Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ace416
S. Deguchi, M. Asai
Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have been a promising machine learning model for evaluating various physical problems. Despite their success in solving many types of partial differential equations (PDEs), some problems have been found to be difficult to learn, implying that the baseline PINNs is biased towards learning the governing PDEs while relatively neglecting given initial or boundary conditions. In this work, we propose Dynamically Normalized Physics-Informed Neural Networks (DN-PINNs), a method to train PINNs while evenly distributing multiple back-propagated gradient components. DN-PINNs determine the relative weights assigned to initial or boundary condition losses based on gradient norms, and the weights are updated dynamically during training. Through several numerical experiments, we demonstrate that DN-PINNs effectively avoids the imbalance in multiple gradients and improves the inference accuracy while keeping the additional computational cost within a reasonable range. Furthermore, we compare DN-PINNs with other PINNs variants and empirically show that DN-PINNs is competitive with or outperforms them. In addition, since DN-PINN uses exponential decay to update the relative weight, the weights obtained are biased toward the initial values. We study this initialization bias and show that a simple bias correction technique can alleviate this problem.
{"title":"Dynamic & norm-based weights to normalize imbalance in back-propagated gradients of physics-informed neural networks","authors":"S. Deguchi, M. Asai","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ace416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ace416","url":null,"abstract":"Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have been a promising machine learning model for evaluating various physical problems. Despite their success in solving many types of partial differential equations (PDEs), some problems have been found to be difficult to learn, implying that the baseline PINNs is biased towards learning the governing PDEs while relatively neglecting given initial or boundary conditions. In this work, we propose Dynamically Normalized Physics-Informed Neural Networks (DN-PINNs), a method to train PINNs while evenly distributing multiple back-propagated gradient components. DN-PINNs determine the relative weights assigned to initial or boundary condition losses based on gradient norms, and the weights are updated dynamically during training. Through several numerical experiments, we demonstrate that DN-PINNs effectively avoids the imbalance in multiple gradients and improves the inference accuracy while keeping the additional computational cost within a reasonable range. Furthermore, we compare DN-PINNs with other PINNs variants and empirically show that DN-PINNs is competitive with or outperforms them. In addition, since DN-PINN uses exponential decay to update the relative weight, the weights obtained are biased toward the initial values. We study this initialization bias and show that a simple bias correction technique can alleviate this problem.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44954100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ace236
Tomoya Aizawa, M. Higuchi, K. Higuchi
A finite-temperature current-density functional theory for bosonic superfluids (sf-CDFT) in the thermal equilibrium state is proposed herein. In the sf-CDFT, hydrodynamic physical quantities, such as particle number density, current density, and the order parameter of the Bose–Einstein condensation, are chosen as the basic variables. This theory enables the simultaneous reproduction of the particle number and current densities of both the superfluid and normal fluid components with incorporating effects of the interaction between these components. Specifically, these components are determined by solving two single-particle equations, i.e., the Gross–Pitaevskii–Kohn–Sham and Kohn–Sham equations. Furthermore, using the continuity equation of superfluids, we present the sum rule for the exchange-correlation energy functional of the sf-CDFT, which is useful for developing the approximate form.
{"title":"Current-density functional theory for bosonic superfluids","authors":"Tomoya Aizawa, M. Higuchi, K. Higuchi","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/ace236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ace236","url":null,"abstract":"A finite-temperature current-density functional theory for bosonic superfluids (sf-CDFT) in the thermal equilibrium state is proposed herein. In the sf-CDFT, hydrodynamic physical quantities, such as particle number density, current density, and the order parameter of the Bose–Einstein condensation, are chosen as the basic variables. This theory enables the simultaneous reproduction of the particle number and current densities of both the superfluid and normal fluid components with incorporating effects of the interaction between these components. Specifically, these components are determined by solving two single-particle equations, i.e., the Gross–Pitaevskii–Kohn–Sham and Kohn–Sham equations. Furthermore, using the continuity equation of superfluids, we present the sum rule for the exchange-correlation energy functional of the sf-CDFT, which is useful for developing the approximate form.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46501306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/acde44
Huai-Yu Wang
In quantum mechanics textbooks, a single-particle scattering theory is introduced. In the present work, a generalized scattering theory is presented, which can be in principle applied to the scattering problems of arbitrary number of particle. In laboratory frame, a generalized Lippmann-Schwinger scattering equation is derived. We emphasized that the derivation is rigorous, even for treating infinitesimals. No manual operation such as analytical continuation is allowed. In the case that before scattering N particles are plane waves and after the scattering they are new plane waves, the transition amplitude and transition probability are given and the generalized S matrix is presented. It is proved that the transition probability from a set of plane waves to a new set of plane waves of the N particles equal to that of the reciprocal process. The generalized theory is applied to the cases of one- and two-particle scattering as two examples. When applied to single-particle scattering problems, our generalized formalism degrades to that usually seen in the literature. When our generalized theory is applied to two-particle scattering problems, the formula of the transition probability of two-particle collision is given. It is shown that the transition probability of the scattering of two free particles is identical to that of the reciprocal process. This transition probability and the identity are needed in deriving Boltzmann transport equation in statistical mechanics. The case of identical particles is also discussed.
