Journal of Public Transportation最新文献

Unveiling the interaction between subway car design and commuter standing position choices: Considering the impact of multidimensional factors 揭示地铁车厢设计与通勤者站位选择的交互作用：考虑多维因素的影响

IF 2 4区工程技术 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Public Transportation

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100148

Sijun He , Wenlong Wang , Juan Li , Tiecheng Ding , Xinkun Guo , Wenwen Chen

In densely populated cities, standing while commuting by subway is the most common mode of travel. Passengers’ choice of standing position determines the density distribution within subway cars, but the driving factors influencing their standing position and facility preferences remain unclear. This study designed a revealed preference survey targeting subway users in Chengdu, which included three dimensions of commuters’ sociodemographic attributes, travel characteristics, and in-car environmental factors. By analyzing travel data from 2375 valid responses and conducting statistical tests, it was identified that gender, travel duration, passenger density, car type, and the configuration of standing support facilities are significant factors influencing passengers’ in-car position choices. Then, these factors were used to estimate a multinomial probit model for standing position choice. The results indicate that, in terms of position choice, men tend to prefer standing at the ends of the subway car, while women prefer standing in the middle area near the seats. Short-distance travelers are more likely to stand near the doors, while long-distance travelers tend to prefer the middle areas. The difference in position preferences becomes less pronounced as the travel time increases. As passenger density increases, the probability of passengers choosing the car ends decreases, while the probability of choosing the middle areas increases. However, under crowded conditions, the door areas remains the most occupied. In terms of facility choice, the group that does not use standing aids is primarily composed of young people and high-income individuals, while elderly people and low-income individuals have a higher proportion of using lower-mounted facilities. The study also found that while the arrangement of facilities significantly affects passengers’ standing position, it is not a decisive factor. Passengers’ choices still depend on the combined effect of multiple factors. This study enhances the understanding of standing passenger behavior within the subway car microenvironment and reveals its close relationship with interior design, providing insights for optimizing spatial organization and facility distribution in subway cars.

在人口密集的城市，站着坐地铁上下班是最常见的出行方式。乘客的站位选择决定了地铁车厢内的密度分布，但影响乘客站位和设施偏好的驱动因素尚不清楚。本研究设计了一项针对成都市地铁用户的显性偏好调查，包括通勤者的社会人口学属性、出行特征和车内环境因素三个维度。通过分析2375份有效问卷的出行数据并进行统计检验，发现性别、出行时间、乘客密度、车型类型和站位保障设施配置是影响乘客车内位置选择的显著因素。然后，利用这些因素估计了一个多项概率模型，用于站立位置的选择。结果表明，在位置选择方面，男性倾向于站在地铁车厢的末端，而女性倾向于站在靠近座位的中间区域。短途旅行者更喜欢站在靠近车门的地方，而长途旅行者则倾向于站在中间的地方。随着旅行时间的增加，位置偏好的差异变得不那么明显。随着乘客密度的增加，乘客选择车尾的概率降低，而选择中间区域的概率增加。然而，在拥挤的条件下，门的区域仍然是占用最多的。在设施选择上，不使用站立式辅助设备的人群主要是年轻人和高收入人群，而老年人和低收入人群使用低安装设施的比例更高。研究还发现，虽然设施的安排会显著影响乘客的站立位置，但这并不是决定性因素。乘客的选择仍然取决于多种因素的综合作用。本研究增强了对地铁车厢微环境中站立乘客行为的理解，揭示了其与室内设计的密切关系，为优化地铁车厢的空间组织和设施布局提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing diverse stakeholders’ objectives in a real-time multimodal mobility hub system 实时多式联运枢纽系统中不同利益相关者目标的优化

IF 2 4区工程技术 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Public Transportation

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100147

Ali Akbar Sadat Asl , Hugues Delmaire , Antoine Legrain , François Soumis

Ridesharing could offer a solution to urban mobility challenges by delivering affordability and convenience while reducing congestion and environmental impact. This paper presents a system for multimodal mobility hubs with parking facilities, integrating personal vehicles with carpooling options and shuttle services into a cohesive network designed to accommodate real-time inbound and outbound ride requests. To address diverse interests and priorities within urban transportation, a column generation approach is employed to optimize the objectives of key stakeholders. An extensive computational study is performed using real-world public transit and ridesharing datasets from Québec City. The emission, user, and system objectives favor shared transportation options, while the operator objective shows a more substantial reliance on solo vehicles. Additionally, the results indicate that a transition to fully electric vehicles powered by a renewable energy mix can reduce average emissions by 78.1% compared to a scenario with gasoline-fueled vehicles. Rigorous evaluation across diverse scenarios demonstrates the proposed system’s efficacy in addressing the complexities of large-scale transportation systems.

