Tao Tao, Greg Lindsey, Raphael Stern, Michael Levin
To address the need for better non-motorized traffic data, policymakers and researchers are collaborating to develop new approaches and methods for estimating pedestrian and bicyclist traffic volumes. Crowdsourced mobile data, which has higher spatial and temporal coverage and lower collection costs than data collected through traditional approaches, may help improve pedestrian and bicyclist traffic estimation despite their limitations or biases. This systemic literature review documents how researchers have used crowdsourced mobile data to estimate pedestrian and bicyclist traffic volumes. We find that one source of commercial fitness application data (i.e., Strava) has been used much more frequently than other crowdsourced mobile data, and that most studies have used crowdsourced mobile data to estimate bicyclist volumes. Comparatively few studies have estimated pedestrian volumes. The most common approach to the use of crowdsourced counts is as independent variables in direct demand models. Variables constructed from crowdsourced mobile data not only have significant correlations with observed counts in statistical models but also have larger relative importance than other factors in machine learning models. Studies also show that including crowdsourced mobile data can significantly improve estimation performance. Future research directions include application of crowdsourced mobile data in more pedestrian traffic estimations, comparison of the performance of different crowdsourced mobile data, incorporation of multiple data sources, and expansion of the methods using crowdsourced mobile data for non-motorized traffic estimation.
{"title":"The use of crowdsourced mobile data in estimating pedestrian and bicycle traffic: A systematic review","authors":"Tao Tao, Greg Lindsey, Raphael Stern, Michael Levin","doi":"10.5198/jtlu.2024.2315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2024.2315","url":null,"abstract":"To address the need for better non-motorized traffic data, policymakers and researchers are collaborating to develop new approaches and methods for estimating pedestrian and bicyclist traffic volumes. Crowdsourced mobile data, which has higher spatial and temporal coverage and lower collection costs than data collected through traditional approaches, may help improve pedestrian and bicyclist traffic estimation despite their limitations or biases. This systemic literature review documents how researchers have used crowdsourced mobile data to estimate pedestrian and bicyclist traffic volumes. We find that one source of commercial fitness application data (i.e., Strava) has been used much more frequently than other crowdsourced mobile data, and that most studies have used crowdsourced mobile data to estimate bicyclist volumes. Comparatively few studies have estimated pedestrian volumes. The most common approach to the use of crowdsourced counts is as independent variables in direct demand models. Variables constructed from crowdsourced mobile data not only have significant correlations with observed counts in statistical models but also have larger relative importance than other factors in machine learning models. Studies also show that including crowdsourced mobile data can significantly improve estimation performance. Future research directions include application of crowdsourced mobile data in more pedestrian traffic estimations, comparison of the performance of different crowdsourced mobile data, incorporation of multiple data sources, and expansion of the methods using crowdsourced mobile data for non-motorized traffic estimation.","PeriodicalId":47271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport and Land Use","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139826253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Tao, Greg Lindsey, Raphael Stern, Michael Levin
To address the need for better non-motorized traffic data, policymakers and researchers are collaborating to develop new approaches and methods for estimating pedestrian and bicyclist traffic volumes. Crowdsourced mobile data, which has higher spatial and temporal coverage and lower collection costs than data collected through traditional approaches, may help improve pedestrian and bicyclist traffic estimation despite their limitations or biases. This systemic literature review documents how researchers have used crowdsourced mobile data to estimate pedestrian and bicyclist traffic volumes. We find that one source of commercial fitness application data (i.e., Strava) has been used much more frequently than other crowdsourced mobile data, and that most studies have used crowdsourced mobile data to estimate bicyclist volumes. Comparatively few studies have estimated pedestrian volumes. The most common approach to the use of crowdsourced counts is as independent variables in direct demand models. Variables constructed from crowdsourced mobile data not only have significant correlations with observed counts in statistical models but also have larger relative importance than other factors in machine learning models. Studies also show that including crowdsourced mobile data can significantly improve estimation performance. Future research directions include application of crowdsourced mobile data in more pedestrian traffic estimations, comparison of the performance of different crowdsourced mobile data, incorporation of multiple data sources, and expansion of the methods using crowdsourced mobile data for non-motorized traffic estimation.