{"title":"A generalized scattering theory in quantum mechanics","authors":"Huai-Yu Wang","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/acde44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/acde44","url":null,"abstract":"In quantum mechanics textbooks, a single-particle scattering theory is introduced. In the present work, a generalized scattering theory is presented, which can be in principle applied to the scattering problems of arbitrary number of particle. In laboratory frame, a generalized Lippmann-Schwinger scattering equation is derived. We emphasized that the derivation is rigorous, even for treating infinitesimals. No manual operation such as analytical continuation is allowed. In the case that before scattering N particles are plane waves and after the scattering they are new plane waves, the transition amplitude and transition probability are given and the generalized S matrix is presented. It is proved that the transition probability from a set of plane waves to a new set of plane waves of the N particles equal to that of the reciprocal process. The generalized theory is applied to the cases of one- and two-particle scattering as two examples. When applied to single-particle scattering problems, our generalized formalism degrades to that usually seen in the literature. When our generalized theory is applied to two-particle scattering problems, the formula of the transition probability of two-particle collision is given. It is shown that the transition probability of the scattering of two free particles is identical to that of the reciprocal process. This transition probability and the identity are needed in deriving Boltzmann transport equation in statistical mechanics. The case of identical particles is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48284314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/accdcc
S. Islam
{"title":"Retraction notice – ‘Entropy optimization in MHD nanofluid flow over a curved exponentially stretching surface with binary chemical reaction and Arrhenius activation energy’ Saeed Islam et al 2020 J. Phys. Commun. 4 075021","authors":"S. Islam","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/accdcc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/accdcc","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41424827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/acdbbb
Yi Zhou, Hao Wang, Lifeng Wang, Lei Dong, Qing-An Huang
Non-reciprocal devices that allow a signal to be transmitted only in one direction are important for full-duplex communications. Due to the requirements of miniaturized systems, there has been an increase interest in non-magnetic non-reciprocal devices in recent years. Based on parity-time (PT) symmetric inductors-capacitors (LC) resonators, this paper has proposed non-reciprocal transmission configurations by PT-symmetry breaking. In the configuration, the coupled capacitance between the two coupled LC resonators can be adjusted so that the transmission frequency is tunable. At the same time, the resonant frequency and transmission frequency have been discriminated to optimize the non-reciprocal transmission. The configuration has been implemented by utilizing discrete components on a printed circuit board (PCB). It demonstrates that the center operation frequency of 14.05 MHz with the bandwidth 4 MHz, the insertion loss 0.32 dB, and the isolation 11 dB is adjusted to the center operation frequency of 14.95 MHz with the bandwidth 4.6 MHz, the insertion loss 0.716 dB, and the isolation 14.5 dB.
{"title":"Non-reciprocal transmission of coupled LC resonators through parity-time symmetry breaking","authors":"Yi Zhou, Hao Wang, Lifeng Wang, Lei Dong, Qing-An Huang","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/acdbbb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/acdbbb","url":null,"abstract":"Non-reciprocal devices that allow a signal to be transmitted only in one direction are important for full-duplex communications. Due to the requirements of miniaturized systems, there has been an increase interest in non-magnetic non-reciprocal devices in recent years. Based on parity-time (PT) symmetric inductors-capacitors (LC) resonators, this paper has proposed non-reciprocal transmission configurations by PT-symmetry breaking. In the configuration, the coupled capacitance between the two coupled LC resonators can be adjusted so that the transmission frequency is tunable. At the same time, the resonant frequency and transmission frequency have been discriminated to optimize the non-reciprocal transmission. The configuration has been implemented by utilizing discrete components on a printed circuit board (PCB). It demonstrates that the center operation frequency of 14.05 MHz with the bandwidth 4 MHz, the insertion loss 0.32 dB, and the isolation 11 dB is adjusted to the center operation frequency of 14.95 MHz with the bandwidth 4.6 MHz, the insertion loss 0.716 dB, and the isolation 14.5 dB.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46747519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/acdc83
A. Singal
It is well known that the light-ray trajectories follow a curved path in a gravitational field. This has been confirmed observationally where light rays coming from distant astronomical objects are seen to get bent in Sun’s gravitational field. We explore here the bending of electric field lines due to gravity. We determine, from a theoretical perspective, not only the exact shapes of the bent trajectories of light rays, emitted isotropically by a source supported in a gravitational field, but also demonstrate that the electric field lines of a charge, supported in a gravitational field, follow exactly the trajectories of light rays emitted isotropically from a source at the charge location. From a detailed examination of the electrostatic field of a charge accelerated uniformly in the instantaneous rest frame, exploiting the strong principle of equivalence, we determine the bending of the electric field lines of a charge in a gravitational field. The fraction of electric field lines crossing a surface, stationary above or below the charge in the gravitational field, are shown to be exactly similar to the fraction of light-ray trajectories intersecting that surface, emanating from a source lying at the charge location. On the other hand, for a freely falling charge in the gravitational field there is no such bending of electric field lines. The field lines continue to extend in radial straight lines from the instantaneous ‘present’ position of the charge, as do the trajectories of light rays spreading away from the instantaneous position of a freely falling source in the gravitational field. The electric field configuration of a freely falling charge in the gravitational field is shown to be exactly the same as that of a charge moving uniformly in an inertial frame with velocity equal to the instantaneous ‘present’ velocity of the freely falling charge.
