: This experimental study is to determine the velocity vector and flow contours in a reservoir with a bottom outlet. Velocity vector flow and contour characteristics are studied by making laboratory studies using acrylic models. The model combines the first pond as a constant head tank and the second pond as a reservoir with a hole at the bottom or bottom outlet. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is an optical visualization qualitative and quantitative technique for measuring the velocity of a fluid by measuring the slight movement of a particle or object in a particular fluid area by observing the location of the tracer particle used in education and research detail. The PIV method relies on recording particle images and measuring object markers (tracer particles) distribution at several locations to measure instantaneous velocity and different phases, velocity fluctuations, and accelerations well in fluid flow. Brown shellac was chosen and used for tracer particles after several experiments using other seeding materials such as white shellack, glitter, and glycerine. The brown shellack is crushed manually, filtered to pass sieve 30 (0.5 mm), and retained on sieve 50 (0.3 mm). The recorded image file is then read and processed to obtain the magnitude and direction of velocity at the tracer particle locations captured in the image recording. The experiment was carried out by running the water flow from the constant head to the reservoir model by giving tracer particles of brown shellac. Experiments produce the most significant velocity around the bottom outlet is 265 cm/s or 2.65 m/s.
{"title":"VELOCITY AND FLOW PATTERN AROUND BOTTOM OUTLET AS REVEALED BY PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY","authors":"Agatha Padma Laksitaningtyas","doi":"10.21660/2023.111.4036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21660/2023.111.4036","url":null,"abstract":": This experimental study is to determine the velocity vector and flow contours in a reservoir with a bottom outlet. Velocity vector flow and contour characteristics are studied by making laboratory studies using acrylic models. The model combines the first pond as a constant head tank and the second pond as a reservoir with a hole at the bottom or bottom outlet. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is an optical visualization qualitative and quantitative technique for measuring the velocity of a fluid by measuring the slight movement of a particle or object in a particular fluid area by observing the location of the tracer particle used in education and research detail. The PIV method relies on recording particle images and measuring object markers (tracer particles) distribution at several locations to measure instantaneous velocity and different phases, velocity fluctuations, and accelerations well in fluid flow. Brown shellac was chosen and used for tracer particles after several experiments using other seeding materials such as white shellack, glitter, and glycerine. The brown shellack is crushed manually, filtered to pass sieve 30 (0.5 mm), and retained on sieve 50 (0.3 mm). The recorded image file is then read and processed to obtain the magnitude and direction of velocity at the tracer particle locations captured in the image recording. The experiment was carried out by running the water flow from the constant head to the reservoir model by giving tracer particles of brown shellac. Experiments produce the most significant velocity around the bottom outlet is 265 cm/s or 2.65 m/s.","PeriodicalId":47135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of GEOMATE","volume":"261 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF A COMBINATION OF STEEL FIBER WASTE TYRE AND CRUMB RUBBER ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE","authors":"","doi":"10.21660/2023.111.s7650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21660/2023.111.s7650","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of GEOMATE","volume":"260 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Rapid urbanization has increased the challenge of freshwater provision for the urban population. Modelling water balance can help visualizing the occurrence in a hydrological system due to urbanization that is beneficial for future water-resource management. A hybrid distributed monthly water balance model adopted from Xinanjiang model and TOPMODEL by (Chen et al. 2007) has succeeded to simulate the distributed water storage in a catchment area and applied to the water resources change assessment by districts in peri-urban area of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. The hybrid model was modified to include water uptake in urban area. The optimized model estimated monthly river discharge with R = 0.77. The model demonstrated the saturation distribution change by the intensified water uptake in expanded urban area especially in dry season. The model simulation could point out the sensitive districts of which water storage possibly decrease caused by the urbanization progress.
{"title":"WATER BUDGET ASSESSMENT UNDER RAPID URBANIZATION IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA USING A DISTRIBUTED WATER BALANCE MODEL","authors":"Sintha Prima Widowati Gunawan","doi":"10.21660/2023.111.3853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21660/2023.111.3853","url":null,"abstract":": Rapid urbanization has increased the challenge of freshwater provision for the urban population. Modelling water balance can help visualizing the occurrence in a hydrological system due to urbanization that is beneficial for future water-resource management. A hybrid distributed monthly water balance model adopted from Xinanjiang model and TOPMODEL by (Chen et al. 2007) has succeeded to simulate the distributed water storage in a catchment area and applied to the water resources change assessment by districts in peri-urban area of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. The hybrid model was modified to include water uptake in urban area. The optimized model estimated monthly river discharge with R = 0.77. The model demonstrated the saturation distribution change by the intensified water uptake in expanded urban area especially in dry season. The model simulation could point out the sensitive districts of which water storage possibly decrease caused by the urbanization progress.","PeriodicalId":47135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of GEOMATE","volume":"88 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FLOOD CHARACTERISTICS IN THE LOWER CITARUM RIVER, INDONESIA AND THEIR POSSIBLE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES","authors":"Angga Prawirakusuma","doi":"10.21660/2023.111.3993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21660/2023.111.3993","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of GEOMATE","volume":"258 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF LRFD ENVIRONMENTAL LOAD FACTORS OF OFFSHORE PLATFORM IN THE NORTH OF JAVA SEA AND MAKASSAR STRAIT","authors":"","doi":"10.21660/2023.111.4010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21660/2023.111.4010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of GEOMATE","volume":"261 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE RETROFITTING OF DAMAGED HOLLOW BRICK MASONRY HOUSES USING A FERROCEMENT LAYER","authors":"","doi":"10.21660/2023.111.s8622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21660/2023.111.s8622","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of GEOMATE","volume":"260 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"QUANTITATIVE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF CIPANCAR WATERSHED AND THE IMPLICATION FOR FLOOD RISK","authors":"Pradnya Paramarta Raditya Rendra","doi":"10.21660/2023.111.3573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21660/2023.111.3573","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of GEOMATE","volume":"252 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Gabion walls are today a very popular and ecological solution for retaining walls in civil engineering. Gabions are made of stones placed in wire baskets made of galvanized wire, which are interconnected by hooks and bends. Their advantage is the natural appearance, good conditions for landscaping and catching climbing plants. Unlike concrete or masonry retaining walls, they cannot have cracks and therefore resist uneven subsidence of the subsoil. However, the decisive factor for their load-bearing capacity is the quality of the quarry stone, its placement and the load-bearing capacity of the individual wires and, above all, their joints. In the laboratories of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Technical University of Ostrava, a number of tests of wire basket hook joints were performed, which were taken from damaged gabions on construction sites. The results of these tests will enable better prediction of the static effect of gabion walls in their design and implementation in construction practice. The paper presents the results of these tests and recommendations for their design and planning.
