the resetting rate at maximum fitness: if the resetting rate vanishes at least linearly at high fitness, a condensate appears at maximum fitness in the limit where the sum of the annihilation and hopping rates is equal to the maximum fitness.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140616032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad4001
K. Fedus, Grzegorz Karwasz
Modified effective range theory is applied as a tool to determine bound and virtual state energies in low-energy positron elastic scattering by atoms and molecules. This is achieved by the S-matrix continuation into the complex momentum plane, allowing to identify poles related to shallow energy states. The influence of the long-range polarization potential (~r^-4) on the bound and virtual-state pole positions is analyzed for noble gases and nonpolar molecules such as H2, N2, and CH4. The quantitative relations between the S-matrix poles and the s-wave scattering length accounting for dipole polarization are introduced.
在原子和分子的低能正电子弹性散射中，修正有效范围理论被用作确定束缚态和虚拟态能量的工具。这是通过将 S 矩阵延续到复动量平面来实现的，从而确定了与浅能态相关的极点。针对惰性气体和非极性分子（如 H2、N2 和 CH4），分析了长程极化势 (~r^-4) 对束缚态和虚态极点位置的影响。介绍了 S 矩阵极点与考虑偶极极化的 s 波散射长度之间的定量关系。
{"title":"Virtual and bound states in low-energy positron scattering by atoms and molecules via modified effective range theory","authors":"K. Fedus, Grzegorz Karwasz","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad4001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad4001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Modified effective range theory is applied as a tool to determine bound and virtual state energies in low-energy positron elastic scattering by atoms and molecules. This is achieved by the S-matrix continuation into the complex momentum plane, allowing to identify poles related to shallow energy states. The influence of the long-range polarization potential (~r^-4) on the bound and virtual-state pole positions is analyzed for noble gases and nonpolar molecules such as H2, N2, and CH4. The quantitative relations between the S-matrix poles and the s-wave scattering length accounting for dipole polarization are introduced.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad2b8d
Nguyen Ngoc Duy
In this article, we consider the weighted conical Radon transform—the transform is motivated by Compton camera imaging as well as optical tomography. Our contribution involves introducing new inversion formulas for the weighted conical Radon transform, including explicit formulas and properties associated with convolution frames. Furthermore, we propose reconstruction formulas that solve for variety weighted parameters in the two-dimensional space.
{"title":"Analysis of the weighted conical Radon transform","authors":"Nguyen Ngoc Duy","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad2b8d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad2b8d","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we consider the weighted conical Radon transform—the transform is motivated by Compton camera imaging as well as optical tomography. Our contribution involves introducing new inversion formulas for the weighted conical Radon transform, including explicit formulas and properties associated with convolution frames. Furthermore, we propose reconstruction formulas that solve for variety weighted parameters in the two-dimensional space.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad37ef
A. Müller, J. Koester, L. S. Theurer, Jörg Fricke, H. Wenzel, Andrea C. Knigge, B. Sumpf
A monolithically integrated dual-wavelength multimode interference coupler-based master oscillator power amplifier is presented. It consists of two shallowly etched, laterally separated ridge waveguide laser cavities as master oscillators with individual distributed Bragg reflector gratings as cavity mirrors. A deeply etched coupling section containing S-bend shaped waveguides and a multimode interference coupler is used to couple the laser emission of the master oscillators into a shallowly etched single waveguide serving as power amplifier. Changing the etch depth for the coupling section enables a compact device layout. In addition, increased radiation angles of modes not coupled into the power amplifier help to suppress beam steering, otherwise indicated by laterally separated far-field intensity distributions. The device provides 0.5 W of dual-wavelength emission around 830 nm in individual and common operation. As designed, both emission wavelengths are separated by 0.5 nm with spectral widths below 20 pm, limited by the spectral resolution of the spectrometer. Both peak wavelengths remain within spectral windows of 50 pm within the available power range. This enables full flexibility selecting operating points for applications such as shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy and the generation of THz emission by photomixing. The emission wavelengths can additionally be non-continuously tuned by applying a heater current to resistors implemented next to the distributed Bragg reflector gratings. As an example, selected spectral distances of 0.5 nm, 1.0 nm, 1.5 nm, and 2.0 nm are demonstrated. Near field widths of 5 µm and far field angles of 17° result in beam propagation ratios of 1.4 (1/e2) in all operation modes and enable easy beam shaping or optical single-mode fiber coupling.
