Objective: We tested the impact of subjects' belief in an ingested substance's ergogenic or ergolytic properties on muscular endurance performance and perceived exertion.
Methods: Trained men (n = 15, age = 41 ± 4 y; body mass = 82.1 ± 15.8 kg; height = 173 ± 8 cm; experience = 7.4 ± 2.3 y) completed one set to failure at 80% repetition maximum of the bench press under three conditions. In all conditions, subjects ingested capsules of an identical, inert substance (300 mg cellulose), but, in a randomized order, subjects were told that they were either ingesting caffeine (Placebo), lactic acid (Nocebo), or cellulose (Control) and received information on the respective alleged ergogenic/ergolytic/neutral effects of each. Repetitions completed and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. The data were analyzed among conditions using a Friedman test with post hoc analyses accomplished through Durbin-Conover tests. Spearman correlations were used to compare repetitions performed and RPE between Nocebo and Placebo conditions. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.
Results: Subjects lifted more (P < 0.001) repetitions in the Placebo condition (14.1 ± 3.0) versus Control (10.3 ± 2.9) or Nocebo (7.5 ± 2.6), while Control and Nocebo performances were similar (P = 0.192). Lower RPE was noted in Placebo versus Control (P = 0.003) and Nocebo (P < 0.001) and lower in Control versus Nocebo (P = 0.025). Subjects who performed more repetitions with Placebo tended to perform fewer repetitions under the Nocebo condition (Spearman's Rho =-0.578).
Conclusion: This study believes that the ergogenic or ergolytic properties of a substance can measurably impact upper-body muscular endurance performance and RPE in trained men.
{"title":"Caffeine, lactic acid, or nothing: What effect does expectation have on men's performance and perceived exertion during an upper body muscular endurance task?","authors":"Dara Campelo, Alexander J Koch, Marco Machado","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We tested the impact of subjects' belief in an ingested substance's ergogenic or ergolytic properties on muscular endurance performance and perceived exertion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Trained men (<i>n</i> = 15, age = 41 ± 4 y; body mass = 82.1 ± 15.8 kg; height = 173 ± 8 cm; experience = 7.4 ± 2.3 y) completed one set to failure at 80% repetition maximum of the bench press under three conditions. In all conditions, subjects ingested capsules of an identical, inert substance (300 mg cellulose), but, in a randomized order, subjects were told that they were either ingesting caffeine (Placebo), lactic acid (Nocebo), or cellulose (Control) and received information on the respective alleged ergogenic/ergolytic/neutral effects of each. Repetitions completed and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. The data were analyzed among conditions using a Friedman test with <i>post hoc</i> analyses accomplished through Durbin-Conover tests. Spearman correlations were used to compare repetitions performed and RPE between Nocebo and Placebo conditions. Statistical significance was set at <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjects lifted more (<i>P</i> < 0.001) repetitions in the Placebo condition (14.1 ± 3.0) versus Control (10.3 ± 2.9) or Nocebo (7.5 ± 2.6), while Control and Nocebo performances were similar (<i>P</i> = 0.192). Lower RPE was noted in Placebo versus Control (<i>P</i> = 0.003) and Nocebo (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and lower in Control versus Nocebo (<i>P</i> = 0.025). Subjects who performed more repetitions with Placebo tended to perform fewer repetitions under the Nocebo condition (Spearman's Rho =-0.578).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study believes that the ergogenic or ergolytic properties of a substance can measurably impact upper-body muscular endurance performance and RPE in trained men.</p>","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"17 6","pages":"39-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10624800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shriddha Awasthi, Sharique Ahmad, Rahul Gupta, Mohammed Shariq Iqbal, Ausaf Ahmad
Objectives: The poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is vastly due to late diagnosis. The oral submucosal fibrosis (OSMF) is often unnoticed pathology linked with high risk of malignancy. Recently, we demonstrated that the clinicopathological alterations in OSMF and OSCC patients were correlated with cancer stem cell (CSCs) markers (CD133 and CD44). However, the parallel alterations of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) with CSCs expression are largely unexplored. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between IL-1β alterations and CSC marker expression in both OSMF and OSCC situations.