{"title":"Bending of electric field lines and light-ray trajectories in a static gravitational field","authors":"A. Singal","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/acdc83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/acdc83","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that the light-ray trajectories follow a curved path in a gravitational field. This has been confirmed observationally where light rays coming from distant astronomical objects are seen to get bent in Sun’s gravitational field. We explore here the bending of electric field lines due to gravity. We determine, from a theoretical perspective, not only the exact shapes of the bent trajectories of light rays, emitted isotropically by a source supported in a gravitational field, but also demonstrate that the electric field lines of a charge, supported in a gravitational field, follow exactly the trajectories of light rays emitted isotropically from a source at the charge location. From a detailed examination of the electrostatic field of a charge accelerated uniformly in the instantaneous rest frame, exploiting the strong principle of equivalence, we determine the bending of the electric field lines of a charge in a gravitational field. The fraction of electric field lines crossing a surface, stationary above or below the charge in the gravitational field, are shown to be exactly similar to the fraction of light-ray trajectories intersecting that surface, emanating from a source lying at the charge location. On the other hand, for a freely falling charge in the gravitational field there is no such bending of electric field lines. The field lines continue to extend in radial straight lines from the instantaneous ‘present’ position of the charge, as do the trajectories of light rays spreading away from the instantaneous position of a freely falling source in the gravitational field. The electric field configuration of a freely falling charge in the gravitational field is shown to be exactly the same as that of a charge moving uniformly in an inertial frame with velocity equal to the instantaneous ‘present’ velocity of the freely falling charge.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46644782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/acda7a
T. Mackay, T. Son, A. Haché, A. Lakhtakia
The propagation of surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves at the planar interface of a metal and a dielectric material was investigated for a dielectric material with strongly temperature-dependent constitutive properties. The metal was silver and the dielectric material was vanadium multioxide impregnated with a combination of active dyes. Depending upon the volume fraction of vanadium multioxide, either attenuation or amplification of the SPP waves may be achieved; the degree of attenuation or amplification is strongly dependent on both the temperature and whether the temperature is increasing or decreasing. At intermediate volume fractions of vanadium multioxide, for a fixed temperature, a SPP wave may experience attenuation if the temperature is increasing but experience amplification if the temperature is decreasing.
{"title":"Temperature-induced hysteresis in amplification and attenuation of surface-plasmon-polariton waves","authors":"T. Mackay, T. Son, A. Haché, A. Lakhtakia","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/acda7a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/acda7a","url":null,"abstract":"The propagation of surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves at the planar interface of a metal and a dielectric material was investigated for a dielectric material with strongly temperature-dependent constitutive properties. The metal was silver and the dielectric material was vanadium multioxide impregnated with a combination of active dyes. Depending upon the volume fraction of vanadium multioxide, either attenuation or amplification of the SPP waves may be achieved; the degree of attenuation or amplification is strongly dependent on both the temperature and whether the temperature is increasing or decreasing. At intermediate volume fractions of vanadium multioxide, for a fixed temperature, a SPP wave may experience attenuation if the temperature is increasing but experience amplification if the temperature is decreasing.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44127053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/acd90e
L. Rincón, L. Seijas, R. Almeida, F. Javier Torres
One of the primary obstacles in the development of orbital–free density functional theory is the lack of an accurate functional for the Kohn–Sham non-interacting kinetic energy, which, in addition to its accuracy, must also render a good approximation for its functional derivative. To address this critical issue, we propose the construction of a kinetic energy density functional throught physical- informed neural network, where the neural network’s loss function is designed to simultaneously reproduce the atom’s shell structures, and also, an analytically calculated functional derivative. As a proof-of-concept, we have tested the accuracy of the kinetic energy potential by optimizing electron densities for atoms from Li to Xe.
