Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1017/s0021853722000688
J. Earle
{"title":"Religion and Nationalism in South Sudan - Chosen Peoples: Christianity and Political Imagination in South Sudan By Christopher Tounsel. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2021. Pp. 205. $99.95, hardcover (ISBN: 9781478010630); $25.95, paperback (ISBN: 9781478011767) – CORRIGENDUM","authors":"J. Earle","doi":"10.1017/s0021853722000688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021853722000688","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41542723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1017/s0021853722000664
R. Reid
{"title":"‘Groupwork’ and Community in the East African Past","authors":"R. Reid","doi":"10.1017/s0021853722000664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021853722000664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48051290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1017/s002185372200072x
L. Twagira
that emerges amongst small groups of people in close quarters. Then in 1905, everything accelerated. Although a decree from Dakar abolished slavery, or at least refused to recognize it, what happened locally mattered more. In 1905–6, an influential set of Muslim scholars began to suggest that colonial rule could be recognized as legitimate, while the sultan of Agadez solicited French forces as allies against the Kel Fadei and other Tuareg groups. In Zinder, a eunuch, bellama Ousman, used the influence he had gained amongst French officers to accuse the sultan and his allies of a plot to murder the foreigners. In response, the French officers deposed their former hosts and sent them south into exile. Ousman appropriated the sarki’s title, claimed ownership over many of the people he had enslaved, and made other royal slaves village chiefs. Lefebvre argues that French actions upended an intricate, polyvalent, and hierarchical social world. Such social upheaval was the most profound effect of occupation. Lefebvre’s goal is to understand this moment for what it was, rather than as either the end of African autonomy or the beginning of colonial rule. Taken on its own terms, this moment is neither a ‘before’ nor an ‘after’. Its richness and complexity emerge from the author’s methodological finesse in weighing her evidence, her skills in Arabic and Hausa, and her remarkably wide and intimate body of sources: bundles of correspondence in both their French and Arabic versions (allowing comparison); the personal papers of various French officers, including many intimate confessions between them; texts collected by a long-serving interpreter, Moïse Landeroin; oral histories collected over the decades by Nigerien and foreign scholars; an astonishing number of photographs and drawings; and — as a jewel in the archival crown — a pair of letters between two lovers, Captain Henri Gouraud and Ouma (sic) Dicko. Their story alone is worth the price of admission. One can only hope to see work this rich in English and in paperback.
{"title":"Political Authority and Rural Development","authors":"L. Twagira","doi":"10.1017/s002185372200072x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002185372200072x","url":null,"abstract":"that emerges amongst small groups of people in close quarters. Then in 1905, everything accelerated. Although a decree from Dakar abolished slavery, or at least refused to recognize it, what happened locally mattered more. In 1905–6, an influential set of Muslim scholars began to suggest that colonial rule could be recognized as legitimate, while the sultan of Agadez solicited French forces as allies against the Kel Fadei and other Tuareg groups. In Zinder, a eunuch, bellama Ousman, used the influence he had gained amongst French officers to accuse the sultan and his allies of a plot to murder the foreigners. In response, the French officers deposed their former hosts and sent them south into exile. Ousman appropriated the sarki’s title, claimed ownership over many of the people he had enslaved, and made other royal slaves village chiefs. Lefebvre argues that French actions upended an intricate, polyvalent, and hierarchical social world. Such social upheaval was the most profound effect of occupation. Lefebvre’s goal is to understand this moment for what it was, rather than as either the end of African autonomy or the beginning of colonial rule. Taken on its own terms, this moment is neither a ‘before’ nor an ‘after’. Its richness and complexity emerge from the author’s methodological finesse in weighing her evidence, her skills in Arabic and Hausa, and her remarkably wide and intimate body of sources: bundles of correspondence in both their French and Arabic versions (allowing comparison); the personal papers of various French officers, including many intimate confessions between them; texts collected by a long-serving interpreter, Moïse Landeroin; oral histories collected over the decades by Nigerien and foreign scholars; an astonishing number of photographs and drawings; and — as a jewel in the archival crown — a pair of letters between two lovers, Captain Henri Gouraud and Ouma (sic) Dicko. Their story alone is worth the price of admission. One can only hope to see work this rich in English and in paperback.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43688273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1017/s0021853722000767