{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF THE LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY OF WIRE HOOKS AND BENDS USED IN GABION RETAINING WALLS","authors":"Radim Cajka","doi":"10.21660/2023.111.s8672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21660/2023.111.s8672","url":null,"abstract":": Gabion walls are today a very popular and ecological solution for retaining walls in civil engineering. Gabions are made of stones placed in wire baskets made of galvanized wire, which are interconnected by hooks and bends. Their advantage is the natural appearance, good conditions for landscaping and catching climbing plants. Unlike concrete or masonry retaining walls, they cannot have cracks and therefore resist uneven subsidence of the subsoil. However, the decisive factor for their load-bearing capacity is the quality of the quarry stone, its placement and the load-bearing capacity of the individual wires and, above all, their joints. In the laboratories of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Technical University of Ostrava, a number of tests of wire basket hook joints were performed, which were taken from damaged gabions on construction sites. The results of these tests will enable better prediction of the static effect of gabion walls in their design and implementation in construction practice. The paper presents the results of these tests and recommendations for their design and planning.","PeriodicalId":47135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of GEOMATE","volume":"261 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The road network in the Mekong Delta faces challenges due to its low-lying topography and extensive layers of soft clay. These deposits, reaching depths of up to 25 m, are found in backswamp/swamp, sand dune, and mangrove marsh landforms. These soils generally have low total unit weight, high water content, and high compressibility. They are problems for road construction, and soft ground treatment must be applied. This study utilized data from 53 boreholes to assess the consolidation characteristics of each landform. According to the typical highway embankment construction, the primary consolidation showed the highway settlement in the ranges 186–1,174 mm, 107–1,049 mm, and 537–1,364 mm for the backswamp/swamp, sand dune, and mangrove marsh, landforms, respectively. These settlements exceed the maximum level of 250 mm for allowable settlement at 5 years post-construction. To address this issue, the prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) method is proposed as a solution to expedite settlement. PVDs, designed with 12–14 m, 10–12 m, and 14–16 m for the backswamp/swamp, sand dune, and mangrove marsh landforms, respectively, and a spacing of 1 m, accelerated the consolidation process, resulting in consolidation percentages of 87–92% within a notably shortened timeframe of 3 months through preloading. Upon completion of the preloading period, the remaining settlement ranges were 54–130 mm, 27–83 mm, and 67–170 mm for the backswamp/swamp, sand dune, and mangrove marsh landforms, respectively, which are all within the permissible limit (250 mm). These findings are important, as they offer valuable insights for the future planning, preliminary design, and construction of highway embankments, emphasizing the importance of incorporating PVDs as an effective measure in mitigating settlement issues.
{"title":"ROADWAY SETTLEMENT CHARACTERISTICS ON MEKONG DELTA FOR VARIOUS LANDFORMS","authors":"Nguyen Vo Ai Mi","doi":"10.21660/2023.111.4006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21660/2023.111.4006","url":null,"abstract":": The road network in the Mekong Delta faces challenges due to its low-lying topography and extensive layers of soft clay. These deposits, reaching depths of up to 25 m, are found in backswamp/swamp, sand dune, and mangrove marsh landforms. These soils generally have low total unit weight, high water content, and high compressibility. They are problems for road construction, and soft ground treatment must be applied. This study utilized data from 53 boreholes to assess the consolidation characteristics of each landform. According to the typical highway embankment construction, the primary consolidation showed the highway settlement in the ranges 186–1,174 mm, 107–1,049 mm, and 537–1,364 mm for the backswamp/swamp, sand dune, and mangrove marsh, landforms, respectively. These settlements exceed the maximum level of 250 mm for allowable settlement at 5 years post-construction. To address this issue, the prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) method is proposed as a solution to expedite settlement. PVDs, designed with 12–14 m, 10–12 m, and 14–16 m for the backswamp/swamp, sand dune, and mangrove marsh landforms, respectively, and a spacing of 1 m, accelerated the consolidation process, resulting in consolidation percentages of 87–92% within a notably shortened timeframe of 3 months through preloading. Upon completion of the preloading period, the remaining settlement ranges were 54–130 mm, 27–83 mm, and 67–170 mm for the backswamp/swamp, sand dune, and mangrove marsh landforms, respectively, which are all within the permissible limit (250 mm). These findings are important, as they offer valuable insights for the future planning, preliminary design, and construction of highway embankments, emphasizing the importance of incorporating PVDs as an effective measure in mitigating settlement issues.","PeriodicalId":47135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of GEOMATE","volume":"253 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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