Materials and methods: A total of 135 people have signed up for the study. There were sixty each in OSMF and OSCC groups, as well as 15 healthy controls. Levels of serum IL-1β were examined by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine the expression of CD133 and CD44. For evaluating differential CSCs expression, IHC scoring (0-4) was utilized.
Results: The IHC results showed maximum subjects in the OSMF and OSCC displaying CD44 and CD133 positivity, although the extent of expression in terms of IHC scoring found variable. CD133 and CD44-positive subjects showed increased levels of IL-1β in the OSMF and OSCC group. Nevertheless, the enhancement of IL-1β is more pronounced in the OSCC cases. Further, we observed a direct link of IL-1β levels with IHC scoring. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a significant role for CD44 and CD133 positivity in the increase of IL-1β levels.
Conclusion: We concluded that concurrent simultaneous changes in CSC biomarkers and IL-1β may help with early detection of OSMF and OSCC conditions.
{"title":"Differential expression of cancer stem cell markers and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral submucosal fibrosis.","authors":"Shriddha Awasthi, Sharique Ahmad, Rahul Gupta, Mohammed Shariq Iqbal, Ausaf Ahmad","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is vastly due to late diagnosis. The oral submucosal fibrosis (OSMF) is often unnoticed pathology linked with high risk of malignancy. Recently, we demonstrated that the clinicopathological alterations in OSMF and OSCC patients were correlated with cancer stem cell (CSCs) markers (CD133 and CD44). However, the parallel alterations of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) with CSCs expression are largely unexplored. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between IL-1β alterations and CSC marker expression in both OSMF and OSCC situations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 135 people have signed up for the study. There were sixty each in OSMF and OSCC groups, as well as 15 healthy controls. Levels of serum IL-1β were examined by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine the expression of CD133 and CD44. For evaluating differential CSCs expression, IHC scoring (0-4) was utilized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IHC results showed maximum subjects in the OSMF and OSCC displaying CD44 and CD133 positivity, although the extent of expression in terms of IHC scoring found variable. CD133 and CD44-positive subjects showed increased levels of IL-1β in the OSMF and OSCC group. Nevertheless, the enhancement of IL-1β is more pronounced in the OSCC cases. Further, we observed a direct link of IL-1β levels with IHC scoring. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a significant role for CD44 and CD133 positivity in the increase of IL-1β levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We concluded that concurrent simultaneous changes in CSC biomarkers and IL-1β may help with early detection of OSMF and OSCC conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"17 6","pages":"28-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10624801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v7n3.14501
Weili Lin, Penghui Wang, Fulai Cai, Runming Zhong
To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in evaluating skeletal muscle perfusion in Type 2 diabetic patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusion. 80 patients with type 2 diabetes were prospectively studied and divided into two groups: 40 patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans(observation group)and 40 diabetic volunteers with normal lower extremity arteries(control group).All subjects were subjected to the same contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) technique before and after exercise to observe the changes of skeletal muscle blood perfusion in the calf, and the time to peak(TTP)of skeletal muscle blood perfusion parameters in the two groups were compared. The time-intensity curve established by mathematical model showed that TTP in the observation group was significantly longer than TTP in the control group in the resting state and after exercise, with statistical significance(P<0.05). TTP had no significant correlation with age, hypertension and other factors(P>0.05). TTP was correlated with ankle-brachial index (ABI)(P<0.05). In conclusion, CEUS can objectively reflect the changes of skeletal muscle perfusion in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliteration before and after exercise, and it is a new diagnostic method and evaluation index to observe the changes of skeletal muscle perfusion in patients with type 2 diabetes.
