Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1017/S0021853722000731
Ryan Shaffer
ism, Cleveland draws upon blog entries and his own experiences as a tourist to examine slave castles as tourism sites in Ghana, where Black Americans seeking reconnection with their heritage largely comprise the consumer market. The tours portray Africa as an ancestral homeland for the Black diaspora in order to contribute to Ghanaian plans for economic growth. Slave castles thus highlight contemporary efforts to mythologize place for developmental goals, albeit in a very different context. Cleveland appreciates the intense emotions stirred by these traumatic sites, but also cites Saidiya Hartman’s critique of similar Senegalese castle tours as sensationalist. Cleveland subsequently considers more recent forms of tourism, including ecotourism, cultural tourism, poverty tourism, voluntourism, and sex tourism. He discusses how these controversial markets enable Africans to exercise agency and achieve material benefits through the tourism industry, while simultaneously reproducing colonial dynamics in new ways. Cleveland concludes that tourism in Africa has propagated romanticized notions of the continent’s premodern geography and culture, which sit alongside negative stereotypes of its dangers and impoverishment. While Europeans established tourism routes as part of their colonial missions, Africans played central roles that facilitated foreign travel into the continent and continue to do so as a means of national development. Cleveland’s coverage of a broad topic, unencumbered language, and an appended study guide make this book ideal for undergraduate courses as well as a general readership. Though the book does not develop new archives or original arguments, it synthesizes scholarship to provide a helpful overview of African development and tourism. Throughout, Cleveland allows readers to develop their own conclusions about tourism in Africa by offering different perspectives regarding the potential for enrichment and the perpetuation of social inequalities. Some readers will applaud the author’s refusal to take a hard stance, but others may wish that he did so. The voice of apparent neutrality makes itself clear in the Introduction under a section titled, ‘So, Good or Bad?’, where it suggests, ‘Well, most objective observers would agree that the tourism industry in Africa has produced mixed results’ (14). Critical readers may find the gesture toward objectivity, well, objectionable. As scholars read and teach this wellwritten and informative book, asking questions that pierce through the ‘both sides’ framework will deepen how we grapple with the consequences of tourism as development. Some discussion questions are included in the study guide, but the book’s subtitle is also a good place to start: who exoticizes, who exploits, and who becomes enriched?
{"title":"Civil War in Liberia Revisited","authors":"Ryan Shaffer","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000731","url":null,"abstract":"ism, Cleveland draws upon blog entries and his own experiences as a tourist to examine slave castles as tourism sites in Ghana, where Black Americans seeking reconnection with their heritage largely comprise the consumer market. The tours portray Africa as an ancestral homeland for the Black diaspora in order to contribute to Ghanaian plans for economic growth. Slave castles thus highlight contemporary efforts to mythologize place for developmental goals, albeit in a very different context. Cleveland appreciates the intense emotions stirred by these traumatic sites, but also cites Saidiya Hartman’s critique of similar Senegalese castle tours as sensationalist. Cleveland subsequently considers more recent forms of tourism, including ecotourism, cultural tourism, poverty tourism, voluntourism, and sex tourism. He discusses how these controversial markets enable Africans to exercise agency and achieve material benefits through the tourism industry, while simultaneously reproducing colonial dynamics in new ways. Cleveland concludes that tourism in Africa has propagated romanticized notions of the continent’s premodern geography and culture, which sit alongside negative stereotypes of its dangers and impoverishment. While Europeans established tourism routes as part of their colonial missions, Africans played central roles that facilitated foreign travel into the continent and continue to do so as a means of national development. Cleveland’s coverage of a broad topic, unencumbered language, and an appended study guide make this book ideal for undergraduate courses as well as a general readership. Though the book does not develop new archives or original arguments, it synthesizes scholarship to provide a helpful overview of African development and tourism. Throughout, Cleveland allows readers to develop their own conclusions about tourism in Africa by offering different perspectives regarding the potential for enrichment and the perpetuation of social inequalities. Some readers will applaud the author’s refusal to take a hard stance, but others may wish that he did so. The voice of apparent neutrality makes itself clear in the Introduction under a section titled, ‘So, Good or Bad?’, where it suggests, ‘Well, most objective observers would agree that the tourism industry in Africa has produced mixed results’ (14). Critical readers may find the gesture toward objectivity, well, objectionable. As scholars read and teach this wellwritten and informative book, asking questions that pierce through the ‘both sides’ framework will deepen how we grapple with the consequences of tourism as development. Some discussion questions are included in the study guide, but the book’s subtitle is also a good place to start: who exoticizes, who exploits, and who becomes enriched?","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"443 - 445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46765837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1017/s0021853722000585
G. Mann
{"title":"Revisiting the Colonial Encounter in the Sahel","authors":"G. Mann","doi":"10.1017/s0021853722000585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021853722000585","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"429 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47531415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1017/S002185372200069X
Agata Bloch
elements of the Roman Catholic church aligned their interests with Victorian-era colonization. While the Comboni missionaries promised to strengthen Christianity in Africa through Black African missionaries, the authors show that these ideas were nothing more than the need to spread Christian values and Catholic morality that conformed to the ideas of the white Western world. Santos and Kumar offer a thorough analysis of the multilayered interplay of the Catholic church ’ s involvement in the colonization of Sudan. While seeking converts, the Mothers of Nigrizia also moved closer to Sudanese society and in some cases created bonds of female solidarity with rescued enslaved women. One of the study ’ s most striking contributions is the attention the authors pay to Italian nuns who actively negotiated colonial space, became part of local communities