{"title":"AFH volume 63 issue 3 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0021853722000767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021853722000767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43378472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1017/S0021853722000718
J. Shetler
The history and legacy of othering in Ethiopia during the nineteenth century is usefully applic-able in postcolonial Africa, where authoritarian elites have often created a category of ‘ other ’ in order to consolidate their power and privilege. We can cite numerous examples: in Sudan, where the othering process began first as the north versus the south and then between so-called ‘ Arabs ’ and non-Arabs; 7 or in Zambia, where the founding president and long retired Kenneth Kaunda was listed as a non-citizen illegal alien marked for deportation; 8 to the Ivory Coast, where the loser of the 2010 presidential contest, Laurent Gbagbo, labeled the winner, Alessane Ouattara, a non-Ivorian and refused to concede and transfer power. 9 Yates successfully demonstrates how othering has been a tool of governance well before the postcolonial era. Rather than his effort to extend the original meaning of H ᾶ b ᾶ sha linked to plundering and violence, and as such considered outmoded, into a pan-Ethiopian identity, his focus on ‘ othering ’ as a tool of governance is widely useful and important. But the book ’ s contribution lies in the utility of applying the Ethiopian theme of othering to broader African historical studies.
19世纪埃塞俄比亚“他者”的历史和遗产可以有效地应用于后殖民时期的非洲，在那里，专制精英经常创造一个“他者”的类别，以巩固他们的权力和特权。我们可以举出许多例子:在苏丹，其他进程首先开始于北方与南方，然后是所谓的“阿拉伯人”与非阿拉伯人之间;在赞比亚，建国总统、退休已久的肯尼斯·卡翁达被列为非公民非法外国人，准备被驱逐出境;在科特迪瓦，2010年总统选举的失败者洛朗·巴博(Laurent Gbagbo)将获胜者瓦塔拉(Alessane Ouattara)称为非科特迪瓦人，并拒绝让步和移交权力。耶茨成功地证明，早在后殖民时代之前，“他人”就已经成为一种治理工具。他没有将H ο b ο sha与掠夺和暴力联系在一起的原始含义扩展为泛埃塞俄比亚的身份，因此被认为是过时的，而是将“他者”作为治理工具的关注广泛有用且重要。但这本书的贡献在于将埃塞俄比亚的“他者”主题应用到更广泛的非洲历史研究中。
{"title":"Changes in the (Namibian) Land","authors":"J. Shetler","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000718","url":null,"abstract":"The history and legacy of othering in Ethiopia during the nineteenth century is usefully applic-able in postcolonial Africa, where authoritarian elites have often created a category of ‘ other ’ in order to consolidate their power and privilege. We can cite numerous examples: in Sudan, where the othering process began first as the north versus the south and then between so-called ‘ Arabs ’ and non-Arabs; 7 or in Zambia, where the founding president and long retired Kenneth Kaunda was listed as a non-citizen illegal alien marked for deportation; 8 to the Ivory Coast, where the loser of the 2010 presidential contest, Laurent Gbagbo, labeled the winner, Alessane Ouattara, a non-Ivorian and refused to concede and transfer power. 9 Yates successfully demonstrates how othering has been a tool of governance well before the postcolonial era. Rather than his effort to extend the original meaning of H ᾶ b ᾶ sha linked to plundering and violence, and as such considered outmoded, into a pan-Ethiopian identity, his focus on ‘ othering ’ as a tool of governance is widely useful and important. But the book ’ s contribution lies in the utility of applying the Ethiopian theme of othering to broader African historical studies.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44362306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1017/S0021853722000597
Danielle Del Vicario
Abstract This article explores radio broadcasting and monitoring by and about Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) leader John Garang during Sudan's second civil war, focusing on the core period of Radio SPLA broadcasting (1984–91). Through oral history, memoirs, and international monitoring reports, the article analyzes radio conversations between Garang and his critics — northern Sudanese, southern Sudanese, and international — to argue that radio battles directly shaped the struggle for political authority between Garang and the Sudanese government, and within the SPLM/A elite. Radio allowed Garang to speak to a dispersed audience within and beyond Sudan, presenting an alternative history of Sudan, publicizing his vision of a New Sudan, and asserting his pseudo-sovereign control of SPLM/A-held territory. However, Radio SPLA did not exist in a vacuum; Garang's rivals responded on government and international radio to criticize his leadership in targeted, personal terms. Radio thus powerfully mediated between personal, national, and international politics during the SPLM/A's liberation struggle.
