Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/00812463221106262
A. Kagee
This article discusses the merits of screening for distress in the context of a chronic illness, such as cancer, with a particular focus on resource-constrained health care systems such as those in low-and-middle income countries. Despite calls for distress to be considered a vital sign, like pain it is not objectively verifiable as it relies solely on the person’s subjective appraisal. Accordingly, the Distress Thermometer has limited validity considering its concordance with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, which itself has limitations in terms of its psychometric properties. Indeed, an elevated score on a self-report measure does not indicate caseness for a mental health condition. Distress is often self-limiting and transient, whereas common mental disorders require evidence-informed treatment. In the context of scarce resources as is the case in low-and-middle income countries, efforts should instead be directed at identifying common mental disorders among persons living with cancer and others who have serious health threats. Such an approach will increase the likelihood of resources being directed at those who are most likely to benefit from psychological interventions. Where persons living with cancer indicate the need for psychosocial services, ways to manage distress include problem-solving therapy, motivational interviewing, and mindfulness-based stress reduction.
{"title":"Distress among cancer patients: some considerations in identification and treatment","authors":"A. Kagee","doi":"10.1177/00812463221106262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221106262","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the merits of screening for distress in the context of a chronic illness, such as cancer, with a particular focus on resource-constrained health care systems such as those in low-and-middle income countries. Despite calls for distress to be considered a vital sign, like pain it is not objectively verifiable as it relies solely on the person’s subjective appraisal. Accordingly, the Distress Thermometer has limited validity considering its concordance with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, which itself has limitations in terms of its psychometric properties. Indeed, an elevated score on a self-report measure does not indicate caseness for a mental health condition. Distress is often self-limiting and transient, whereas common mental disorders require evidence-informed treatment. In the context of scarce resources as is the case in low-and-middle income countries, efforts should instead be directed at identifying common mental disorders among persons living with cancer and others who have serious health threats. Such an approach will increase the likelihood of resources being directed at those who are most likely to benefit from psychological interventions. Where persons living with cancer indicate the need for psychosocial services, ways to manage distress include problem-solving therapy, motivational interviewing, and mindfulness-based stress reduction.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":"53 1","pages":"92 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48366398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.1177/00812463221151008
Aline Ferreira-Correia, K. Cockcroft
The practice of neuropsychological assessment in South Africa is complicated by the lack of norms that are representative of clients’ educational and linguistic experiences. In an attempt to address this challenge, we argue that Crawford and Howell’s Single-Case Methodology in Neuropsychology is a good option for the neuropsychological investigation of cases that are not well represented by the available norms. This research design and inferential statistical method compares the scores of one case to the performance of a carefully matched sample of modest size. In order that practitioners and researchers might use this methodology, we provide a set of norms for South Africans with specific demographic profiles on a range of well-researched and commonly used neuropsychological tests. We provide an illustrative case study to demonstrate the application of Crawford and Howell’s Single-Case Methodology, which shows how the selection of an appropriately matched norm (control) group is an effective way to reduce test biases for individuals who are not represented by the original test norms.
{"title":"Controlling for inequality in neuropsychological assessment: using Crawford and Howell’s (1998) single-case methodology with norms from demographically homogeneous groups of South Africans","authors":"Aline Ferreira-Correia, K. Cockcroft","doi":"10.1177/00812463221151008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221151008","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of neuropsychological assessment in South Africa is complicated by the lack of norms that are representative of clients’ educational and linguistic experiences. In an attempt to address this challenge, we argue that Crawford and Howell’s Single-Case Methodology in Neuropsychology is a good option for the neuropsychological investigation of cases that are not well represented by the available norms. This research design and inferential statistical method compares the scores of one case to the performance of a carefully matched sample of modest size. In order that practitioners and researchers might use this methodology, we provide a set of norms for South Africans with specific demographic profiles on a range of well-researched and commonly used neuropsychological tests. We provide an illustrative case study to demonstrate the application of Crawford and Howell’s Single-Case Methodology, which shows how the selection of an appropriately matched norm (control) group is an effective way to reduce test biases for individuals who are not represented by the original test norms.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":"53 1","pages":"327 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44162606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.1177/00812463221148570
A. Kagee
Health interventions, including those directed at ameliorating symptoms of mental disorders, can contribute significantly to realising the goal of sustainable development. The Strategic Development Goal of ensuring healthy lives and well-being for all, at all ages, pertains all health conditions, including those affecting mental health. Considering the low ratio of researchers to the population of many low- and middle-income countries, there is a specific need to build capacity for research so as to ensure good quality data so that social policies can be data-informed. This article outlines four considerations for trial investigators assessing the effectiveness of mental health interventions in low- and middle-income countries, namely, task sharing, scaling up, structural barriers, and the transformation imperative. Task sharing is an arrangement in which non-specialist health workers receive training and supervision to screen for and diagnose mental disorders and intervene with persons affected by them. Scaling up a proof of concept is appropriate when trials yield positive results showing effectiveness of the intervention. Structural barriers such as transport difficulties, long waiting times in clinics, food insecurity, competing demands on people’s time, childcare concerns, and poor health literacy play an important role in driving health behaviours and should be considered in intervention design. Transformation of the cadre of researchers to include those from oppressed and marginalised groups will yield investigators who are able to frame research questions and develop methodologies that reflect the lived realities of these communities.
