Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2022.2102669
Kerri Bodin, M. Taks
ABSTRACT In the context of sport events, local governments are often, at least in part, responsible for bringing an event to a community and determining the extent of public funding invested. Due to the government’s role and responsibility to act in the best interest of residents, the dyadic public/government relationship is an integral part of publicly funded sport events. However, the nuances of the public/government relationship in the context of sport events have seldom been investigated. The purpose of this contribution is to offer a conceptual approach to explore the host resident/local government relationship in the sport event context. Using agency theory, we situate host residents as the principal, delegating tasks to the local government, the agent. We demonstrate how introducing concepts of knowledge, power, and trust from this perspective can determine the extent to which principal-agent problems may exist in the context of a sport event. This in turn offers insights into the political impact sport events may have in communities and how the local government can better serve host residents in this context. Methodological suggestions, such as drawing on mixed methods approaches and engaging diverse groups of research participants are offered to provide researchers the tools to apply these concepts in the context of publicly funded sport events.
{"title":"Unpacking the public/government relationship in the context of sport events: an agency theory approach","authors":"Kerri Bodin, M. Taks","doi":"10.1080/19406940.2022.2102669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2022.2102669","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the context of sport events, local governments are often, at least in part, responsible for bringing an event to a community and determining the extent of public funding invested. Due to the government’s role and responsibility to act in the best interest of residents, the dyadic public/government relationship is an integral part of publicly funded sport events. However, the nuances of the public/government relationship in the context of sport events have seldom been investigated. The purpose of this contribution is to offer a conceptual approach to explore the host resident/local government relationship in the sport event context. Using agency theory, we situate host residents as the principal, delegating tasks to the local government, the agent. We demonstrate how introducing concepts of knowledge, power, and trust from this perspective can determine the extent to which principal-agent problems may exist in the context of a sport event. This in turn offers insights into the political impact sport events may have in communities and how the local government can better serve host residents in this context. Methodological suggestions, such as drawing on mixed methods approaches and engaging diverse groups of research participants are offered to provide researchers the tools to apply these concepts in the context of publicly funded sport events.","PeriodicalId":47174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"657 - 671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45014276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2022.2101503
Michael Burke
ABSTRACT Since the update of the Stockholm consensus in 2015, the policy direction had been to allow trans and non-binary women to participate as women athletes, after satisfying certain restrictions. More recently, a reversal in policy direction towards the exclusion of trans* athletes from women’s competitive sports has occurred. This policy reversal has been driven by a number of authors who openly support a gender critical feminist position. This brief commentary looks at three pillars of the gender critical position, and argues that each of these three pillars will produce conservative outcomes in women’s sport that will do nothing to challenge the dominance of men, nor prevent the ongoing subordination of both women and trans* athletes.
{"title":"Trans women participation in sport: a commentary on the conservatism of gender critical feminism","authors":"Michael Burke","doi":"10.1080/19406940.2022.2101503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2022.2101503","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the update of the Stockholm consensus in 2015, the policy direction had been to allow trans and non-binary women to participate as women athletes, after satisfying certain restrictions. More recently, a reversal in policy direction towards the exclusion of trans* athletes from women’s competitive sports has occurred. This policy reversal has been driven by a number of authors who openly support a gender critical feminist position. This brief commentary looks at three pillars of the gender critical position, and argues that each of these three pillars will produce conservative outcomes in women’s sport that will do nothing to challenge the dominance of men, nor prevent the ongoing subordination of both women and trans* athletes.","PeriodicalId":47174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"689 - 696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48172828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2022.2100807
B. Houlihan
ABSTRACT Accompanying the spread of sports as a global business and a political/diplomatic resource have been attempts to underpin the organisation and practice of sports with a set of Kantian values that maintain its economic/cultural utility while also protecting the rights and dignity of key stakeholders, especially athletes. In recent years, there has been growing evidence of challenges, at both the grassroots and corporate/governmental level, to the globalisation of liberal Enlightenment values. This paper addresses three research questions: 1) to what extent are the Kantian values that underpin international rights conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights under threat from anti-globalisation pressures; 2) to what extent are these challenges evident in sport and 3) how secure are the liberal values that underpin international sports documents/agreements such as the Olympic Charter, the WADA Code, the Brighton Plus Helsinki 2014 Declaration on Women and Sport and the Universal Declaration of Player Rights? It is argued that the challenges are substantial and have significant consequences for the values underpinning global sport. The focus of analysis is on three elements of the global sports infrastructure: international sports agreements/declarations, national identity politics and international sports organisations. It is argued that the strength of the challenges is undermining the values on which global sport has been built either by attempts to redefine core liberal values or by simply ignoring them. The same countries that are seeking to undermine global human rights conventions are also reluctant to be bound by sports-related institutions and conventions.