{"title":"Towards the construction of an accurate kinetic energy density functional and its functional derivative through physics-informed neural networks","authors":"L. Rincón, L. Seijas, R. Almeida, F. Javier Torres","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/acd90e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/acd90e","url":null,"abstract":"One of the primary obstacles in the development of orbital–free density functional theory is the lack of an accurate functional for the Kohn–Sham non-interacting kinetic energy, which, in addition to its accuracy, must also render a good approximation for its functional derivative. To address this critical issue, we propose the construction of a kinetic energy density functional throught physical- informed neural network, where the neural network’s loss function is designed to simultaneously reproduce the atom’s shell structures, and also, an analytically calculated functional derivative. As a proof-of-concept, we have tested the accuracy of the kinetic energy potential by optimizing electron densities for atoms from Li to Xe.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41960917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/acd746
W. Luhs, B. Wellegehausen
Investigations on 405 nm diode-pumped cw ruby lasers operated in less than 3 mm plane-parallel resonators are reported. With 2.5 mm long ruby crystals TEM00 emission with output powers up to 40 mW are achieved. With an uncoated thin etalon of 0.13 mm thickness, single frequency emission on both ruby lines R1 and R2 is possible. With the piezoelectric shifting of one resonator mirror and corresponding tilting of the etalon, single frequency tuning of up to 400 GHz has been achieved. Details of the laser system are presented, and potential applications will be discussed.
{"title":"Diode pumped compact single frequency cw ruby laser","authors":"W. Luhs, B. Wellegehausen","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/acd746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/acd746","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations on 405 nm diode-pumped cw ruby lasers operated in less than 3 mm plane-parallel resonators are reported. With 2.5 mm long ruby crystals TEM00 emission with output powers up to 40 mW are achieved. With an uncoated thin etalon of 0.13 mm thickness, single frequency emission on both ruby lines R1 and R2 is possible. With the piezoelectric shifting of one resonator mirror and corresponding tilting of the etalon, single frequency tuning of up to 400 GHz has been achieved. Details of the laser system are presented, and potential applications will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47405027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/acd748
R. Rajan, S. Ramesh, S. B. Boppana, P. Krishnan
In this study, four different combinations of aluminium metal matrix composites (AMCs) were produced using a computerized stir casting process. The feasibility of using car Scrap Aluminium Engine Head (SAEH) as matrix material, Fresh Alumina Catalyst (FAC) and Spent Alumina Catalyst (SAC) from petrochemical industries as reinforcement material were investigated. The physical and mechanical properties of the cast samples were tested through density, hardness, tensile, compression, and impact test. Microstructural investigations were carried out using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were also conducted to justify the results obtained. The results indicated that SAEH reinforced with 5 wt% SAC exhibited lower porosity (2.6%) and higher Brinell hardness (71.5 BHN), Vickers hardness (307.1 VHN), tensile strength (217 MPa), and compressive strength (426 MPa) than other composites. Additionally, this composite showed the highest impact strength (0.02375 J mm−2) and DTA value (568.5 μV mg−1). The TGA result showed that all composites had high thermal stability, with the SAC-reinforced composites having the highest thermal stability (100.13%).
{"title":"Sustainable development on production and characterization of metal matrix composites using stir casting","authors":"R. Rajan, S. Ramesh, S. B. Boppana, P. Krishnan","doi":"10.1088/2399-6528/acd748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/acd748","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, four different combinations of aluminium metal matrix composites (AMCs) were produced using a computerized stir casting process. The feasibility of using car Scrap Aluminium Engine Head (SAEH) as matrix material, Fresh Alumina Catalyst (FAC) and Spent Alumina Catalyst (SAC) from petrochemical industries as reinforcement material were investigated. The physical and mechanical properties of the cast samples were tested through density, hardness, tensile, compression, and impact test. Microstructural investigations were carried out using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were also conducted to justify the results obtained. The results indicated that SAEH reinforced with 5 wt% SAC exhibited lower porosity (2.6%) and higher Brinell hardness (71.5 BHN), Vickers hardness (307.1 VHN), tensile strength (217 MPa), and compressive strength (426 MPa) than other composites. Additionally, this composite showed the highest impact strength (0.02375 J mm−2) and DTA value (568.5 μV mg−1). The TGA result showed that all composites had high thermal stability, with the SAC-reinforced composites having the highest thermal stability (100.13%).","PeriodicalId":47089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45975203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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