{"title":"Application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound to evaluate skeletal muscle perfusion in lower extremity arteriosclerotic obliterans of type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Weili Lin, Penghui Wang, Fulai Cai, Runming Zhong","doi":"10.53730/ijhs.v7n3.14501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7n3.14501","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in evaluating skeletal muscle perfusion in Type 2 diabetic patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusion. 80 patients with type 2 diabetes were prospectively studied and divided into two groups: 40 patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans(observation group)and 40 diabetic volunteers with normal lower extremity arteries(control group).All subjects were subjected to the same contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) technique before and after exercise to observe the changes of skeletal muscle blood perfusion in the calf, and the time to peak(TTP)of skeletal muscle blood perfusion parameters in the two groups were compared. The time-intensity curve established by mathematical model showed that TTP in the observation group was significantly longer than TTP in the control group in the resting state and after exercise, with statistical significance(P<0.05). TTP had no significant correlation with age, hypertension and other factors(P>0.05). TTP was correlated with ankle-brachial index (ABI)(P<0.05). In conclusion, CEUS can objectively reflect the changes of skeletal muscle perfusion in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliteration before and after exercise, and it is a new diagnostic method and evaluation index to observe the changes of skeletal muscle perfusion in patients with type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136069540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The study examined the influence of sponsor, client, project team and regulatory dynamics, on project performance of free maternity in Homabay County, Kenya.The research focused on factors other than healthcare costs to ensure adequate infrastructure and health personnel in order to offer quality care for the growing number of clients. Besides it added to the existing body of knowledge pertaining to the delivery of free maternity services thereby reducing and eliminating maternal and perinatal deaths. It was conducted in eight sub-county hospitals in the county.
Methodology: A total of 167 respondents were selected to participate in the study. The data were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 16. The coefficient of determination showed that sponsor dynamics had a major contribution to the project performance.
Findings: There was a significant positive relationship between sponsor dynamics and project performance of free maternal healthcare in Homabay County, Kenya.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study therefore recommended that Donors and other implementing agencies ought to make their procedures flexible in order to accommodate input from other project stakeholders.
{"title":"Influence of Stakeholder Dynamics on Performance of Free Maternal Healthcare Project in Kenya, a Case of Homabay County","authors":"Alice Christine Awuor, Jared Deya","doi":"10.47941/ijhs.1481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/ijhs.1481","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study examined the influence of sponsor, client, project team and regulatory dynamics, on project performance of free maternity in Homabay County, Kenya.The research focused on factors other than healthcare costs to ensure adequate infrastructure and health personnel in order to offer quality care for the growing number of clients. Besides it added to the existing body of knowledge pertaining to the delivery of free maternity services thereby reducing and eliminating maternal and perinatal deaths. It was conducted in eight sub-county hospitals in the county.
 Methodology: A total of 167 respondents were selected to participate in the study. The data were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 16. The coefficient of determination showed that sponsor dynamics had a major contribution to the project performance.
 Findings: There was a significant positive relationship between sponsor dynamics and project performance of free maternal healthcare in Homabay County, Kenya.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study therefore recommended that Donors and other implementing agencies ought to make their procedures flexible in order to accommodate input from other project stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"38 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135265985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14606
Rami Mahmoud Ibrahim, Mahmood Mohammed Ghanaim
Background: Sepsis has received ongoing attention over the past 10 years as common illness that accounts for Ten percent of ICU admissions & is linked to ten–twenty percent in-hospital mortality rate. For those investigated patients with suspected infections, clinical rules based on vital signs are typically calculated as soon as researched person enters emergency department. Clinical rule scores that are normal or abnormal provide information on the diagnosis & outlook. Due to the cyclical nature of vital signs, clinical rule scores may fluctuate. Aim: In this research, we looked at how frequently results of four commonly applied clinical rules changed during which cases with assumed infections were being treated in emergency department. Summary: Future studies, in our opinion, must concentrate on viability, use, & predictive value of repeated or continuous vital sign monitoring across acute care chain. respiratory rates have to get special attention as it has been consistently demonstrated to be significant predictor of clinical worsening, despite being evaluated infrequently & insufficiently.