{"title":"The use of crowdsourced mobile data in estimating pedestrian and bicycle traffic: A systematic review","authors":"Tao Tao, Greg Lindsey, Raphael Stern, Michael Levin","doi":"10.5198/jtlu.2024.2315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2024.2315","url":null,"abstract":"To address the need for better non-motorized traffic data, policymakers and researchers are collaborating to develop new approaches and methods for estimating pedestrian and bicyclist traffic volumes. Crowdsourced mobile data, which has higher spatial and temporal coverage and lower collection costs than data collected through traditional approaches, may help improve pedestrian and bicyclist traffic estimation despite their limitations or biases. This systemic literature review documents how researchers have used crowdsourced mobile data to estimate pedestrian and bicyclist traffic volumes. We find that one source of commercial fitness application data (i.e., Strava) has been used much more frequently than other crowdsourced mobile data, and that most studies have used crowdsourced mobile data to estimate bicyclist volumes. Comparatively few studies have estimated pedestrian volumes. The most common approach to the use of crowdsourced counts is as independent variables in direct demand models. Variables constructed from crowdsourced mobile data not only have significant correlations with observed counts in statistical models but also have larger relative importance than other factors in machine learning models. Studies also show that including crowdsourced mobile data can significantly improve estimation performance. Future research directions include application of crowdsourced mobile data in more pedestrian traffic estimations, comparison of the performance of different crowdsourced mobile data, incorporation of multiple data sources, and expansion of the methods using crowdsourced mobile data for non-motorized traffic estimation.","PeriodicalId":47271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport and Land Use","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139886419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although issues of equity and accessibility have already been addressed in transportation, especially with regard to the distribution of costs and benefits, there is no consensus on which concept and metric of fairness would be most appropriate for the evaluation of transportation infrastructure proposals. Normally, a utilitarian perspective is adopted, where issues of unequal distribution of costs and benefits are not the main focus. This paper aims to incorporate the assumptions of other justice theories, namely egalitarianism, communitarianism, and Capability Approach (CA), into the equity assessment of transportation infrastructures, and by doing so, pay closer attention to those who are less advantaged or more open to social exclusion. These theories are critically reviewed considering their contribution to the assessment of equity in terms of transportation infrastructure accessibility impacts. Based on the reviewed theories, accessibility indicators are built and used to assess the equity impacts of the Lisbon Metro expansion project. The findings support the importance of adding other justice perspectives to assessing transportation projects. The CA and Maximax support a need to establish minimum or acceptable distribution standards of accessibility. However, the results from the CA are strongly dependent on the assumptions as to the maximum acceptable travel times.
{"title":"Comparing the application of different justice theories in equity analysis of transit projects: A case study of the Lisbon Metro Circular Line","authors":"Julianno Amorim, João Abreu e Silva","doi":"10.5198/jtlu.2024.1895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2024.1895","url":null,"abstract":"Although issues of equity and accessibility have already been addressed in transportation, especially with regard to the distribution of costs and benefits, there is no consensus on which concept and metric of fairness would be most appropriate for the evaluation of transportation infrastructure proposals. Normally, a utilitarian perspective is adopted, where issues of unequal distribution of costs and benefits are not the main focus. This paper aims to incorporate the assumptions of other justice theories, namely egalitarianism, communitarianism, and Capability Approach (CA), into the equity assessment of transportation infrastructures, and by doing so, pay closer attention to those who are less advantaged or more open to social exclusion. These theories are critically reviewed considering their contribution to the assessment of equity in terms of transportation infrastructure accessibility impacts. Based on the reviewed theories, accessibility indicators are built and used to assess the equity impacts of the Lisbon Metro expansion project. The findings support the importance of adding other justice perspectives to assessing transportation projects. The CA and Maximax support a need to establish minimum or acceptable distribution standards of accessibility. However, the results from the CA are strongly dependent on the assumptions as to the maximum acceptable travel times.","PeriodicalId":47271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport and Land Use","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139601183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Wu, Sunhyung Yoo, Christopher Pettit, Jinwoo Lee
Cycling participation is context-sensitive and weather condition is reportedly a significant factor. How weather affects cyclists with different demographics, trip purposes, and in the context of cycling infrastructure, built environment and geographic factors is less well understood by existing literature. This paper applies autoregressive models to explain difference in Strava cycling volume from the same hour of the previous day as a function of change in weather conditions, and day of the week; the contextual effect of cycling infrastructure, built environment and geographic factors is accounted for using interaction terms. We use Strava crowdsourced cycling data in Sydney, Australia, as a case study; commute and leisure cyclists, male and female, young and older cyclists are modeled separately. We find weather conditions have a statistically significant effect on cycling participation; rain, rainfall in the last 2 hours and wind are general deterrents to cycling. Physically separated cycling lanes reduce the adverse effect of precipitation on leisure cyclists and male cyclists but have little effect in retaining commute cyclists and female cyclists. The adverse effect of precipitation and wind on commute cycling is amplified in areas with good access to jobs, possibly due to the availability of better alternative modes of transport. Inland locations generally attenuate effects of windy conditions, except for young adults. This paper sheds light on factors attenuating adverse weather effects on cycling participation and provides useful guidance for future cycling infrastructure.
