Journal of Music Therapy最新文献

Secure attachment in early childhood is important for wellbeing throughout life. Music interventions show promise for supporting early parent-child relationships; however, their effects on attachment security are unclear as few music intervention evaluations have measured attachment outcomes. This systematic literature review aimed to synthesize published empirical literature examining the effects of music interventions on relationship quality between typically developing children aged birth to 5 years old and their parents. The study aimed to: (1) establish whether music interventions were associated with changes in attachment-related outcomes; (2) identify music intervention characteristics likely to support secure attachment; and (3) elucidate processes through which music techniques may have contributed to attachment-related changes. Included interventions focused on the parent-child dyad, involved a substantial music component delivered by a music therapist or an allied health professional, and assessed and/or described relationship outcome/s. A total of 23 studies describing 15 unique interventions met criteria for inclusion and represented approximately 808-815 parent-child dyads. Mothers were the most common caregivers. All interventions demonstrated some effectiveness, including in attachment-related outcomes such as bonding, emotional co-regulation, and parental sensitivity. All interventions involved singing, suggesting it may be especially suitable for supporting parent-child attachment; other music techniques used included instrument playing and movement to music. Findings suggested that music interventions may facilitate attachment-related changes through intervening in psychological processes, including parental sensitivity, reflective functioning, and emotional co-regulation. Future research should develop music interventions aiming specifically to support attachment quality, and music intervention evaluations should use validated attachment assessments and longitudinal study designs.

Although changing industries is common for many professionals, there is a lack of research regarding why music therapists have left the profession. The purpose of this phenomenological investigation was to explore why music therapists in the United States left the profession and understand how music therapy academic and clinical training might be applied across a range of occupational opportunities. We interviewed eight music therapists who had worked in and left the profession for employment in other industries. We used interpretative phenomenological analysis to analyze transcripts and incorporated member checking and trustworthiness to verify our findings. The first theme described how there were multiple factors that contributed to the decision to leave the music therapy profession. The second theme described how participants grappled with the decision to leave the music therapy profession. Regarding why music therapists left the profession and how their education and training were related to their new industry, we used a modified social ecological model to depict four superordinate themes (supported by 11 themes) that described (1) individual and interpersonal factors contributing to the need for occupational change; (2) music therapy skills that facilitated occupational change; (3) unmet professional expectations that contributed to occupational change; and (4) desired changes to the music therapy curriculum for greater career flexibility. Constituting an idiosyncratic process for each participant, leaving the music therapy profession was a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. Implications for education and greater career flexibility, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are provided.

Music therapy has been described as a beneficial intervention for people with dementia. To provide a music therapy outcome measure, McDermott et al. (2015) developed the Music in Dementia Assessment Scales (MiDAS). The preliminary original validation indicated that MiDAS had acceptable to good psychometric properties. This study aimed to present the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the MIDAS to the Spanish language and to show some validity sources using the Spanish version of the scale. MiDAS was adapted following the guidelines of Beaton et al. (2000), Muñiz et al. (2013) and Ridder et al. (2015), A psychometric validation study was conducted with a sample of 80 care home residents with moderate-severe dementia. Acceptable reliability values according to Cronbach's alpha were obtained, as was good interobserver reliability at one rating time point, based on Kendall's W test. The concurrent criterion validity values were positive, particularly in terms of the correlation coefficients of the criterion measure (specifically, the QoL-AD measures) and the item analysis, as shown by the correlation matrices. A one-factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) did not indicate a good fit for the obtained models, but acceptable and optimal values were observed for various parameters. The results indicate the usefulness of this tool, with sources of evidence of validity and reliability, although it is necessary to note the limitations of some of the results, as in the construct validity analysis. The MiDAS-ESP is a useful tool in clinical practice that can be used for measuring the effect of music therapy.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, music therapists transitioned services from in-person to telehealth due to health and safety concerns. Though online delivery of music therapy services for autistic individuals occurred prior to 2020, the number of North American music therapists using telehealth with autistic clients rose substantially during the pandemic. The current paper's objective was to delineate music therapists' perceptions regarding factors that helped or hindered autistic persons' engagement in online music therapy sessions. In total, 192 participants completed the survey. Qualitative content analysis of an open-ended question identified seven overarching themes regarding the benefits and challenges of telehealth music therapy for autistic clients. Findings were used to create a screening tool to help music therapists evaluate autistic persons' suitability for telehealth and meet the needs of those who can benefit from telehealth music therapy.

A significant percentage of music therapists actively provides services to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There is an absence, however, of a widely accepted clinical instrument, specific to music therapy work with this population, that demonstrates psychometric validation. Establishing commonality in assessing and documenting this particular work within the field would be pivotal to furthering the efforts which have established music therapy as evidenced-based practice. A study was conducted to explore the convergent validity between the Musical Emotion Assessment Rating Scale (MEARS), which is Scale I of the Individual Music-Centered Assessment Profile of the Neurodevelopmental Disorders (IMCAP-ND) assessment tool, with the Social Affect Scale domains and item variables of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). The data revealed statistical significance, thus supporting convergent validity with several specific MEARS scores when compared with the ADOS Social Affect domain score. The current investigation supports the IMCAP-ND's soundness as an assessment tool possessing valid and reliable psychometric properties. The convergent validity between MEARS and ADOS showed positive results in the area of social affect. Implications of this study are related to clinical practice and may impact how music therapists assess children with autism. Furthermore, this study contributes to the growing body of music therapy assessments that have yielded valid and reliable scores used to evaluate core features of ASD (e.g., social affect).

Experiencing a stroke can lead to difficulties with emotion regulation and mood disorders like depression. It is well documented that poststroke depression (PSD) affects a third of all stroke survivors. Higher levels of depression and depressive symptoms are associated with less efficient use of rehabilitation services, poor functional outcomes, negative impacts on social participation, and increased mortality. Mood in the acute phases of stroke recovery may be a key factor influencing the depression trajectory with early depression predicting poor longitudinal outcomes. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of one active music therapy (AMT) treatment on mood following a first-time ischemic stroke during acute hospitalization. Forty-four adults received AMT defined as music-making interventions that elicit and encourage active participation. The Faces Scale was used to assess mood immediately prior to and following the treatment. A significant change in mood was found following one treatment. Comment analysis indicated that participants viewed music therapy as a positive experience. Findings here support the use of brief AMT to provide early psychological support to stroke survivors. Continued investigation into the role of music therapy in early stroke recovery is recommended.