{"title":"Frequency of alterations in qSOFA, SIRS, MEWS and NEWS scores during the emergency department stay in infectious patients","authors":"Rami Mahmoud Ibrahim, Mahmood Mohammed Ghanaim","doi":"10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14606","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sepsis has received ongoing attention over the past 10 years as common illness that accounts for Ten percent of ICU admissions & is linked to ten–twenty percent in-hospital mortality rate. For those investigated patients with suspected infections, clinical rules based on vital signs are typically calculated as soon as researched person enters emergency department. Clinical rule scores that are normal or abnormal provide information on the diagnosis & outlook. Due to the cyclical nature of vital signs, clinical rule scores may fluctuate. Aim: In this research, we looked at how frequently results of four commonly applied clinical rules changed during which cases with assumed infections were being treated in emergency department. Summary: Future studies, in our opinion, must concentrate on viability, use, & predictive value of repeated or continuous vital sign monitoring across acute care chain. respiratory rates have to get special attention as it has been consistently demonstrated to be significant predictor of clinical worsening, despite being evaluated infrequently & insufficiently.","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135512100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14605
Rami Mahmoud Ibrahim, Mahmood Mohammed Ghanaim
Background: 1 of frequent symptoms that patients report to the emergency department has been dyspnea. In addition to clinical evaluation, a wide range of differentials frequently needs laboratory & radiographic tests, adding needless delay. Point-of-care in emergency departments, ultrasonography has been widely used tool as it can quickly & safely diagnose studied cases of dyspnea. Our research aimed to find out if point-of-care ultrasound has been used in our settings as primary diagnostic tool for patients with acute dyspnea. Summary: Dyspnea is 1 of the common problems that patients present to the ER. Wide variety of differentials typically calls for laboratory and radiographic investigations, causing final diagnosis to be delayed needlessly. In emergency rooms, point-of-care ultrasonography is popular tool since it can quickly & safely diagnose these dyspnea patients while also saving time. The goal of the study had been to determine whether point-of-care ultrasound had been useful in examining cases with acute dyspnea in settings as the main diagnostic tool.
{"title":"Point of care ultrasound as initial diagnostic tool in acute dyspnea patients in the emergency department of a tertiary care center","authors":"Rami Mahmoud Ibrahim, Mahmood Mohammed Ghanaim","doi":"10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14605","url":null,"abstract":"Background: 1 of frequent symptoms that patients report to the emergency department has been dyspnea. In addition to clinical evaluation, a wide range of differentials frequently needs laboratory & radiographic tests, adding needless delay. Point-of-care in emergency departments, ultrasonography has been widely used tool as it can quickly & safely diagnose studied cases of dyspnea. Our research aimed to find out if point-of-care ultrasound has been used in our settings as primary diagnostic tool for patients with acute dyspnea. Summary: Dyspnea is 1 of the common problems that patients present to the ER. Wide variety of differentials typically calls for laboratory and radiographic investigations, causing final diagnosis to be delayed needlessly. In emergency rooms, point-of-care ultrasonography is popular tool since it can quickly & safely diagnose these dyspnea patients while also saving time. The goal of the study had been to determine whether point-of-care ultrasound had been useful in examining cases with acute dyspnea in settings as the main diagnostic tool.","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14604
Rami Mahmoud Ibrahim, Mahmood Mohammed Ghanaim
Background: The level of arterial lactate has been a significant indicator of studied case's prognosis. Blood gas analysis's low concordance rate between AL & peripheral venous lactate makes PVL ineffective as AL alternative. Nevertheless, PVL can be a different way to forecast studied case's prognosis, & risk of arterial puncture problems with AL can be decreased if AL range may be predicted from PVL. This can be a quick & secure test technique. Aim: To assess if VL levels may replace certain ranges of AL levels, we reviewed association among VL & AL levels in same critically sick studied cases at time of initial evaluation. Venous blood gas analysis (which lowers risk of problems related to arterial puncture required for AL measurement) can be safer & quicker test for critically ill studied cases if VL values may be utilized as substitute for AL levels. Summary: The level of arterial lactate has been significant indicator of studied case's prognosis. Blood gas analysis's low concordance rate between AL & peripheral venous lactate makes PVL ineffective as AL alternative.