{"title":"Can infrastructure, built environment, and geographic factor negate weather impact on Strava cyclists?","authors":"Hao Wu, Sunhyung Yoo, Christopher Pettit, Jinwoo Lee","doi":"10.5198/jtlu.2024.2318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2024.2318","url":null,"abstract":"Cycling participation is context-sensitive and weather condition is reportedly a significant factor. How weather affects cyclists with different demographics, trip purposes, and in the context of cycling infrastructure, built environment and geographic factors is less well understood by existing literature. This paper applies autoregressive models to explain difference in Strava cycling volume from the same hour of the previous day as a function of change in weather conditions, and day of the week; the contextual effect of cycling infrastructure, built environment and geographic factors is accounted for using interaction terms. We use Strava crowdsourced cycling data in Sydney, Australia, as a case study; commute and leisure cyclists, male and female, young and older cyclists are modeled separately. We find weather conditions have a statistically significant effect on cycling participation; rain, rainfall in the last 2 hours and wind are general deterrents to cycling. Physically separated cycling lanes reduce the adverse effect of precipitation on leisure cyclists and male cyclists but have little effect in retaining commute cyclists and female cyclists. The adverse effect of precipitation and wind on commute cycling is amplified in areas with good access to jobs, possibly due to the availability of better alternative modes of transport. Inland locations generally attenuate effects of windy conditions, except for young adults. This paper sheds light on factors attenuating adverse weather effects on cycling participation and provides useful guidance for future cycling infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":47271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport and Land Use","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139525887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The traditional mobility-oriented travel-time saving benefit assessment method has been repeatedly questioned for numerous intrinsic flaws, motivating the search for alternative benefit assessment approaches. Although a wealth of literature confirms the capitalization effect of access benefits induced by transport improvements to land or real estate value, the access-based land value uplift method hasn’t yet been widely recognized and employed as an official tool assisting transport decision-making. The present paper collects 136 empirical studies and aims to disentangle the obstacles hindering the promotion of the access-based assessment method by systematically reviewing methodological design, the access metrics used, and the target real estate sub-markets or land use types upon which access benefits are quantified. First, it was found that almost half of the sampled studies just investigated the general effects of transport operation on real estate prices without incorporating sufficient temporal and locational considerations, thereby failing to isolate project-specific incremental impacts. Second, while the hedonic pricing model remains the most popular model, a trend towards embracing more advanced modelling techniques such as spatial lag, spatial error, and Difference-in-Differences (DID) models to control for bias caused by spatial dependence has been observed. Third, Euclidean distance and distance buffer rings are the most widely used operational measures of access. Primal access measures covering the number of opportunities available at a destination and travel impedance are recommended. Last, over 86% of sampled empirical studies target the residential real estate market. The lack of non-residential land uses in the literature presents a significant research gap that should be addressed.