拼车可以通过提供可负担性和便利性，同时减少拥堵和对环境的影响，为城市交通挑战提供解决方案。本文提出了一个具有停车设施的多模式交通枢纽系统，将个人车辆、拼车选择和班车服务整合到一个有凝聚力的网络中，以适应实时的进站和出站乘车请求。为了解决城市交通中不同的利益和优先事项，采用列生成方法来优化关键利益相关者的目标。使用来自曲海贝市的真实公共交通和拼车数据集进行了广泛的计算研究。排放、用户和系统目标倾向于共享交通选择，而运营商的目标则更依赖于单独的车辆。此外，研究结果表明，与使用汽油燃料的汽车相比，使用可再生能源组合驱动的全电动汽车可以减少78.1%的平均排放量。对不同场景的严格评估表明，所提出的系统在解决大规模运输系统的复杂性方面具有有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Probabilistic modeling of delays for train journeys with transfers 带换乘的火车行程延误的概率建模

IF 2 4区工程技术 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Public Transportation

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubtr.2025.100146

Nikolaus Stratil-Sauer, Nils Breyer

Reliability plays a key role in the experience of a rail traveler. The reliability of journeys involving transfers is affected by the reliability of the transfers and the consequences of missing a transfer, as well as the possible delay of the train used to reach the destination. In this paper, we propose a flexible method to model the reliability of train journeys with any number of transfers. The method combines a transfer reliability model based on gradient boosting, responsible for predicting the reliability of transfers between trains, and a delay model based on probabilistic Bayesian regression, which is used to model train arrival delays. The models are trained on delay data from four Swedish train stations and evaluated on delay data from another two stations, in order to evaluate the generalization performance of the models. We show that the probabilistic delay model, which models train delays following a mixture distribution with two lognormal components, allows to much more realistically model the distribution of actual train delays compared to a standard lognormal model. Finally, we show how these models can be used together to predict the arrival delay distribution at the final destination of the journey. The results indicate that the method accurately predicts the reliability for nine out of ten tested journeys. The method could be used to improve journey planners by providing reliability information to travelers. Further applications include timetable planning and transport modeling.

可靠性在铁路旅客的体验中起着关键作用。涉及换乘的旅程的可靠性受到换乘的可靠性和错过换乘的后果以及用于到达目的地的列车可能延误的影响。在本文中，我们提出了一种灵活的方法来模拟任意班次的列车行程的可靠性。该方法结合了基于梯度增强的列车换乘可靠性模型和基于概率贝叶斯回归的列车晚点模型，前者用于列车间换乘可靠性预测，后者用于列车到站延误建模。模型在四个瑞典火车站的延误数据上进行训练，并在另外两个火车站的延误数据上进行评估，以评估模型的泛化性能。我们展示了概率延迟模型，它根据两个对数正态成分的混合分布来建模列车延迟，与标准对数正态模型相比，它可以更真实地模拟实际列车延迟的分布。最后，我们展示了如何将这些模型一起用于预测旅程最终目的地的到达延迟分布。结果表明，该方法准确地预测了十分之九的测试行程的可靠性。该方法可以通过为旅客提供可靠的信息来改进行程规划。进一步的应用包括时间表规划和运输建模。

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引用次数: 0

LingoTrip: Spatiotemporal context prompt driven large language model for individual trip prediction LingoTrip：时空语境提示驱动的大型语言模型，用于个人旅行预测

IF 2 4区工程技术 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Public Transportation