{"title":"Peripheral venous lactate levels substitute arterial lactate levels in the emergency department","authors":"Rami Mahmoud Ibrahim, Mahmood Mohammed Ghanaim","doi":"10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14604","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The level of arterial lactate has been a significant indicator of studied case's prognosis. Blood gas analysis's low concordance rate between AL & peripheral venous lactate makes PVL ineffective as AL alternative. Nevertheless, PVL can be a different way to forecast studied case's prognosis, & risk of arterial puncture problems with AL can be decreased if AL range may be predicted from PVL. This can be a quick & secure test technique. Aim: To assess if VL levels may replace certain ranges of AL levels, we reviewed association among VL & AL levels in same critically sick studied cases at time of initial evaluation. Venous blood gas analysis (which lowers risk of problems related to arterial puncture required for AL measurement) can be safer & quicker test for critically ill studied cases if VL values may be utilized as substitute for AL levels. Summary: The level of arterial lactate has been significant indicator of studied case's prognosis. Blood gas analysis's low concordance rate between AL & peripheral venous lactate makes PVL ineffective as AL alternative.","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"20 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis are strongly influenced by the level of socioeconomic status of a population. Predisposing factors of tuberculosis such as undernutrition, diabetes, and AIDS are hinged on the socioeconomic status of a population.
Alcohol, smoking and illicit drug use disorders can predispose to TB especially in hyperendemic setting. Sierra Leone still grapples with socio-economic challenges including all the factors that predispose people to the disease and as well precipitates TB transmission.
Methodology: The study was a retrospective cohort study to assess the degree of impact on the determinants of drug sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis treatment outcomes in patients managed in catchment areas in the rural Bo district of Southern Sierra Leone. Data were collected from 2176 participants with even ID numbers enrolled from January 2018 to January 2022 out of the population of 533,900. Sample was calculated at a 99% confidence level and 3% margin of error.
Findings: A Chi2 test was performed between age: α= <15 yrs β= ≥15yrs and exit which showed a statistically significant relationship between the two, χ² (4) = 188.32, p = <0.001, Cramér’s V = 0.29 with the calculated p-value of <0.001 that is lower than the defined significance level of 5%. There was also a statistically significant relationship between source of income and exit, χ² (12) = 94.57, p = <0.001, There was a statistically significant relationship between food security and exit, χ² (4) = 15.32, p = 0.004, Cramér’s V = 0.08. The calculated p-value of 0.004 is lower than the defined significance level of 5%.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Shows that favorable treatment outcomes are a combination of use of chemotherapy, psychosocial care, social, economic and economic moderation strategies especially in the global South where the majority of the patients live in poverty.