{"title":"Comboni Missionaries in Mahdist Sudan","authors":"Agata Bloch","doi":"10.1017/S002185372200069X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185372200069X","url":null,"abstract":"elements of the Roman Catholic church aligned their interests with Victorian-era colonization. While the Comboni missionaries promised to strengthen Christianity in Africa through Black African missionaries, the authors show that these ideas were nothing more than the need to spread Christian values and Catholic morality that conformed to the ideas of the white Western world. Santos and Kumar offer a thorough analysis of the multilayered interplay of the Catholic church ’ s involvement in the colonization of Sudan. While seeking converts, the Mothers of Nigrizia also moved closer to Sudanese society and in some cases created bonds of female solidarity with rescued enslaved women. One of the study ’ s most striking contributions is the attention the authors pay to Italian nuns who actively negotiated colonial space, became part of local communities","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"418 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43470157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.1017/S0021853722000573
G. Montalbano
Abstract Challenging the Eurocentric belief that abolitionism was a top-down process issued by colonial powers, this article explores the emergence of personal and group strategies for the emancipation of Black enslaved people in Libya. During the late Ottoman period, Italian antislavery activities operated in Libya and established a mission in Benghazi to host manumitted children referred to as ‘Moretti’ (‘little Moors’). The goal was to make these Moretti a group of local people close to the Catholic Church and the Italian government. The failures of the missionaries to accomplish these aims reveal the strategies and trajectories of Moretti as they negotiated their role in society, especially after Italian occupation in 1911. Historical sources reveal an informal web of solidarity using antislavery societies and creating forms of urban and social autonomy. This article details actions of solidarity among Black enslaved persons that took place in late Ottoman and Italian colonial Libya, which challenges Eurocentric antislavery narratives.
{"title":"‘Despite the Fear’: Emancipation Trajectories in Libya, 1890–1930","authors":"G. Montalbano","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000573","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Challenging the Eurocentric belief that abolitionism was a top-down process issued by colonial powers, this article explores the emergence of personal and group strategies for the emancipation of Black enslaved people in Libya. During the late Ottoman period, Italian antislavery activities operated in Libya and established a mission in Benghazi to host manumitted children referred to as ‘Moretti’ (‘little Moors’). The goal was to make these Moretti a group of local people close to the Catholic Church and the Italian government. The failures of the missionaries to accomplish these aims reveal the strategies and trajectories of Moretti as they negotiated their role in society, especially after Italian occupation in 1911. Historical sources reveal an informal web of solidarity using antislavery societies and creating forms of urban and social autonomy. This article details actions of solidarity among Black enslaved persons that took place in late Ottoman and Italian colonial Libya, which challenges Eurocentric antislavery narratives.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"400 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47736150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.1017/S0021853722000615
Guy Bud
lying scarcity of resources that gave rise to project villages is significant. As she argues, the competition for funding hinders northern citizens from demanding a new culture of region-wide development. As Wiemers concludes, villagers might call for ‘changes that might not only seek to address ongoing regional inequality but would also recognize the knowledge, expertise, and critical analysis of government that rural people have honed over decades of village work’ (148).
{"title":"Zambia and Zambians during the Second World War","authors":"Guy Bud","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000615","url":null,"abstract":"lying scarcity of resources that gave rise to project villages is significant. As she argues, the competition for funding hinders northern citizens from demanding a new culture of region-wide development. As Wiemers concludes, villagers might call for ‘changes that might not only seek to address ongoing regional inequality but would also recognize the knowledge, expertise, and critical analysis of government that rural people have honed over decades of village work’ (148).","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"432 - 433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42361586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.1017/S0021853722000627
François-Xavier Fauvelle
elements of the Roman Catholic church aligned their interests with Victorian-era colonization. While the Comboni missionaries promised to strengthen Christianity in Africa through Black African missionaries, the authors show that these ideas were nothing more than the need to spread Christian values and Catholic morality that conformed to the ideas of the white Western world. Santos and Kumar offer a thorough analysis of the multilayered interplay of the Catholic church ’ s involvement in the colonization of Sudan. While seeking converts, the Mothers of Nigrizia also moved closer to Sudanese society and in some cases created bonds of female solidarity with rescued enslaved women. One of the study ’ s most striking contributions is the attention the authors pay to Italian nuns who actively negotiated colonial space, became part of local communities
{"title":"Plagiarism, Forgery, and Political Invention in Islamic West Africa","authors":"François-Xavier Fauvelle","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000627","url":null,"abstract":"elements of the Roman Catholic church aligned their interests with Victorian-era colonization. While the Comboni missionaries promised to strengthen Christianity in Africa through Black African missionaries, the authors show that these ideas were nothing more than the need to spread Christian values and Catholic morality that conformed to the ideas of the white Western world. Santos and Kumar offer a thorough analysis of the multilayered interplay of the Catholic church ’ s involvement in the colonization of Sudan. While seeking converts, the Mothers of Nigrizia also moved closer to Sudanese society and in some cases created bonds of female solidarity with rescued enslaved women. One of the study ’ s most striking contributions is the attention the authors pay to Italian nuns who actively negotiated colonial space, became part of local communities","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"420 - 422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49124163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.1017/S0021853722000500
Andreas Greiner
Abstract This article studies infrastructure development in the colony of German East Africa from the early 1890s to 1907. By focussing on questions of continuity and change in the transition phase from the precolonial era to German colonial rule, the article demonstrates that colonial road planning coexisted and often collided with established infrastructure systems. After 1891, colonial authorities sought to transform existing caravan paths into all-weather highways. The analysis applies an actor-centred approach to explain why almost all of these efforts failed. A focus on those actors being expected to construct or maintain (residents) and to use (transport workers) colonial roads reveals the non-compliance of colonial subjects, the persistence of African spatial practices, and the resulting contestation of colonial rule in everyday life. In this way, the article illuminates how Africans responded to European interventions which restructured space and how these responses complicated and frustrated colonial road works. Hence, the article challenges classical narratives of infrastructure as a ‘tool of empire’ and instead highlights the resilience of vernacular structures and their producers under colonial rule.