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubtr.2025.100117

Zhenlin Qin , Pengfei Zhang , Leizhen Wang , Zhenliang Ma

Large language models (LLMs) showed superior performance in many language-related tasks. It is promising to model the individual mobility prediction problem as a language model and use pretrained LLMs to predict the individual next trip information (e.g., time and location) for personalized travel recommendations. Theoretically, it is expected to overcome the common limitations of data-driven prediction models in zero/few shot learning, generalization, and interpretability. The paper proposes a LingoTrip model for predicting individual next trip location by designing the spatiotemporal context prompts for LLMs. The designed prompting strategies enable LLMs to capture implicit land use information (trip purposes), spatiotemporal mobility patterns (choice preferences), and geographical dependencies of the stations used (choice variability). The lingoTrip is validated using Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway trip data by comparing it with the state-of-the-art data-driven mobility prediction models under different training data sizes. Sensitivity analyses are performed for model hyperparameters and their tuning methods to adapt for other datasets. The results show that LingoTrip outperforms data-driven models in terms of prediction accuracy, transferability (between individuals), zero/few shot learning (limited training sample size) and interpretability of predictions. The LingoTrip model can facilitate the effective provision of personalized information for system crowding and disruption contexts (i.e., proactively providing information to targeted individuals).

大型语言模型（llm）在许多与语言相关的任务中表现出优越的性能。将个人移动性预测问题建模为语言模型，并使用预训练的llm来预测个人下一次旅行信息（例如时间和地点）以进行个性化旅行推荐，这是有希望的。理论上，它有望克服数据驱动预测模型在零/少镜头学习、泛化和可解释性方面的常见局限性。本文通过为llm设计时空上下文提示，提出了一个用于预测个人下一次旅行位置的LingoTrip模型。设计的提示策略使llm能够捕获隐含的土地利用信息（旅行目的）、时空流动模式（选择偏好）和所使用站点的地理依赖性（选择可变性）。lingoTrip使用香港地下铁路的出行数据，与最新的数据驱动的出行预测模型在不同的训练数据规模下进行了比较。对模型超参数及其调优方法进行了敏感性分析，以适应其他数据集。结果表明，LingoTrip在预测精度、可转移性（个体之间）、零/几次学习（有限的训练样本量）和预测的可解释性方面优于数据驱动模型。LingoTrip模型可以为系统拥挤和中断环境提供有效的个性化信息（即主动向目标个体提供信息）。

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引用次数: 0

Travel adaptations among women commuters in response to sexual harassment and fear of crime on public transport 女性通勤者对公共交通上的性骚扰和对犯罪的恐惧的适应

IF 2 4区工程技术 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Public Transportation

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubtr.2025.100130

Elisa Alfaro , Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios , Francisco Alonso , Sergio A. Useche

Promoting public transport is widely regarded as a key strategy for advancing sustainability. However, concerns about women’s safety continue to pose a significant barrier to its regular use. A growing number of studies have highlighted the vulnerability of female commuters to harassment and crime, yet there is limited evidence on how these experiences –and the fears they generate– translate into changes in travel behavior. This knowledge gap makes it difficult to develop evidence-based interventions. Accordingly, this study examined the interrelations between sexual harassment, fear of crime, and travel-related behavioral adaptations among female public transport users in Spain. The analysis was based on a cross-sectional sample of 720 female public transport commuters. The average age of participants was 29 years. They responded to an e-survey addressing commuting patterns, perceptions of safety, and behavioral responses. Our results suggest that both direct and indirect experiences of harassment are consistently associated with higher levels of fear of crime, which in turn influence changes in travel behavior. Specifically, fear of crime was found to partially mediate the relationship between harassment and travel-related adaptations. These findings provide further insight into how psychological and contextual factors shape women’s use of public transport, and highlight the need to address not only actual incidents but also the broader perception of insecurity.

推广公共交通被广泛认为是促进可持续发展的关键策略。然而，对妇女安全的关切继续对其正常使用构成重大障碍。越来越多的研究强调了女性通勤者在骚扰和犯罪面前的脆弱性，但关于这些经历以及由此产生的恐惧如何转化为出行行为的变化，证据有限。这种知识差距使得难以制定基于证据的干预措施。因此，本研究调查了西班牙女性公共交通用户的性骚扰、犯罪恐惧和旅行相关行为适应之间的相互关系。这项分析是基于720名女性公共交通通勤者的横断面样本。参与者的平均年龄为29岁。他们回答了一项关于通勤模式、安全感知和行为反应的电子调查。我们的研究结果表明，直接和间接的骚扰经历都与更高程度的犯罪恐惧有关，这反过来又影响了旅行行为的变化。具体来说，对犯罪的恐惧在一定程度上调解了骚扰与旅行相关适应之间的关系。这些发现进一步揭示了心理和环境因素是如何影响女性使用公共交通的，并强调了不仅需要解决实际事件，还需要解决更广泛的不安全感。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the effects of fare characteristics on fare equity: A scoping review 评估票价特征对票价公平的影响：范围审查