{"title":"Designing interventions to ameliorate mental health conditions in resource-constrained contexts: some considerations","authors":"A. Kagee","doi":"10.1177/00812463221148570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221148570","url":null,"abstract":"Health interventions, including those directed at ameliorating symptoms of mental disorders, can contribute significantly to realising the goal of sustainable development. The Strategic Development Goal of ensuring healthy lives and well-being for all, at all ages, pertains all health conditions, including those affecting mental health. Considering the low ratio of researchers to the population of many low- and middle-income countries, there is a specific need to build capacity for research so as to ensure good quality data so that social policies can be data-informed. This article outlines four considerations for trial investigators assessing the effectiveness of mental health interventions in low- and middle-income countries, namely, task sharing, scaling up, structural barriers, and the transformation imperative. Task sharing is an arrangement in which non-specialist health workers receive training and supervision to screen for and diagnose mental disorders and intervene with persons affected by them. Scaling up a proof of concept is appropriate when trials yield positive results showing effectiveness of the intervention. Structural barriers such as transport difficulties, long waiting times in clinics, food insecurity, competing demands on people’s time, childcare concerns, and poor health literacy play an important role in driving health behaviours and should be considered in intervention design. Transformation of the cadre of researchers to include those from oppressed and marginalised groups will yield investigators who are able to frame research questions and develop methodologies that reflect the lived realities of these communities.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":"53 1","pages":"429 - 437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46759800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.1177/00812463221150149
A. Pillay
{"title":"A decade at the helm of the South African Journal of Psychology","authors":"A. Pillay","doi":"10.1177/00812463221150149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221150149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":"53 1","pages":"3 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42823681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.1177/00812463221148552
E. Johnston
In this article, perspectives of South African clinical psychologists (based in KwaZulu-Natal) regarding multicultural issues in clinical practice and training are presented. The discussion focuses on emergent themes from 13 qualitative semi-structured interviews. Themes from interviews were analysed using thematic analysis and techniques from a grounded theory approach. While the study focused on a number of contextual multicultural issues both in service delivery and in training, this article documents the experiences of clinical psychologists regarding multicultural challenges and concerns, as well as approaches and capacities used to improve service delivery in this area. These perspectives are important in the multicultural and multilingual South African context, where there is limited literature in this area as well as related aspects such as cultural competency. There are many different belief systems as well as historical and sociopolitical factors that may influence how clinicians and individuals presenting for treatment may understand their experience and symptoms. This article seeks to document some of the challenges this may present in terms of service delivery in this context. Understandings of the term cultural competence as well as suggestions (primarily as noted by participants) to address the gap between training, competencies, and the realities of service delivery are also presented. Questions and considerations for future research are also raised.