{"title":"Colonial Schemes and African Realities: Vernacular Infrastructure and the Limits of Road Building in German East Africa","authors":"Andreas Greiner","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000500","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article studies infrastructure development in the colony of German East Africa from the early 1890s to 1907. By focussing on questions of continuity and change in the transition phase from the precolonial era to German colonial rule, the article demonstrates that colonial road planning coexisted and often collided with established infrastructure systems. After 1891, colonial authorities sought to transform existing caravan paths into all-weather highways. The analysis applies an actor-centred approach to explain why almost all of these efforts failed. A focus on those actors being expected to construct or maintain (residents) and to use (transport workers) colonial roads reveals the non-compliance of colonial subjects, the persistence of African spatial practices, and the resulting contestation of colonial rule in everyday life. In this way, the article illuminates how Africans responded to European interventions which restructured space and how these responses complicated and frustrated colonial road works. Hence, the article challenges classical narratives of infrastructure as a ‘tool of empire’ and instead highlights the resilience of vernacular structures and their producers under colonial rule.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"71 1","pages":"328 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41307529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-24DOI: 10.1017/S0021853722000652
Annie Hikido
read and teach this well-written and informative book, asking questions that pierce through the ‘ both sides ’ framework will deepen how we grapple with the consequences of tourism as development. Some discussion questions are included in the study guide, but the book ’ s subtitle is also a good place to start: who exoticizes, who exploits, and who becomes enriched?
{"title":"Touring Africa","authors":"Annie Hikido","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000652","url":null,"abstract":"read and teach this well-written and informative book, asking questions that pierce through the ‘ both sides ’ framework will deepen how we grapple with the consequences of tourism as development. Some discussion questions are included in the study guide, but the book ’ s subtitle is also a good place to start: who exoticizes, who exploits, and who becomes enriched?","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"442 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41596735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-14DOI: 10.1017/S0021853722000524
Elizabeth Jacob
Abstract On 24 December 1949, two thousand women marched on the prison at Grand Bassam in protest of the detention of militants of the Parti Démocratique de Côte d'Ivoire (PDCI). Considered the first mass demonstration by West African women against French colonial rule, the march on Grand Bassam was a watershed moment in the Ivoirian anticolonial movement. Though party officials have framed women's activism as a political ‘awakening’, women's militancy was in keeping with longstanding practices of public motherhood, whereby women's status as caregivers — both biological and symbolic — authorized their moral interventions in community life. Maternal authority enabled a variety of powerful political tactics, yet in an Ivoirian anticolonial context dominated by elite negotiations, it also circumscribed women's activism. This article examines the women's march on Grand Bassam as a case study for understanding the possibilities and limits of women's participation in the Ivoirian anticolonial movement.
{"title":"Militant Mothers: Gender and the Politics of Anticolonial Action in Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"Elizabeth Jacob","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000524","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract On 24 December 1949, two thousand women marched on the prison at Grand Bassam in protest of the detention of militants of the Parti Démocratique de Côte d'Ivoire (PDCI). Considered the first mass demonstration by West African women against French colonial rule, the march on Grand Bassam was a watershed moment in the Ivoirian anticolonial movement. Though party officials have framed women's activism as a political ‘awakening’, women's militancy was in keeping with longstanding practices of public motherhood, whereby women's status as caregivers — both biological and symbolic — authorized their moral interventions in community life. Maternal authority enabled a variety of powerful political tactics, yet in an Ivoirian anticolonial context dominated by elite negotiations, it also circumscribed women's activism. This article examines the women's march on Grand Bassam as a case study for understanding the possibilities and limits of women's participation in the Ivoirian anticolonial movement.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"348 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45307270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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