IF 2 4区工程技术 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Public Transportation

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubtr.2025.100140

Lancelot Rodrigue , Madhav G. Badami , Ahmed El-Geneidy

While public-transit fares can represent barriers to some people to use public-transit systems, they remain a major source of funding for operating it. Given the ubiquitous nature of fares in public-transit systems worldwide, understanding how characteristics of fare structures affect the distribution of fare burden (i.e., fare equity) is crucial. To do so we conducted a scoping review of the current literature on public-transit fare equity. We defined fare equity in the form of vertical equity (based on the ability-to-pay principle) and market equity (based on the beneficiary-pay principle). We then screened through 511 unique studies, retaining 24 for analysis. Findings were grouped based on fare attributes (e.g., distance-, time-, service- and user-based fare modulations), fare type and fare integration before combining results in a conceptual model. Distance-, time- and service-based fares were shown to have a positive effect on market equity while only income-based fares always positively impacted vertical equity. User-based fares have shown clear negative effects on market fare equity. The effects of most fare characteristics on fare equity were either not well researched or dependent on local contexts. Lastly, a lack of assessment of the synergies between fare characteristics in their effect on fare equity was also observed. Potential opposite effects of fare characteristics on vertical and market fare equity points to the necessity for public-transit agencies to choose which form of fare equity to promote. Recommendations for practitioners and researchers based on our findings are provided to guide the field of fare equity forward.

虽然公共交通票价可能成为一些人使用公共交通系统的障碍，但它们仍然是运营公共交通系统的主要资金来源。鉴于全球公共交通系统票价普遍存在，了解票价结构的特征如何影响票价负担的分布（即票价公平）至关重要。为此，我们对目前有关公共交通票价公平的文献进行了范围审查。我们以垂直公平（基于支付能力原则）和市场公平（基于受益-支付原则）的形式定义票价公平。然后，我们筛选了511项独特的研究，保留了24项用于分析。调查结果根据票价属性（例如，基于距离、时间、服务和用户的票价调整）、票价类型和票价整合进行分组，然后将结果合并成一个概念模型。以距离、时间和服务为基础的票价对市场公平有积极影响，而只有以收入为基础的票价总是对垂直公平有积极影响。以用户为基础的票价对市场票价公平产生了明显的负面影响。大多数票价特征对票价公平的影响要么没有得到很好的研究，要么取决于当地的情况。最后，还观察到缺乏对票价特征对票价公平影响的协同效应的评估。票价特征对垂直和市场票价公平的潜在相反影响表明，公共交通机构有必要选择推广哪种形式的票价公平。根据我们的研究结果，为从业者和研究人员提供了建议，以指导票价公平领域的发展。

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引用次数: 0

An exact approach for the static docked bike rebalancing problem that minimizes the routing costs and unmet demand under various geographic considerations 在各种地理条件下，最小化路径成本和未满足需求的静态停靠自行车再平衡问题的精确方法

IF 2 4区工程技术 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Public Transportation

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubtr.2025.100141

Aliki Pouliasi , Amalia Nikolopoulou , Konstantinos Gkiotsalitis , Konstantinos Kepaptsoglou

Bike sharing systems have the potential to significantly alleviate traffic congestion, reduce emissions and diminish reliance on parking facilities in city centers. One critical factor influencing the success of a bike sharing system is the effectiveness of rebalancing operations. These operations involve repositioning of the bikes at available stations through pickup and delivery activities performed by trucks, so that the anticipated user demand is satisfied. The Static Docked Bike Rebalancing Problem (SBRP) focuses on determining a cost-effective sequence of stations to be visited by trucks, along with the corresponding quantity of bikes to be picked up or delivered at each station. Deviating from past studies, we propose a new formulation for the SBRP problem which minimizes the cost of rebalancing operations, while factoring in the cost of unsatisfied user demand. The developed mathematical model is a mixed-integer nonlinear program, which is reformulated as a mixed-integer linear program. Lazy constraints and valid inequalities are introduced to improve performance and reduce computational times. A new set of problem instances is also generated based on benchmark problem instances from past studies. The applicability of the proposed methodology is also examined on a real case of the bike rebalancing problem, in the municipality of Penteli, a suburban area of Athens, Greece. The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed model is capable of solving small scale instances to global optimality. Furthermore, the proposed heuristic manages to match the optimal solutions in very short computational times. To analyze the impact of the geographic distribution of station locations on the total cost of transportation of the rebalancing network, different computational experiments have been performed. The results obtained indicate that the stations’ geographic distribution has a significant impact on the total routing costs of the network.