{"title":"Access-based land value appreciation for assessing project benefits","authors":"Yadi Wang, David Levinson","doi":"10.5198/jtlu.2023.2297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2023.2297","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional mobility-oriented travel-time saving benefit assessment method has been repeatedly questioned for numerous intrinsic flaws, motivating the search for alternative benefit assessment approaches. Although a wealth of literature confirms the capitalization effect of access benefits induced by transport improvements to land or real estate value, the access-based land value uplift method hasn’t yet been widely recognized and employed as an official tool assisting transport decision-making. The present paper collects 136 empirical studies and aims to disentangle the obstacles hindering the promotion of the access-based assessment method by systematically reviewing methodological design, the access metrics used, and the target real estate sub-markets or land use types upon which access benefits are quantified. First, it was found that almost half of the sampled studies just investigated the general effects of transport operation on real estate prices without incorporating sufficient temporal and locational considerations, thereby failing to isolate project-specific incremental impacts. Second, while the hedonic pricing model remains the most popular model, a trend towards embracing more advanced modelling techniques such as spatial lag, spatial error, and Difference-in-Differences (DID) models to control for bias caused by spatial dependence has been observed. Third, Euclidean distance and distance buffer rings are the most widely used operational measures of access. Primal access measures covering the number of opportunities available at a destination and travel impedance are recommended. Last, over 86% of sampled empirical studies target the residential real estate market. The lack of non-residential land uses in the literature presents a significant research gap that should be addressed.","PeriodicalId":47271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport and Land Use","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considered a total social phenomenon, mobility is at the center of intricate social dynamics in cities and serves as a reading lens to understand the whole society. With the advent of big data, the potential for using mobility as a key social analyzer was unleashed in the past decade. The purpose of this research is to systematically review the evolution of big data's role in revealing social dimensions of urban mobility and discuss how they have contributed to various research domains from early 2010s to now. Six major research topics are detected from the selected online academic corpuses by conducting keywords-driven topic modeling techniques, reflecting diverse research interests in networked mobilities, human dynamics in spaces, event modeling, spatial underpinnings, travel behaviors and mobility patterns, and sociodemographic heterogeneity. The six topics reveal a comprehensive, research-interests, evolution pattern, and present current trends on using big data to uncover social dimensions of human mobility activities. Given these observations, we contend that big data has two contributions to revealing social dimensions of urban mobility: as an efficiency advancement and as an equity lens. Furthermore, the possible limitations and potential opportunities of big data applications in the existing scholarship are discussed. The review is intended to serve as a timely retrospective of societal-focused mobility studies, as well as a starting point for various stakeholders to collectively contribute to a desirable future in terms of mobility.
{"title":"Revealing social dimensions of urban mobility with big data: A timely dialogue","authors":"Jiangyue Wu, Jiangping Zhou","doi":"10.5198/jtlu.2023.2281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2023.2281","url":null,"abstract":"Considered a total social phenomenon, mobility is at the center of intricate social dynamics in cities and serves as a reading lens to understand the whole society. With the advent of big data, the potential for using mobility as a key social analyzer was unleashed in the past decade. The purpose of this research is to systematically review the evolution of big data's role in revealing social dimensions of urban mobility and discuss how they have contributed to various research domains from early 2010s to now. Six major research topics are detected from the selected online academic corpuses by conducting keywords-driven topic modeling techniques, reflecting diverse research interests in networked mobilities, human dynamics in spaces, event modeling, spatial underpinnings, travel behaviors and mobility patterns, and sociodemographic heterogeneity. The six topics reveal a comprehensive, research-interests, evolution pattern, and present current trends on using big data to uncover social dimensions of human mobility activities. Given these observations, we contend that big data has two contributions to revealing social dimensions of urban mobility: as an efficiency advancement and as an equity lens. Furthermore, the possible limitations and potential opportunities of big data applications in the existing scholarship are discussed. The review is intended to serve as a timely retrospective of societal-focused mobility studies, as well as a starting point for various stakeholders to collectively contribute to a desirable future in terms of mobility.","PeriodicalId":47271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport and Land Use","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drawing on examples from the Nordic countries, this article aims to explore the practical application of strategic policy and planning instruments and approaches that facilitate the integration of land use and transport planning and promote sustainable policy measures through collaboration among stakeholders across various governance levels. This research applies a qualitative research design including literature research, interviews, and workshops involving practitioners from the five Nordic countries. In this paper, we present an overview of the planning structure in the Nordic countries, including institutions that govern land use and transport planning. We identify different approaches to bridge the gap between land use and transport planning, such as the Finger Plan in Denmark, MAL in Finland, Concept Studies in Norway, and Strategic Choice of Measures in Sweden. Many of the examples employ informal collaborative approaches among authorities to form a shared vision and seek consensus on a combination of policy measures and actions. The paper examines collaborative approaches in relation to regulatory planning and discusses the role of these processes in advancing integrated land use and transport planning and fostering sustainable urban development.