{"title":"Challenges to globalisation and the impact on the values underpinning international sport agreements","authors":"B. Houlihan","doi":"10.1080/19406940.2022.2100807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2022.2100807","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Accompanying the spread of sports as a global business and a political/diplomatic resource have been attempts to underpin the organisation and practice of sports with a set of Kantian values that maintain its economic/cultural utility while also protecting the rights and dignity of key stakeholders, especially athletes. In recent years, there has been growing evidence of challenges, at both the grassroots and corporate/governmental level, to the globalisation of liberal Enlightenment values. This paper addresses three research questions: 1) to what extent are the Kantian values that underpin international rights conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights under threat from anti-globalisation pressures; 2) to what extent are these challenges evident in sport and 3) how secure are the liberal values that underpin international sports documents/agreements such as the Olympic Charter, the WADA Code, the Brighton Plus Helsinki 2014 Declaration on Women and Sport and the Universal Declaration of Player Rights? It is argued that the challenges are substantial and have significant consequences for the values underpinning global sport. The focus of analysis is on three elements of the global sports infrastructure: international sports agreements/declarations, national identity politics and international sports organisations. It is argued that the strength of the challenges is undermining the values on which global sport has been built either by attempts to redefine core liberal values or by simply ignoring them. The same countries that are seeking to undermine global human rights conventions are also reluctant to be bound by sports-related institutions and conventions.","PeriodicalId":47174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"607 - 620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45990591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2022.2090995
R. Eime, J. Harvey, M. Charity, H. Westerbeek
ABSTRACT There have been increased opportunities for women and girls to play traditionally male-dominated sports. However, we do not know the impact of these opportunities on participation. The study aim was to investigate the changing sport participation trends of women and girls, and in particular the increasing rates of participation in traditional male-dominated sports. Australian community-level registered sport participant data from five sports (three male-dominated, one female-dominated, and one gender-neutral) was tracked over the three years 2016–2018. There were 513,270 participants in year 1, 160,178 female and 353,092 male. Over the three years there was considerable increase in number of female participants, a rise of 15,646, compared to a decrease of 13,397 in male participants. The study shows that in year 1 (2016), women and girls in the male-dominated sports were most likely ‘new’ to sport and not transitioning from other sports. Of women and girls transitioning into male-dominated sports many came from playing the female-only sport. In all years, many women and girls transitioned from female-only sport to male-dominated sports, reflecting increased opportunity and choices. However, men and boys more likely to be retained. The female transition trends raise the need for further growth and development strategies by the female-only sport, but also capacity and gender issues for the male-dominated sports. More broadly, sport organisations should consider retention strategies across both genders and age groups, as male retention rates still remain higher than female retention rates, and there remains a large drop-off in participation during adolescence.