{"title":"An analysis of KwaZulu-Natal clinical psychologists’ multicultural experience","authors":"E. Johnston","doi":"10.1177/00812463221148552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221148552","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, perspectives of South African clinical psychologists (based in KwaZulu-Natal) regarding multicultural issues in clinical practice and training are presented. The discussion focuses on emergent themes from 13 qualitative semi-structured interviews. Themes from interviews were analysed using thematic analysis and techniques from a grounded theory approach. While the study focused on a number of contextual multicultural issues both in service delivery and in training, this article documents the experiences of clinical psychologists regarding multicultural challenges and concerns, as well as approaches and capacities used to improve service delivery in this area. These perspectives are important in the multicultural and multilingual South African context, where there is limited literature in this area as well as related aspects such as cultural competency. There are many different belief systems as well as historical and sociopolitical factors that may influence how clinicians and individuals presenting for treatment may understand their experience and symptoms. This article seeks to document some of the challenges this may present in terms of service delivery in this context. Understandings of the term cultural competence as well as suggestions (primarily as noted by participants) to address the gap between training, competencies, and the realities of service delivery are also presented. Questions and considerations for future research are also raised.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":"53 1","pages":"416 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41886858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.1177/00812463221148323
Robyn Williams, H. Simonds, R. Roomaney
The high prevalence and burden of cervical cancer in low- and middle-income countries have spurred much research into preventing and screening for the disease. However, little research has focussed on the experience of living with the disease and undergoing treatment in South Africa. Our aim was to explore knowledge, misinformation, stigma, and disclosure hesitancy among women receiving curative treatment for cervical cancer at a tertiary hospital in South Africa. We conducted semistructured interviews with 15 women who completed curative treatment for cervical cancer at an academic hospital in South Africa. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis. In this article, we describe participants’ knowledge and understanding of cervical cancer, their experience of misinformation and stigma and hesitancy to disclose their illness to others. Participants reported little knowledge about cervical cancer. They reported many sources of misinformation, such as family members and even medical professionals, which at times contributed to delays in seeking diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, participants reported feeling stigma associated with their diagnosis. We highlight the central role that communication can play in increasing knowledge, reducing stigma and misinformation, and facilitating disclosure among women with cervical cancer. We include recommendations for health care practitioners and researchers.
{"title":"Knowledge, misinformation, stigma, and disclosure hesitancy among women receiving curative treatment for cervical cancer at a tertiary hospital in South Africa","authors":"Robyn Williams, H. Simonds, R. Roomaney","doi":"10.1177/00812463221148323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221148323","url":null,"abstract":"The high prevalence and burden of cervical cancer in low- and middle-income countries have spurred much research into preventing and screening for the disease. However, little research has focussed on the experience of living with the disease and undergoing treatment in South Africa. Our aim was to explore knowledge, misinformation, stigma, and disclosure hesitancy among women receiving curative treatment for cervical cancer at a tertiary hospital in South Africa. We conducted semistructured interviews with 15 women who completed curative treatment for cervical cancer at an academic hospital in South Africa. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis. In this article, we describe participants’ knowledge and understanding of cervical cancer, their experience of misinformation and stigma and hesitancy to disclose their illness to others. Participants reported little knowledge about cervical cancer. They reported many sources of misinformation, such as family members and even medical professionals, which at times contributed to delays in seeking diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, participants reported feeling stigma associated with their diagnosis. We highlight the central role that communication can play in increasing knowledge, reducing stigma and misinformation, and facilitating disclosure among women with cervical cancer. We include recommendations for health care practitioners and researchers.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":"53 1","pages":"315 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49651272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.1177/00812463221141528
Siphelele Nguse
The World Health Organization established a 2005 commission that sought to investigate the Social Determinants of Health and develop mitigating strategies and policies. This marked a shift from the individualized understanding of health and focused on systemic and socioeconomic factors that determine access to health care services and the quality of the available services. This is primarily important in low- and middle-income countries like South Africa, where poverty, unemployment, inequality, and other historical factors play a significant role in health care. Furthermore, the lingering impact of the apartheid system continues to define the social engineering of South African society, and the availability of resources between the rich and the poor, and between different racial groups, with the Black majority receiving subpar services compared to the White minority. The post-1994 dispensation, which is characterized by corruption, mismanagement of funds, continued health service deficits, and other factors exacerbate the inadequate services that poor Black people receive. Therefore, this article proposes the application of the intersectional theoretical framework in understanding and addressing public health challenges. According to Crenshaw, the theoretical framework may be defined as the prism through which to understand the constellation of factors that affect one's identity in relation to systems of oppression, discrimination, and marginalization.