自行车共享系统有可能显著缓解交通拥堵，减少排放，并减少对市中心停车设施的依赖。影响共享单车系统成功的一个关键因素是重新平衡运营的有效性。这些操作包括通过卡车的拾取和交付活动将自行车重新定位在可用的站点，从而满足预期的用户需求。静态停靠自行车再平衡问题（SBRP）侧重于确定卡车访问站点的成本效益顺序，以及在每个站点取走或交付相应数量的自行车。与以往的研究不同，我们提出了一个新的SBRP问题的公式，该公式在考虑未满足用户需求的成本的同时，将再平衡操作的成本最小化。所建立的数学模型是一个混合整数非线性规划，将其重新表述为一个混合整数线性规划。引入延迟约束和有效不等式来提高性能和减少计算时间。基于过去研究中的基准问题实例，还生成了一组新的问题实例。本文还对希腊雅典郊区Penteli市的自行车再平衡问题的实际案例进行了适用性研究。实验结果表明，该模型能够解决小尺度的全局最优问题。此外，所提出的启发式算法能够在很短的计算时间内匹配最优解。为了分析站点位置的地理分布对再平衡网络总运输成本的影响，进行了不同的计算实验。结果表明，站点的地理分布对网络的总路由成本有显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

SimFLEX: A methodology for comparative analysis of urban areas for implementing new on-demand feeder bus services SimFLEX：为实施新的按需接驳巴士服务而对市区进行比较分析的方法

IF 2 4区工程技术 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Public Transportation

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubtr.2025.100142

Hanna Vasiutina , Olha Shulika , Michał Bujak , Farnoud Ghasemi , Rafał Kucharski

On-demand feeder bus services present an innovative solution to urban mobility challenges, yet their success depends on a thorough assessment and strategic planning. Despite their potential, a systematic methodology for selecting suitable service areas remains underdeveloped. Simulation Framework for Feeder Location Evaluation (SimFLEX) utilizes spatial, demographic, and transportation-specific characteristics to conduct simulations at a microscopic level and compute various key performance indicators (KPIs), including service attractiveness, waiting time reduction, and added value. To address the stochastic nature of demand and uncertainty embedded in mode choice, we leverage Monte Carlo analysis, capturing variability across simulated scenarios. Our framework integrates several methods for a complete assessment of feeder potential: microscopic demand generation, creation of shared rides, public transport modeling, and iterative traveler learning and stabilization approach. Once the system stabilizes, KPIs are computed for comparative and sensitivity analyzes. As a showcase for our method, we apply SimFLEX to compare two remote districts in Krakow, Poland – Bronowice and Skotniki – designated as candidates for service deployment. Despite similar urban characteristics, our analysis revealed notable differences in KPIs between the analyzed areas: Skotniki exhibited higher service attractiveness (around 30 %) and added value (up to 7 %), whereas Bronowice showed greater potential for reducing waiting times (around 77 %). To assess the robustness of SimFLEX outputs under uncertain behavioral assumptions, we conducted a sensitivity analysis across a range of alternative-specific constants. The results consistently confirmed Skotniki as the more suitable candidate for feeder service implementation, demonstrating that this conclusion holds despite variations in a key preference parameter. The SimFLEX framework can be instrumental for decision makers to estimate feeder potential for a designated area. The model’s flexibility and modular characteristics make it a versatile tool for policymakers and urban planners to enhance urban mobility.