{"title":"Participation of Australian women and girls in traditionally male-dominated sports 2016-2018","authors":"R. Eime, J. Harvey, M. Charity, H. Westerbeek","doi":"10.1080/19406940.2022.2090995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2022.2090995","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There have been increased opportunities for women and girls to play traditionally male-dominated sports. However, we do not know the impact of these opportunities on participation. The study aim was to investigate the changing sport participation trends of women and girls, and in particular the increasing rates of participation in traditional male-dominated sports. Australian community-level registered sport participant data from five sports (three male-dominated, one female-dominated, and one gender-neutral) was tracked over the three years 2016–2018. There were 513,270 participants in year 1, 160,178 female and 353,092 male. Over the three years there was considerable increase in number of female participants, a rise of 15,646, compared to a decrease of 13,397 in male participants. The study shows that in year 1 (2016), women and girls in the male-dominated sports were most likely ‘new’ to sport and not transitioning from other sports. Of women and girls transitioning into male-dominated sports many came from playing the female-only sport. In all years, many women and girls transitioned from female-only sport to male-dominated sports, reflecting increased opportunity and choices. However, men and boys more likely to be retained. The female transition trends raise the need for further growth and development strategies by the female-only sport, but also capacity and gender issues for the male-dominated sports. More broadly, sport organisations should consider retention strategies across both genders and age groups, as male retention rates still remain higher than female retention rates, and there remains a large drop-off in participation during adolescence.","PeriodicalId":47174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"545 - 561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42648676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2022.2037686
Grzegorz Botwina
Comparison is one of the basic skills of people, which allow them to make sense of the surrounding world. However, as the society grows, creating more complex structures, it becomes much more demanding to make the comparisons in a meaningful and insightful way. The authors of Comparing Sporting Nations: Theory and Method decomposed the philosophical underpinnings of various methods of comparing nations through the lens of sport and gave a comprehensive image of what is there to be used, how to use it and what results can or cannot be obtained with particular tools in hand. The book was co-authored by Mathew Dowling, a senior lecturer at the Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences at Anglia Ruskin University, UK, and Spencer Harris, an associate professor of Sport Management at the University of Colorado, US. Dowling’s research focuses on the organisational theory in sport sector, governance and sport policy. The previous studies by Harris are related to sport governance and policy. Both authors have previously addressed the issue of comparative studies within sport. It is a textbook that brings together the theory and methods of comparative analysis in sport. The authors use case studies to illustrate pros and cons of this methods or as they call it comparative analysis. The authors explain the rationale behind and issues with comparative studies and further with comparative studies in sport. They describe in an easy and comprehensive way, what do we gain but what we can loose while making comparisons in sport. As the authors put it:
{"title":"Comparing sporting nations: theory and method","authors":"Grzegorz Botwina","doi":"10.1080/19406940.2022.2037686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2022.2037686","url":null,"abstract":"Comparison is one of the basic skills of people, which allow them to make sense of the surrounding world. However, as the society grows, creating more complex structures, it becomes much more demanding to make the comparisons in a meaningful and insightful way. The authors of Comparing Sporting Nations: Theory and Method decomposed the philosophical underpinnings of various methods of comparing nations through the lens of sport and gave a comprehensive image of what is there to be used, how to use it and what results can or cannot be obtained with particular tools in hand. The book was co-authored by Mathew Dowling, a senior lecturer at the Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences at Anglia Ruskin University, UK, and Spencer Harris, an associate professor of Sport Management at the University of Colorado, US. Dowling’s research focuses on the organisational theory in sport sector, governance and sport policy. The previous studies by Harris are related to sport governance and policy. Both authors have previously addressed the issue of comparative studies within sport. It is a textbook that brings together the theory and methods of comparative analysis in sport. The authors use case studies to illustrate pros and cons of this methods or as they call it comparative analysis. The authors explain the rationale behind and issues with comparative studies and further with comparative studies in sport. They describe in an easy and comprehensive way, what do we gain but what we can loose while making comparisons in sport. As the authors put it:","PeriodicalId":47174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"581 - 583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48900722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2022.2090994
Emily McCullogh, P. Safai
ABSTRACT Socio-cultural research on athlete maltreatment is well documented, with much work focused on examining the spectrum of mistreatment and programmatic/policy responses. While some sport governing bodies have implemented a ‘duty of care’ approach, more definitional analyses of care and caring in competitive youth sport remain absent. This gap served as point of departure for an institutional ethnographic study designed to examine practices of care and caring within the context of youth competitive volleyball through a socio-philosophical lens. Informed by the philosophical frameworks espoused in the Ethics of Care and the Ethics of Need, this paper utilises textual and interview data from the larger study to examine how athletes, coaches, and parents interpret and practice care in relationship to notions of care established in the sport organisation’s governing policies. The results showed how, at the institutional level, notions of care expressed in the sport organisation’s governing documents focused more so on identifying and preventing uncaring practices rather than illuminating what constitutes care and caring, while participants negotiated and interpreted their lived experiences of care as the prioritisation of the needs of athletes over the performance imperative. This was particularly true for coaches who were dually tasked with the care-taking of youth athletes on their teams, whilst also ensuring performance success on the playing field. Thus, coaches are responsible for practices of care in situ that are not fulsomely addressed in governing policies, which presents challenges for coaches when balancing athletes’ needs while also adhering to the aims of competitive sport.