{"title":"Monolithically integrated multimode interference coupler-based master oscillator power amplifier with dual-wavelength emission around 830 nm","authors":"A. Müller, J. Koester, L. S. Theurer, Jörg Fricke, H. Wenzel, Andrea C. Knigge, B. Sumpf","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad37ef","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad37ef","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A monolithically integrated dual-wavelength multimode interference coupler-based master oscillator power amplifier is presented. It consists of two shallowly etched, laterally separated ridge waveguide laser cavities as master oscillators with individual distributed Bragg reflector gratings as cavity mirrors. A deeply etched coupling section containing S-bend shaped waveguides and a multimode interference coupler is used to couple the laser emission of the master oscillators into a shallowly etched single waveguide serving as power amplifier. Changing the etch depth for the coupling section enables a compact device layout. In addition, increased radiation angles of modes not coupled into the power amplifier help to suppress beam steering, otherwise indicated by laterally separated far-field intensity distributions. The device provides 0.5 W of dual-wavelength emission around 830 nm in individual and common operation. As designed, both emission wavelengths are separated by 0.5 nm with spectral widths below 20 pm, limited by the spectral resolution of the spectrometer. Both peak wavelengths remain within spectral windows of 50 pm within the available power range. This enables full flexibility selecting operating points for applications such as shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy and the generation of THz emission by photomixing. The emission wavelengths can additionally be non-continuously tuned by applying a heater current to resistors implemented next to the distributed Bragg reflector gratings. As an example, selected spectral distances of 0.5 nm, 1.0 nm, 1.5 nm, and 2.0 nm are demonstrated. Near field widths of 5 µm and far field angles of 17° result in beam propagation ratios of 1.4 (1/e2) in all operation modes and enable easy beam shaping or optical single-mode fiber coupling.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140378896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad360c
Shiliang Zhong, Jianxin Lin, Jianqi Shen
The electrical field of hollow vortex Gaussian beam (HVGB) with an arbitrary combination of the beam order and topological charge is formulated by using the cylindrical wave spectrum representation (CWSR), which satisfies Maxwell’s equations rigorously and allows to study analytically and numerically the evolution of the beam along its propagation in the source region and the near/far- field regions. It is found that in the source region there exists a sharp and very narrow peak, due to the contribution of evanescent waves when the beam order and the topological charge satisfy specific relations. The effect of the spiral phase plate (SPP) in generating a non-vortex Gaussian beam to a vortex one is explained. Besides, it is found that the divergence of the beam is mainly determined by the topological charge and the hollow structure is mainly determined by the beam order.
{"title":"Hollow vortex gaussian beam expressed in terms of cylindrical wave","authors":"Shiliang Zhong, Jianxin Lin, Jianqi Shen","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad360c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad360c","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The electrical field of hollow vortex Gaussian beam (HVGB) with an arbitrary combination of the beam order and topological charge is formulated by using the cylindrical wave spectrum representation (CWSR), which satisfies Maxwell’s equations rigorously and allows to study analytically and numerically the evolution of the beam along its propagation in the source region and the near/far- field regions. It is found that in the source region there exists a sharp and very narrow peak, due to the contribution of evanescent waves when the beam order and the topological charge satisfy specific relations. The effect of the spiral phase plate (SPP) in generating a non-vortex Gaussian beam to a vortex one is explained. Besides, it is found that the divergence of the beam is mainly determined by the topological charge and the hollow structure is mainly determined by the beam order.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ad335e
Admasu Abawari, Yitagesu Elfaged
We analyzed the perturbation effect of temperature on the moisture content in the atmosphere,considering the saturation phenomenon. The air parcels of a saturated atmosphere are made of dry air, vapor, cloud, and rain water that flow on a rotating Earth, with a temperature perturbations induced at 9o1′48”N, 38o44′24”E and 6.324km above the Earth’s surface. The fundamental atmospheric parameter of this saturated moist air was treated as temperature-dependent, and the pressure force exerted on it by the precipitation and cloud water is not considered in the numerical computation. In this proposed research, the initial value of wind speed along zonal, meridional, and vertical directions varies with elevation, and the interaction of the atmosphere with the Earth’s surface is not neglected. The result of the investigation revealed that a single tropospheric disturbance of an atmospheric variable is a major factor in the spread of different long period waves patterns (350 hours) and this atmospheric oscillations play a crucial role in transferring energy, momentum, and mass across different parts of the atmosphere, impacting global climate systems.