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Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1017/S0021853722000561
J. Reuther
Abstract Between the judicial reorganizations of 1924 and 1941, the colonial tribunals in Dahomey heard more than two hundred cases of rape. Teenage or younger girls engaged in street hawking were the most common victims of rape who reported their assaults to these tribunals. Many of the cases stand out because market women played the dominant role in transforming girl hawkers’ experiences of sexual assault into formal grievances. The history of sexual assault in colonial Africa has largely focused on how ‘customary’ and colonial courts have or have not punished the crime of rape. This approach privileges masculine authorities’ views of sex, consent, and gender violence. This article focuses on the investigative processes in cases of sexual assault. In doing so, two gendered histories emerge: firstly, a history of elder female caregiving to girls suffering the aftereffects of sexual assaults and, secondly, a history of the vulnerability of hawkers to quotidian sexual violence.
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Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1017/S0021853722000676
Paul Schauert
community for a peaceful solution, noting the rebel leaders were ‘frustrating the peace process at every turn in their determination to position themselves favourably for elections’ (265). The 1995 Abuja Accord included Taylor’s participation, but the factions rearmed their groups months after and clashes continued. Nonetheless, the accord was implemented with punitive measures for failing to disarm, a timeline for disarmament, a deadline for elections, and the new military leadership of ECOMOG ensured security. Ultimately, Taylor overwhelmingly won the July 1997 elections under the eye of international observers and ECOMOG security, marking an end of the war. Yet, violence would later resume and the country experienced the Second Civil War in the new millennium. The book is informative, providing a high-level narrative of the civil war with important insight into the church’s role providing humanitarian aid and as a victim of the violence beyond previously told stories from journalists, politicians, or soldiers. Those familiar with the broad strokes of the civil war might still find Liberia’s First Civil War useful for the perspective offered by Hogan’s new primary sources. Yet at times Hogan includes material from missionaries and church records without a clear and relevant connection to the political narrative. While some of the records are connected to larger figures and events, other times they refer to more localized stories that are less clearly relevant to the big picture. By utilizing missionary sources to such a significant extent, Hogan also lets the vignettes of foreign missionaries replace Liberian voices in parts. Moreover, although the book does advertise itself as a narrative history, there is too little analysis, beyond a few pages in the last chapter. Hogan relates what happened rather than offering original arguments about the underlying reasons, motivations, and ideologies surrounding the actors and the events. Consequently, the book does not provide a new interpretation of events. While there is much information in the book, an analytic lens could have provided better framing, as well as helped to synthesize the missionaries’ experiences within the context of the broader war. Nonetheless, the book is a useful introduction to the war, especially for students and scholars who need a primer on Liberia’s recent history.