{"title":"Translating care from policy to practice: limits and lessons from an institutional ethnographic study examining Ontario youth volleyball","authors":"Emily McCullogh, P. Safai","doi":"10.1080/19406940.2022.2090994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2022.2090994","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Socio-cultural research on athlete maltreatment is well documented, with much work focused on examining the spectrum of mistreatment and programmatic/policy responses. While some sport governing bodies have implemented a ‘duty of care’ approach, more definitional analyses of care and caring in competitive youth sport remain absent. This gap served as point of departure for an institutional ethnographic study designed to examine practices of care and caring within the context of youth competitive volleyball through a socio-philosophical lens. Informed by the philosophical frameworks espoused in the Ethics of Care and the Ethics of Need, this paper utilises textual and interview data from the larger study to examine how athletes, coaches, and parents interpret and practice care in relationship to notions of care established in the sport organisation’s governing policies. The results showed how, at the institutional level, notions of care expressed in the sport organisation’s governing documents focused more so on identifying and preventing uncaring practices rather than illuminating what constitutes care and caring, while participants negotiated and interpreted their lived experiences of care as the prioritisation of the needs of athletes over the performance imperative. This was particularly true for coaches who were dually tasked with the care-taking of youth athletes on their teams, whilst also ensuring performance success on the playing field. Thus, coaches are responsible for practices of care in situ that are not fulsomely addressed in governing policies, which presents challenges for coaches when balancing athletes’ needs while also adhering to the aims of competitive sport.","PeriodicalId":47174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"529 - 544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44477438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2022.2161600
L'aszl'o Csat'o
ABSTRACT The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) distributes commercial revenue from its club competitions according to a complex mechanism. Coefficient-based amounts are paid such that the participating teams are ranked on the basis of performances over the last 10 years. Due to the non-anonymity of this allocation rule, all clubs are interested in qualification together with lower-ranked teams, which makes the procedure incentive incompatible. In particular, the English club Arsenal is found to lose 132 thousand Euros prize money in the 2022/23 UEFA Europa League because of exerting full effort in its domestic championship. Two strategy-proof alternatives are proposed to divide fairly this pillar of the revenue distribution system.
{"title":"The unfairness of the revenue distribution system used in the UEFA club competitions","authors":"L'aszl'o Csat'o","doi":"10.1080/19406940.2022.2161600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2022.2161600","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) distributes commercial revenue from its club competitions according to a complex mechanism. Coefficient-based amounts are paid such that the participating teams are ranked on the basis of performances over the last 10 years. Due to the non-anonymity of this allocation rule, all clubs are interested in qualification together with lower-ranked teams, which makes the procedure incentive incompatible. In particular, the English club Arsenal is found to lose 132 thousand Euros prize money in the 2022/23 UEFA Europa League because of exerting full effort in its domestic championship. Two strategy-proof alternatives are proposed to divide fairly this pillar of the revenue distribution system.","PeriodicalId":47174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics","volume":"15 1","pages":"187 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42190783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2022.2080245
Bradley Spurdens, Daniel Bloyce
ABSTRACT LGBT+ issues and advocacy are becoming more considered in various policies throughout society. However, sport is often described as a resistive space to such policies. This paper examines the effectiveness of current LGBT+ equality policies within English sports organisations. Specifically, 188 National Governing Body (NGB) policies were reviewed as well as 67 policies from other relevant organisations. We utilised a Foucauldian discourse analysis to identify the dominant narratives within the policies. From our analysis, we suggest that what is explicit throughout the policies is a partial stasis. This stasis takes the form of organisations gesturing towards change but failing to implement it concretely in their policies. We describe this process using the concept of ‘equality-proofing’ where just enough is done by organisations to gesture towards change or equality. Finally, recommendations for future policy praxis are considered.