目的:结核病的治疗结果受人群的社会经济地位水平的强烈影响。结核病的易感因素，如营养不良、糖尿病和艾滋病，取决于人口的社会经济地位。酒精、吸烟和非法药物使用障碍可使人易患结核病，特别是在高流行环境中。塞拉利昂仍在努力应对社会经济挑战，包括使人们易患这种疾病并促使结核病传播的所有因素。方法:该研究是一项回顾性队列研究，旨在评估在塞拉利昂南部Bo农村集水区管理的患者对药物敏感肺结核治疗结果的决定因素的影响程度。数据收集自2018年1月至2022年1月在533,900人口中登记的2176名具有偶数身份证号码的参与者。样本以99%的置信水平和3%的误差范围计算。
结果:年龄α= 15岁β=≥15岁与退出年龄之间进行Chi2检验，χ 2 (4) = 188.32, p = <0.001, cram s V = 0.29，计算p值为<0.001，低于5%的定义显著性水平。收入来源与出口之间的关系也具有统计学意义，χ²(12)= 94.57,p = <0.001;粮食安全与出口之间的关系具有统计学意义，χ²(4)= 15.32,p = 0.004, cram’s V = 0.08。计算的p值为0.004，低于5%的定义显著性水平。
对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:表明有利的治疗结果是化疗、社会心理护理、社会、经济和经济调节策略的结合，特别是在大多数患者生活在贫困中的全球南方国家。
{"title":"Assessing the Degree of Determinant Impact on the Management Outcomes of Drug Sensitive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Sierra Leone-A Case Study of Rural Bo District.","authors":"Tommy Allieu, Precious M. Tommy BSc","doi":"10.47941/ijhs.1477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/ijhs.1477","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis are strongly influenced by the level of socioeconomic status of a population. Predisposing factors of tuberculosis such as undernutrition, diabetes, and AIDS are hinged on the socioeconomic status of a population.
 Alcohol, smoking and illicit drug use disorders can predispose to TB especially in hyperendemic setting. Sierra Leone still grapples with socio-economic challenges including all the factors that predispose people to the disease and as well precipitates TB transmission.
 Methodology: The study was a retrospective cohort study to assess the degree of impact on the determinants of drug sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis treatment outcomes in patients managed in catchment areas in the rural Bo district of Southern Sierra Leone. Data were collected from 2176 participants with even ID numbers enrolled from January 2018 to January 2022 out of the population of 533,900. Sample was calculated at a 99% confidence level and 3% margin of error.
 Findings: A Chi2 test was performed between age: α= <15 yrs β= ≥15yrs and exit which showed a statistically significant relationship between the two, χ² (4) = 188.32, p = <0.001, Cramér’s V = 0.29 with the calculated p-value of <0.001 that is lower than the defined significance level of 5%. There was also a statistically significant relationship between source of income and exit, χ² (12) = 94.57, p = <0.001, There was a statistically significant relationship between food security and exit, χ² (4) = 15.32, p = 0.004, Cramér’s V = 0.08. The calculated p-value of 0.004 is lower than the defined significance level of 5%.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Shows that favorable treatment outcomes are a combination of use of chemotherapy, psychosocial care, social, economic and economic moderation strategies especially in the global South where the majority of the patients live in poverty.","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14596
Siddiq Mukkamil Ahmed, M. N. Divyarani, A. N. Roopa, S. M. Sowmya, Raj Mohammed, Rehan Baig, Samiyah Syeed Ahmed
Background: Mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive angioinvasive fungal infection which has a high rate of mortality and morbidity. Mucormycosis most commonly invades the nose and paranasal sinuses presenting as rhinosinusitis. We noted an upsurge in the number of patients affected with Mucormycosis during Covid-19 infection era. Aim: Our study aims to illustrate the histopathology of Mucormycosis in post-Covid-19 patients and also to study the fungal morphology by utilizing special stains. Materials and Methods: We prospectively analysed the histopathological findings of fungal elements in 260 different histopathological samples of mucormycosis in post-covid-19 patients. The clinical and histopathological findings were noted and tabulated. Statistical Analysis Used: The data collected was tabulated and coded in Microsoft excel. All the data of demographic and clinical characteristics were analysed by descriptive statistics and percentage. Tables and graphs were added wherever applicable. Results: Out of 260 cases analysed, most of the patients presented with periorbital swelling followed by headache and nasal block. Histopathologically, most of the cases showed chronic inflammatory reaction with wide areas of necrosis and granuloma formation. The fungal elements have been appreciated and sensitivity of different stains to appreciate the fungal structures have been compared.