{"title":"Intersectionality in South African health care – what is to be done?","authors":"Siphelele Nguse","doi":"10.1177/00812463221141528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221141528","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization established a 2005 commission that sought to investigate the Social Determinants of Health and develop mitigating strategies and policies. This marked a shift from the individualized understanding of health and focused on systemic and socioeconomic factors that determine access to health care services and the quality of the available services. This is primarily important in low- and middle-income countries like South Africa, where poverty, unemployment, inequality, and other historical factors play a significant role in health care. Furthermore, the lingering impact of the apartheid system continues to define the social engineering of South African society, and the availability of resources between the rich and the poor, and between different racial groups, with the Black majority receiving subpar services compared to the White minority. The post-1994 dispensation, which is characterized by corruption, mismanagement of funds, continued health service deficits, and other factors exacerbate the inadequate services that poor Black people receive. Therefore, this article proposes the application of the intersectional theoretical framework in understanding and addressing public health challenges. According to Crenshaw, the theoretical framework may be defined as the prism through which to understand the constellation of factors that affect one's identity in relation to systems of oppression, discrimination, and marginalization.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":"53 1","pages":"305 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42595446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.1177/00812463221141521
S. Gordon
Self-reported experiences of racial discrimination are quite prevalent among the adult population of colour in South Africa. This article will argue that ongoing experiences of racial intolerance encourage participation in hate crime. To validate this thesis, two models are tested: (a) the Common Ingroup Identity (CII) and (b) Social Identity Threats (SITs). The former suggests that experiences of discrimination can help create a shared ‘disadvantaged’ identity that produces intergroup tolerance. The latter contends that group discrimination undermines social norms and the stress caused can encourage aggression. The study examined participation in anti-immigrant violence as well as behavioural intention towards the same. Nationally representative survey data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey was used. Multinomial regression analysis found that experiences of perceived personal and collective discrimination influenced participation in hate crime. This finding was consistent with the SITs model rather than the CII model. Socio-economic status was found to buffer the influence of racial discrimination, showing how economic advantages helped people cope with adverse situations. Study outcomes demonstrate how the legacy of white settler colonialism has contributed to xenophobia in the post-apartheid period. Policy interventions (especially those targeting the poor) that reduce racial discrimination will decrease public participation in hate crime.
{"title":"Interweaving xenophobia and racism in South Africa: the impact of racial discrimination on anti-immigrant hate violence among people of colour","authors":"S. Gordon","doi":"10.1177/00812463221141521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221141521","url":null,"abstract":"Self-reported experiences of racial discrimination are quite prevalent among the adult population of colour in South Africa. This article will argue that ongoing experiences of racial intolerance encourage participation in hate crime. To validate this thesis, two models are tested: (a) the Common Ingroup Identity (CII) and (b) Social Identity Threats (SITs). The former suggests that experiences of discrimination can help create a shared ‘disadvantaged’ identity that produces intergroup tolerance. The latter contends that group discrimination undermines social norms and the stress caused can encourage aggression. The study examined participation in anti-immigrant violence as well as behavioural intention towards the same. Nationally representative survey data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey was used. Multinomial regression analysis found that experiences of perceived personal and collective discrimination influenced participation in hate crime. This finding was consistent with the SITs model rather than the CII model. Socio-economic status was found to buffer the influence of racial discrimination, showing how economic advantages helped people cope with adverse situations. Study outcomes demonstrate how the legacy of white settler colonialism has contributed to xenophobia in the post-apartheid period. Policy interventions (especially those targeting the poor) that reduce racial discrimination will decrease public participation in hate crime.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":"53 1","pages":"354 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45238678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-02DOI: 10.1177/00812463221140245
T. Pretorius, A. Padmanabhanunni, S. Isaacs
Identifying the factors that contribute to differential vulnerability in the face of adversity is key to psychology fulfilling its mandate as a helping profession. One such factor, fortitude, which is described as the psychological strength to manage adversity and to stay well, has consistently been linked to psychological well-being. The objective of the research was to statistically integrate studies examining the relationship between fortitude and the indices of psychological well-being by using a meta-analysis. We used a random-effects model for the meta-analysis. In addition to the overall effect size, we examined publication bias and the moderating role of age and methodological quality. We also performed a subgroup analysis to compare between studies with positive and negative indicators of psychological well-being. In addition, we used robust variance estimation to account for effect-size dependencies, as some studies have reported more than one correlation coefficient. A total of 13 studies reporting 35 correlation coefficients pertaining to the relationship between fortitude and the indices of psychological well-being were extracted. The meta-analysis revealed a significant overall effect (r = .44, p < .001). The results also indicated that age and methodological quality did not influence the effect size. Subgroup analysis indicated that the overall effect size for studies that used positive indicators (r = .49, p < .001) was higher than that for studies that used negative indicators (r = .36, p < .001). In addition, no visual or statistical evidence of publication bias was observed. The robust variance estimation results also confirmed that the effect-size dependencies did not influence the overall effect size. The study results provide strong evidence regarding the association between fortitude and psychological well-being. This finding has several implications for promoting mental health and suggests that interventions aimed at building fortitude can be leveraged to mitigate psychological distress.