{"title":"Influence of temperature perturbation on moisture dynamics","authors":"Admasu Abawari, Yitagesu Elfaged","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad335e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad335e","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We analyzed the perturbation effect of temperature on the moisture content in the atmosphere,considering the saturation phenomenon. The air parcels of a saturated atmosphere are made of dry air, vapor, cloud, and rain water that flow on a rotating Earth, with a temperature perturbations induced at 9o1′48”N, 38o44′24”E and 6.324km above the Earth’s surface. The fundamental atmospheric parameter of this saturated moist air was treated as temperature-dependent, and the pressure force exerted on it by the precipitation and cloud water is not considered in the numerical computation. In this proposed research, the initial value of wind speed along zonal, meridional, and vertical directions varies with elevation, and the interaction of the atmosphere with the Earth’s surface is not neglected. The result of the investigation revealed that a single tropospheric disturbance of an atmospheric variable is a major factor in the spread of different long period waves patterns (350 hours) and this atmospheric oscillations play a crucial role in transferring energy, momentum, and mass across different parts of the atmosphere, impacting global climate systems.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in a diamond enables the access to an electron spin, which is expected to present highly sensitive quantum sensors. Although exploiting a nitrogen nuclear spin improves the sensitivity, manipulating it using a resonant pulse requires a long gate time owing to its small gyromagnetic ratio. Another technique to control nuclear spins is a conditional rotation gate based on dynamical decoupling, which is faster but unavailable for nitrogen spins owing to the lack of transverse hyperfine coupling with the electron spin. In this study, we generated effective transverse coupling by applying a weak off-axis magnetic field. An effective coupling depends on the off-axis field; the conditional rotation gate on the nitrogen-14 spins of an NV center was demonstrated within 4.2 μs under an 1.8% off-axis field and a longitudinal field of approximately 280 mT. We estimated that a population transfer from the electron to nitrogen spins can be implemented with 8.7 μs. Our method is applicable to an ensemble of NV centers, in addition to a single NV center.
{"title":"Fast coherent control of nitrogen-14 spins associated with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds using dynamical decoupling","authors":"Kosuke Mizuno, Ikuya Fujisaki, Hiroyoshi Tomioka, Hitoshi Ishiwata, Shinobu Onoda, Takayuki Iwasaki, Keigo Arai, Mutsuko Hatano","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ad2b8b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad2b8b","url":null,"abstract":"A nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in a diamond enables the access to an electron spin, which is expected to present highly sensitive quantum sensors. Although exploiting a nitrogen nuclear spin improves the sensitivity, manipulating it using a resonant pulse requires a long gate time owing to its small gyromagnetic ratio. Another technique to control nuclear spins is a conditional rotation gate based on dynamical decoupling, which is faster but unavailable for nitrogen spins owing to the lack of transverse hyperfine coupling with the electron spin. In this study, we generated effective transverse coupling by applying a weak off-axis magnetic field. An effective coupling depends on the off-axis field; the conditional rotation gate on the nitrogen-14 spins of an NV center was demonstrated within 4.2 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>s under an 1.8% off-axis field and a longitudinal field of approximately 280 mT. We estimated that a population transfer from the electron to nitrogen spins can be implemented with 8.7 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>s. Our method is applicable to an ensemble of NV centers, in addition to a single NV center.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：