{"title":"Exploring practices for facilitating integrated strategic land use and transport planning in the Nordic countries","authors":"Sofia Eckersten, B. Balfors","doi":"10.5198/jtlu.2023.2350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2023.2350","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on examples from the Nordic countries, this article aims to explore the practical application of strategic policy and planning instruments and approaches that facilitate the integration of land use and transport planning and promote sustainable policy measures through collaboration among stakeholders across various governance levels. This research applies a qualitative research design including literature research, interviews, and workshops involving practitioners from the five Nordic countries. In this paper, we present an overview of the planning structure in the Nordic countries, including institutions that govern land use and transport planning. We identify different approaches to bridge the gap between land use and transport planning, such as the Finger Plan in Denmark, MAL in Finland, Concept Studies in Norway, and Strategic Choice of Measures in Sweden. Many of the examples employ informal collaborative approaches among authorities to form a shared vision and seek consensus on a combination of policy measures and actions. The paper examines collaborative approaches in relation to regulatory planning and discusses the role of these processes in advancing integrated land use and transport planning and fostering sustainable urban development.","PeriodicalId":47271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport and Land Use","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139269799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Firm birth and firm closure are two interrelated dynamics relevant to measuring economic growth, yet most studies focus on firm birth only. Public transportation infrastructure may facilitate firm birth, but it may also avert firm closure through improved accessibility that can consequently lead to increased local density hence agglomeration economies. This study analyzes firm births and firm closures using the National Establishment Time Series (NETS) panel data from Maryland from 1991 to 2009. By examining both birth and closure patterns, this study estimates the likelihood of firm retention for areas in proximity to passenger rail stations of multiple levels of maturity, while controlling for a number of potentially confounding factors. Positive and statistically significant relationships are found between proximity to the passenger rail stations and the rates of firm births in Maryland, regardless of differences in the level of maturity of stations. From 1991 to 2009, areas within close proximity to passenger rail stations in Maryland experienced a wide range of rates of growth in firm density, depending on the year of station opening. The results suggest that well after the introduction of rail stations, areas near passenger rail stations gain belated economic benefits shown by higher likelihood of firm retention around the mature rail stations opened before 1990. In comparison, areas near the less mature stations that opened after 1990 had predominantly lower likelihood of firm retention. Planners and policymakers should be proactive in directing development near rail stations by adopting a variety of measures and policies that support or are at least consistent with transit-oriented development (TOD).
{"title":"Does rail transit access affect firm dynamics? Analysis of firm births and closures in Maryland, USA","authors":"Basheer Saeed, Hiroyuki Iseki","doi":"10.5198/jtlu.2023.2343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2023.2343","url":null,"abstract":"Firm birth and firm closure are two interrelated dynamics relevant to measuring economic growth, yet most studies focus on firm birth only. Public transportation infrastructure may facilitate firm birth, but it may also avert firm closure through improved accessibility that can consequently lead to increased local density hence agglomeration economies. This study analyzes firm births and firm closures using the National Establishment Time Series (NETS) panel data from Maryland from 1991 to 2009. By examining both birth and closure patterns, this study estimates the likelihood of firm retention for areas in proximity to passenger rail stations of multiple levels of maturity, while controlling for a number of potentially confounding factors.\u0000Positive and statistically significant relationships are found between proximity to the passenger rail stations and the rates of firm births in Maryland, regardless of differences in the level of maturity of stations. From 1991 to 2009, areas within close proximity to passenger rail stations in Maryland experienced a wide range of rates of growth in firm density, depending on the year of station opening. The results suggest that well after the introduction of rail stations, areas near passenger rail stations gain belated economic benefits shown by higher likelihood of firm retention around the mature rail stations opened before 1990. In comparison, areas near the less mature stations that opened after 1990 had predominantly lower likelihood of firm retention. Planners and policymakers should be proactive in directing development near rail stations by adopting a variety of measures and policies that support or are at least consistent with transit-oriented development (TOD).","PeriodicalId":47271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport and Land Use","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135431075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we argue for an explicit decoupling of “walkability” and “walking behavior” and for the advantages of a definition of walkability based on access. This provides impetus for a new approach to constructing and using walkability indices, combining accessibility theory with a goal of comprehensiveness and communicability. Diminishing returns-to-opportunities can be used to map the infinite origin-destination gravity potential space to a finite scale thus creating an easily communicable metric, or metrics. In addition, this method can be applied to any mode and applied to multiple destination types singly or combined. Application of this theoretical approach is demonstrated through the creation of a novel comprehensive open-source transport walking potential index, WalkTHERE. A 0-100 scale is used to represent the percentage of people’s total needs potentially accessible by walking. The index is applied to eight Australian and two European cities, and the specific data considerations and parameters chosen are described. Significant disparity is shown in walking access between different destinations within cities, and in walking access between cities. Walking access to recreational opportunities is highest, followed by education and shopping, with very little employment access for most residents. Avenues for expansion and further validation are discussed.