{"title":"The dynamics of Appraisal II: a meta-analysis of the relationship between fortitude and the indices of psychological well-being","authors":"T. Pretorius, A. Padmanabhanunni, S. Isaacs","doi":"10.1177/00812463221140245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221140245","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying the factors that contribute to differential vulnerability in the face of adversity is key to psychology fulfilling its mandate as a helping profession. One such factor, fortitude, which is described as the psychological strength to manage adversity and to stay well, has consistently been linked to psychological well-being. The objective of the research was to statistically integrate studies examining the relationship between fortitude and the indices of psychological well-being by using a meta-analysis. We used a random-effects model for the meta-analysis. In addition to the overall effect size, we examined publication bias and the moderating role of age and methodological quality. We also performed a subgroup analysis to compare between studies with positive and negative indicators of psychological well-being. In addition, we used robust variance estimation to account for effect-size dependencies, as some studies have reported more than one correlation coefficient. A total of 13 studies reporting 35 correlation coefficients pertaining to the relationship between fortitude and the indices of psychological well-being were extracted. The meta-analysis revealed a significant overall effect (r = .44, p < .001). The results also indicated that age and methodological quality did not influence the effect size. Subgroup analysis indicated that the overall effect size for studies that used positive indicators (r = .49, p < .001) was higher than that for studies that used negative indicators (r = .36, p < .001). In addition, no visual or statistical evidence of publication bias was observed. The robust variance estimation results also confirmed that the effect-size dependencies did not influence the overall effect size. The study results provide strong evidence regarding the association between fortitude and psychological well-being. This finding has several implications for promoting mental health and suggests that interventions aimed at building fortitude can be leveraged to mitigate psychological distress.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":"53 1","pages":"286 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49174742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.1177/00812463221140224
J. I. Nwufo, O. Ike, M. Nwoke, John E. Eze, J. C. Chukwuorji, Gabriel Chineye Kanu
Evidence has shown that social anxiety significantly influences internet addiction among adolescent students. However, the boundary conditions that strengthen or weaken this association with internet addiction have not been fully understood, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This study adopted a cross-sectional survey design to investigate the direct effect of social anxiety on internet addiction among adolescent students and the moderating role of family functioning in such relationships. A sample of (N = 1800) students (age range 11–17 years; M = 15.30 years; SD = 1.99) from 10 secondary schools in Southeast Nigeria participated in this study. The participants completed the self-report measures of the Social Phobia Inventory, Family APGAR (adaptability, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve) Index, and Internet Addiction Test. Pearson correlation was used to determine the bivariate relationship among the study variables, while Hayes regression-based PROCESS macro was used for moderation analysis. Findings revealed that social anxiety was positively associated with internet addiction. Family functioning was negatively associated with internet addiction. Family functioning did not moderate the relationship between social anxiety and internet addiction. We concluded that reducing social anxiety and bolstering family functioning may be an effective strategy to lessen the vulnerability of adolescents to internet addiction.
{"title":"Social anxiety and internet addiction among adolescent students in a sub-Saharan African country: does family functioning make a difference?","authors":"J. I. Nwufo, O. Ike, M. Nwoke, John E. Eze, J. C. Chukwuorji, Gabriel Chineye Kanu","doi":"10.1177/00812463221140224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221140224","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence has shown that social anxiety significantly influences internet addiction among adolescent students. However, the boundary conditions that strengthen or weaken this association with internet addiction have not been fully understood, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This study adopted a cross-sectional survey design to investigate the direct effect of social anxiety on internet addiction among adolescent students and the moderating role of family functioning in such relationships. A sample of (N = 1800) students (age range 11–17 years; M = 15.30 years; SD = 1.99) from 10 secondary schools in Southeast Nigeria participated in this study. The participants completed the self-report measures of the Social Phobia Inventory, Family APGAR (adaptability, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve) Index, and Internet Addiction Test. Pearson correlation was used to determine the bivariate relationship among the study variables, while Hayes regression-based PROCESS macro was used for moderation analysis. Findings revealed that social anxiety was positively associated with internet addiction. Family functioning was negatively associated with internet addiction. Family functioning did not moderate the relationship between social anxiety and internet addiction. We concluded that reducing social anxiety and bolstering family functioning may be an effective strategy to lessen the vulnerability of adolescents to internet addiction.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":"53 1","pages":"275 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48372782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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