{"title":"Histomorphological study of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients","authors":"Siddiq Mukkamil Ahmed, M. N. Divyarani, A. N. Roopa, S. M. Sowmya, Raj Mohammed, Rehan Baig, Samiyah Syeed Ahmed","doi":"10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14596","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive angioinvasive fungal infection which has a high rate of mortality and morbidity. Mucormycosis most commonly invades the nose and paranasal sinuses presenting as rhinosinusitis. We noted an upsurge in the number of patients affected with Mucormycosis during Covid-19 infection era. Aim: Our study aims to illustrate the histopathology of Mucormycosis in post-Covid-19 patients and also to study the fungal morphology by utilizing special stains. Materials and Methods: We prospectively analysed the histopathological findings of fungal elements in 260 different histopathological samples of mucormycosis in post-covid-19 patients. The clinical and histopathological findings were noted and tabulated. Statistical Analysis Used: The data collected was tabulated and coded in Microsoft excel. All the data of demographic and clinical characteristics were analysed by descriptive statistics and percentage. Tables and graphs were added wherever applicable. Results: Out of 260 cases analysed, most of the patients presented with periorbital swelling followed by headache and nasal block. Histopathologically, most of the cases showed chronic inflammatory reaction with wide areas of necrosis and granuloma formation. The fungal elements have been appreciated and sensitivity of different stains to appreciate the fungal structures have been compared.","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135992896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14599
Riffat Naseem, Muhammad Israr, Shahzaib Khan, Muhammad Aarab, Muhammad Yousuf, Hafiz Zia Ullah Abid
The morbidity, death, and medication resistance caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis are global health concern. The Gene Xpert is employed to diagnose TB early and find pyrazinamide (PYR) resistance at the same time. Our goal was to examine the clinical TB situation at Faisalabad's tertiary care institutions and to use Gene Xpert to determine the prevalence of TB and the drug resistance pattern. In this research, 135 samples from probable TB patients were included, and Gene Xpert identified 127 samples as positive. The gender, age group (50 years), sample type (sputum and pleural), and number of M. tuberculosis by ct value (cycle threshold) were all taken into consideration when categorizing the samples. The findings of the current investigation revealed a significant positive frequency of TB in male patients and in the 31-50 years age ranges. Patients with TB had a high prevalence of M. tuberculosis in the low and medium categories. 16 of the 127 TB patients who tested positive for the disease had pyrazinamide resistance. Our study concluded that Gene Xpert is a useful method for quickly diagnosing and treating TB since it can quickly detect M. tuberculosis and pyrazinamide resistance.
{"title":"Investigation of variations of pyrazinamide resistance and gene Xpert-based molecular typing in tuberculosis patients","authors":"Riffat Naseem, Muhammad Israr, Shahzaib Khan, Muhammad Aarab, Muhammad Yousuf, Hafiz Zia Ullah Abid","doi":"10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14599","url":null,"abstract":"The morbidity, death, and medication resistance caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis are global health concern. The Gene Xpert is employed to diagnose TB early and find pyrazinamide (PYR) resistance at the same time. Our goal was to examine the clinical TB situation at Faisalabad's tertiary care institutions and to use Gene Xpert to determine the prevalence of TB and the drug resistance pattern. In this research, 135 samples from probable TB patients were included, and Gene Xpert identified 127 samples as positive. The gender, age group (50 years), sample type (sputum and pleural), and number of M. tuberculosis by ct value (cycle threshold) were all taken into consideration when categorizing the samples. The findings of the current investigation revealed a significant positive frequency of TB in male patients and in the 31-50 years age ranges. Patients with TB had a high prevalence of M. tuberculosis in the low and medium categories. 16 of the 127 TB patients who tested positive for the disease had pyrazinamide resistance. Our study concluded that Gene Xpert is a useful method for quickly diagnosing and treating TB since it can quickly detect M. tuberculosis and pyrazinamide resistance.","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136012863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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