{"title":"A Multimedia History of a Musical Genre","authors":"Paul Schauert","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000676","url":null,"abstract":"community for a peaceful solution, noting the rebel leaders were ‘frustrating the peace process at every turn in their determination to position themselves favourably for elections’ (265). The 1995 Abuja Accord included Taylor’s participation, but the factions rearmed their groups months after and clashes continued. Nonetheless, the accord was implemented with punitive measures for failing to disarm, a timeline for disarmament, a deadline for elections, and the new military leadership of ECOMOG ensured security. Ultimately, Taylor overwhelmingly won the July 1997 elections under the eye of international observers and ECOMOG security, marking an end of the war. Yet, violence would later resume and the country experienced the Second Civil War in the new millennium. The book is informative, providing a high-level narrative of the civil war with important insight into the church’s role providing humanitarian aid and as a victim of the violence beyond previously told stories from journalists, politicians, or soldiers. Those familiar with the broad strokes of the civil war might still find Liberia’s First Civil War useful for the perspective offered by Hogan’s new primary sources. Yet at times Hogan includes material from missionaries and church records without a clear and relevant connection to the political narrative. While some of the records are connected to larger figures and events, other times they refer to more localized stories that are less clearly relevant to the big picture. By utilizing missionary sources to such a significant extent, Hogan also lets the vignettes of foreign missionaries replace Liberian voices in parts. Moreover, although the book does advertise itself as a narrative history, there is too little analysis, beyond a few pages in the last chapter. Hogan relates what happened rather than offering original arguments about the underlying reasons, motivations, and ideologies surrounding the actors and the events. Consequently, the book does not provide a new interpretation of events. While there is much information in the book, an analytic lens could have provided better framing, as well as helped to synthesize the missionaries’ experiences within the context of the broader war. Nonetheless, the book is a useful introduction to the war, especially for students and scholars who need a primer on Liberia’s recent history.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46187666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.1017/s0021853722000639
K. Flint
{"title":"African Histories of Health: A New Synthesis","authors":"K. Flint","doi":"10.1017/s0021853722000639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021853722000639","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43761924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1017/S0021853722000731
Ryan Shaffer
ism, Cleveland draws upon blog entries and his own experiences as a tourist to examine slave castles as tourism sites in Ghana, where Black Americans seeking reconnection with their heritage largely comprise the consumer market. The tours portray Africa as an ancestral homeland for the Black diaspora in order to contribute to Ghanaian plans for economic growth. Slave castles thus highlight contemporary efforts to mythologize place for developmental goals, albeit in a very different context. Cleveland appreciates the intense emotions stirred by these traumatic sites, but also cites Saidiya Hartman’s critique of similar Senegalese castle tours as sensationalist. Cleveland subsequently considers more recent forms of tourism, including ecotourism, cultural tourism, poverty tourism, voluntourism, and sex tourism. He discusses how these controversial markets enable Africans to exercise agency and achieve material benefits through the tourism industry, while simultaneously reproducing colonial dynamics in new ways. Cleveland concludes that tourism in Africa has propagated romanticized notions of the continent’s premodern geography and culture, which sit alongside negative stereotypes of its dangers and impoverishment. While Europeans established tourism routes as part of their colonial missions, Africans played central roles that facilitated foreign travel into the continent and continue to do so as a means of national development. Cleveland’s coverage of a broad topic, unencumbered language, and an appended study guide make this book ideal for undergraduate courses as well as a general readership. Though the book does not develop new archives or original arguments, it synthesizes scholarship to provide a helpful overview of African development and tourism. Throughout, Cleveland allows readers to develop their own conclusions about tourism in Africa by offering different perspectives regarding the potential for enrichment and the perpetuation of social inequalities. Some readers will applaud the author’s refusal to take a hard stance, but others may wish that he did so. The voice of apparent neutrality makes itself clear in the Introduction under a section titled, ‘So, Good or Bad?’, where it suggests, ‘Well, most objective observers would agree that the tourism industry in Africa has produced mixed results’ (14). Critical readers may find the gesture toward objectivity, well, objectionable. As scholars read and teach this wellwritten and informative book, asking questions that pierce through the ‘both sides’ framework will deepen how we grapple with the consequences of tourism as development. Some discussion questions are included in the study guide, but the book’s subtitle is also a good place to start: who exoticizes, who exploits, and who becomes enriched?
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