按需接驳巴士服务为解决城市交通挑战提供了创新的解决方案，但其成功与否取决于全面的评估和战略规划。尽管有潜力，但选择适当服务地区的系统方法仍然不发达。SimFLEX利用空间、人口统计和交通特定特征在微观层面进行模拟，并计算各种关键绩效指标（kpi），包括服务吸引力、等待时间减少和附加值。为了解决需求的随机性和模式选择中的不确定性，我们利用蒙特卡罗分析，捕捉模拟场景中的可变性。我们的框架集成了几种方法来全面评估支线潜力：微观需求生成、共享乘车创建、公共交通建模以及迭代的旅行者学习和稳定方法。一旦系统稳定下来，kpi就会被计算出来进行比较分析和敏感性分析。为了演示我们的方法，我们应用SimFLEX对波兰克拉科夫的两个偏远地区（Bronowice和Skotniki）进行比较，这两个地区被指定为服务部署的候选地区。尽管城市特征相似，但我们的分析揭示了所分析地区之间kpi的显着差异：Skotniki表现出更高的服务吸引力（约30% %）和附加值（高达7% %），而Bronowice表现出更大的减少等待时间的潜力（约77% %）。为了在不确定的行为假设下评估SimFLEX输出的稳健性，我们对一系列替代特定常数进行了敏感性分析。结果一致证实Skotniki是更适合支线服务实施的候选者，表明尽管关键偏好参数存在变化，但这一结论仍然成立。SimFLEX框架可以帮助决策者估计指定区域的支线潜力。该模型的灵活性和模块化特点使其成为政策制定者和城市规划者增强城市流动性的多功能工具。

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引用次数: 0

The influence of walking accessibility on station-to-station passenger flow and its interaction with metropolitan race/class segregation: A case study of MARTA’s heavy-rail network, Atlanta (USA) 步行可达性对站间客流的影响及其与大都市种族/阶级隔离的相互作用——以美国亚特兰大MARTA重铁路网为例

IF 2 4区工程技术 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Public Transportation

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100115

Luis Enrique Ramos-Santiago , Luke Derochers

Mass transit is a key transport strategy in helping cities decarbonize, adapt to an era of rapid climate change, and guide rapid urbanization. Central to transit planning is the ability to accurately estimate demand for an effective, efficient, and equitable infrastructure and services. Instrumental to this effort is direct-demand modelling (DDM), which has evolved to become more nuanced in predicting ridership at station-level and station-to-station levels and in shedding light on key ridership and performance determinants. Local and Metropolitan accessibility as predictors of transit patronage has been shown significant in recent DDM studies at station-level, with an apparent synergistic relationship. This, however, has not been explored on a station-to-station passenger flow level. In several ways this is a more valid unit of analysis for rail ridership studies as it captures critical factors between and at both ends of the trip that are experienced by the passenger. It is also well documented that the sensitivity of passengers to key ridership determinants varies across income levels. In some jurisdictions income level strongly correlates with race/ethnicity and/or class, due in part to historical legacies of classism and/or racism. Segregation because of class and/or race prejudice, often found in US cities, might yield spatial heterogeneity in whole-network DDM model parameters and introduce bias that could potentially mislead transit analysts, policy makers, and systemwide effectiveness. We explored and tested these possibilities and considered modelling and policy implications as we leveraged Atlanta’s legacy of racial and income segregation in studying MARTA’s Origin-Destination (O-D) passenger flow patterns. First, a potential synergistic relationship between origin-stations’ and destination-stations’ walking accessibility levels was tested. Disparities, if any, in this and other ridership determinants were then explored between two distinct sets of O-D pairs whose origin Pedsheds accommodate majority-white or majority-nonwhite residents. Comparison and testing using generalized crossed-effects modelling reveals important differences in fit, magnitude, and significance of some parameters across submodels and as compared to the whole-network model. We also identified distinct moderating effects of distance between O-D pair stations and walking accessibility levels across submodels. In racially- and/or class-segregated cities planners would benefit from developing race- and/or class-based DDM submodels that would likely yield less biassed parameters; improve our understanding of rail transit patronage determinants; and help in crafting more effective and equitable transit and land-use policies.