{"title":"Beyond the rainbow: a discourse analysis of English sports organisations LGBT+ equality diversity and inclusion policies","authors":"Bradley Spurdens, Daniel Bloyce","doi":"10.1080/19406940.2022.2080245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2022.2080245","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT LGBT+ issues and advocacy are becoming more considered in various policies throughout society. However, sport is often described as a resistive space to such policies. This paper examines the effectiveness of current LGBT+ equality policies within English sports organisations. Specifically, 188 National Governing Body (NGB) policies were reviewed as well as 67 policies from other relevant organisations. We utilised a Foucauldian discourse analysis to identify the dominant narratives within the policies. From our analysis, we suggest that what is explicit throughout the policies is a partial stasis. This stasis takes the form of organisations gesturing towards change but failing to implement it concretely in their policies. We describe this process using the concept of ‘equality-proofing’ where just enough is done by organisations to gesture towards change or equality. Finally, recommendations for future policy praxis are considered.","PeriodicalId":47174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"507 - 527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41651724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2022.2082512
Wawan Junresti Daya
The shift in the sports industry, especially the organisation of mega sport events from developed countries to emerging nations, the attention of many parties to conduct academic research to investigate the phenomena that occur in emerging nations and the extent of the impact of the sports industry on socio-economic development in the country. Sport and Development in Emerging Nations , edited by Cem Tinaz and Brendon Knott, contributes to the literature by illustrat-ing how sports can be used as a tool to achieve economic and social development goals, from the policy and political perspectives in emerging nations.
{"title":"Sport and development in emerging nations","authors":"Wawan Junresti Daya","doi":"10.1080/19406940.2022.2082512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2022.2082512","url":null,"abstract":"The shift in the sports industry, especially the organisation of mega sport events from developed countries to emerging nations, the attention of many parties to conduct academic research to investigate the phenomena that occur in emerging nations and the extent of the impact of the sports industry on socio-economic development in the country. Sport and Development in Emerging Nations , edited by Cem Tinaz and Brendon Knott, contributes to the literature by illustrat-ing how sports can be used as a tool to achieve economic and social development goals, from the policy and political perspectives in emerging nations.","PeriodicalId":47174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"713 - 714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47903755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-20DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2022.2074515
Andrew M. Hammond
ABSTRACT The present study explored how disability-inclusive policies (e.g., the 7 Pillars of Inclusion and the Inclusive Swimming Framework) were enacted in practice by eight swimming coaches in Australia. The purpose of this study was to explore how these individual coaches experienced including disabled athletes within their practice and how they balanced elite- and mass-participation objectives. Coaches in this study worked in a variety of settings as either full-time employees of a swimming club, independent contractors, or employees of private schools that ran school and community swimming programmes. Theoretical concepts of policy enactment, drawn from policy sociology in education, guided the analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with coaches. Participants reported coaching individuals competing at the state, national, and international level. Findings showed that coaches in this study ignored, adjusted, and re-worked official policies so they would fit with the contextual and cultural constraints of their organisations. Coaches were generally ambivalent towards people with disabilities; however, all were ‘willing and able’ to work with disabled athletes. Furthermore, findings indicated that the disconnect between coach development and inclusion policy development at Australian Swimming is effecting coaches, as these coaches did not see the promotion of inclusion as part of their coaching role. Therefore, it is posited that disability education should be included within broader coach education and development curriculum in line with broader governmental and Australian Swimming inclusion policy agendas aimed at improving participation of people with disabilities in sport. Implications for research, educators, and policy are discussed.
{"title":"The relationship between disability and inclusion policy and sports coaches’ perceptions of practice","authors":"Andrew M. Hammond","doi":"10.1080/19406940.2022.2074515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2022.2074515","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study explored how disability-inclusive policies (e.g., the 7 Pillars of Inclusion and the Inclusive Swimming Framework) were enacted in practice by eight swimming coaches in Australia. The purpose of this study was to explore how these individual coaches experienced including disabled athletes within their practice and how they balanced elite- and mass-participation objectives. Coaches in this study worked in a variety of settings as either full-time employees of a swimming club, independent contractors, or employees of private schools that ran school and community swimming programmes. Theoretical concepts of policy enactment, drawn from policy sociology in education, guided the analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with coaches. Participants reported coaching individuals competing at the state, national, and international level. Findings showed that coaches in this study ignored, adjusted, and re-worked official policies so they would fit with the contextual and cultural constraints of their organisations. Coaches were generally ambivalent towards people with disabilities; however, all were ‘willing and able’ to work with disabled athletes. Furthermore, findings indicated that the disconnect between coach development and inclusion policy development at Australian Swimming is effecting coaches, as these coaches did not see the promotion of inclusion as part of their coaching role. Therefore, it is posited that disability education should be included within broader coach education and development curriculum in line with broader governmental and Australian Swimming inclusion policy agendas aimed at improving participation of people with disabilities in sport. Implications for research, educators, and policy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"471 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46726097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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