公共交通是帮助城市脱碳、适应快速气候变化时代和引导快速城市化的关键交通战略。交通规划的核心是能够准确估计对有效、高效、公平的基础设施和服务的需求。直接需求模型（DDM）对这一努力起到了重要作用，该模型在预测站级和站间客流量以及揭示关键客流量和绩效决定因素方面已经变得更加细致入微。在最近的车站水平的DDM研究中，本地和大都市可达性作为交通惠民的预测因素已被证明是显著的，具有明显的协同关系。然而，这一点还没有在车站到车站的客流水平上进行探讨。从几个方面来说，这是一个更有效的铁路客运量研究分析单位，因为它捕捉到了乘客在旅程之间和两端所经历的关键因素。有充分的证据表明，乘客对主要乘客决定因素的敏感性因收入水平而异。在一些司法管辖区，收入水平与种族/民族和/或阶级密切相关，部分原因是阶级主义和/或种族主义的历史遗产。由于阶级和/或种族偏见而导致的隔离，在美国城市中经常发现，可能会导致全网DDM模型参数的空间异质性，并引入可能误导交通分析师、政策制定者和系统范围有效性的偏见。我们探索和测试了这些可能性，并考虑了建模和政策影响，因为我们利用亚特兰大的种族和收入隔离遗产来研究MARTA的始发目的地（O-D）客流模式。首先，对起点站和终点站步行可达性水平之间的潜在协同关系进行了测试。然后，研究人员在两组不同的O-D对之间探讨了这一和其他乘客决定因素的差异（如果有的话），这两组O-D对的起源社区容纳了多数白人或多数非白人居民。使用广义交叉效应模型进行比较和测试，揭示了与整个网络模型相比，某些参数在子模型之间的拟合、幅度和显著性方面存在重要差异。我们还发现了不同子模型之间O-D对站之间的距离对步行可达性水平的显著调节作用。在种族和/或阶级隔离的城市，规划者将受益于开发基于种族和/或阶级的DDM子模型，这些子模型可能产生较少偏见的参数；提高我们对轨道交通乘客决定因素的理解；并帮助制定更有效和公平的交通和土地使用政策。

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引用次数: 0

The personal safety burden for women taking public transport in Australia and implications for provision of equitable public transport 澳大利亚乘坐公共交通工具的妇女的人身安全负担及其对提供公平的公共交通的影响

IF 2 4区工程技术 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Public Transportation

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubtr.2025.100118

Julie A. King , Dominique A. Greer , Rae S.M. Danvers , Byron W. Keating

Travel on public transport for women is associated with concerns about safety from harassment and violence, and women may avoid public transport or make changes to their travel as a consequence. This qualitative research aimed to explore women’s experiences on public transport, the steps they take to avoid harassment and violence, and what they thought could be done to improve their safety. Women (n = 44) in Australia’s two largest cities, Sydney and Melbourne, were recruited for focus group discussions and their responses were analysed thematically. The results showed that women experience a personal safety burden, due to the need to anticipate possible exposure to harassment and violence, plan ways of avoiding or mitigating the risk, and use defensive tactics to cope with uncomfortable situations. This personal safety burden has five dimensions: cognitive, temporal, emotional, financial and social. The responses showed that women tended to take the public transport system as a given, and to believe they needed to take responsibility for their own safety, so that they did not nominate particular solutions for public transport providers to implement. However, it was evident that the features of public transport travel that participants felt were safer, such as the presence of trained staff, are diminishing with the move to greater use of technology and automation. It is considered that public transport providers have an obligation to ensure that women are not disadvantaged by the personal safety burden observed in this research. It is recommended that public transport providers note the existing features that women find safer (e.g., well-lit environment, presence of trained staff) and seek to extend their provision; and investigate innovative means of maintaining and enhancing safety for women while pursing technological change.

妇女乘坐公共交通工具与对免受骚扰和暴力的安全担忧有关，因此妇女可能会避免乘坐公共交通工具或改变其出行方式。这项定性研究旨在探讨妇女在公共交通上的经历，她们为避免骚扰和暴力所采取的步骤，以及她们认为可以做些什么来改善她们的安全。澳大利亚最大的两个城市悉尼和墨尔本的妇女（ = 44）被招募参加焦点小组讨论，并对她们的回答进行主题分析。结果表明，由于需要预测可能遭受的骚扰和暴力，计划避免或减轻风险的方法，以及使用防御策略来应对不舒服的情况，女性经历了人身安全负担。这种个人安全负担有五个方面：认知、时间、情感、经济和社会。答复显示，妇女倾向于把公共交通系统视为一种既定的东西，并认为她们需要对自己的安全负责，因此她们没有为公共交通提供者提出具体的解决办法。然而，很明显，随着更多地使用技术和自动化，参与者认为公共交通旅行更安全的特点，例如有训练有素的工作人员，正在减少。人们认为，公共交通提供者有义务确保妇女不会因本研究中观察到的人身安全负担而处于不利地位。建议公共交通提供者注意到妇女认为比较安全的现有特点（例如，光线充足的环境、有受过训练的工作人员），并设法扩大其提供范围；在追求技术变革的同时，研究维护和加强妇女安全的创新手段。

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