{"title":"Incorporating diminishing returns to opportunities in access: Development of an open-source walkability index based on multi-activity accessibility","authors":"Josephine Roper, Matthew Ng, Christopher Pettit","doi":"10.5198/jtlu.2023.2308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2023.2308","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we argue for an explicit decoupling of “walkability” and “walking behavior” and for the advantages of a definition of walkability based on access. This provides impetus for a new approach to constructing and using walkability indices, combining accessibility theory with a goal of comprehensiveness and communicability. Diminishing returns-to-opportunities can be used to map the infinite origin-destination gravity potential space to a finite scale thus creating an easily communicable metric, or metrics. In addition, this method can be applied to any mode and applied to multiple destination types singly or combined. Application of this theoretical approach is demonstrated through the creation of a novel comprehensive open-source transport walking potential index, WalkTHERE. A 0-100 scale is used to represent the percentage of people’s total needs potentially accessible by walking. The index is applied to eight Australian and two European cities, and the specific data considerations and parameters chosen are described. Significant disparity is shown in walking access between different destinations within cities, and in walking access between cities. Walking access to recreational opportunities is highest, followed by education and shopping, with very little employment access for most residents. Avenues for expansion and further validation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport and Land Use","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The land-use/transport interaction (LUTI) modeling framework has become the current state of best practice for analyzing the interdependency between the land-use and transportation systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the housing market-clearing mechanisms used in operational LUTI models. Market clearing is a critical component of modeling housing markets, but a systematic review and critique of the current state of the art have not previously been undertaken. In the review paper, the theoretical foundations for modeling household location choice are reviewed, including bid-rent and random utility theories. Five LUTI models are discussed in detail: two equilibrium models, MUSSA and RELU-TRAN, and three dynamic disequilibrium models, UrbanSim, ILUTE, and SimMobility. The discussion focuses on the following key points: the assumptions embedded in the models, the aggregation level of households and locations, computational cost and operationalization of the models. One of the challenges is that there are rarely any empirical studies that compare the performance of equilibrium and dynamic models in the same study context. Future research is recommended to empirically investigate the pros and cons of the two modeling approaches and compare the model performances for their representativeness of real-world behavior, computational efficiencies, and abilities for policy analysis. More sophisticated studies about the impacts of agents’ behavior on the housing market-clearing process are also recommended.
{"title":"A review of the housing market-clearing process in integrated land-use and transport models","authors":"Yicong Liu, Eric J. Miller, Khandker Nurul Habib","doi":"10.5198/jtlu.2023.2268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2023.2268","url":null,"abstract":"The land-use/transport interaction (LUTI) modeling framework has become the current state of best practice for analyzing the interdependency between the land-use and transportation systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the housing market-clearing mechanisms used in operational LUTI models. Market clearing is a critical component of modeling housing markets, but a systematic review and critique of the current state of the art have not previously been undertaken. In the review paper, the theoretical foundations for modeling household location choice are reviewed, including bid-rent and random utility theories. Five LUTI models are discussed in detail: two equilibrium models, MUSSA and RELU-TRAN, and three dynamic disequilibrium models, UrbanSim, ILUTE, and SimMobility. The discussion focuses on the following key points: the assumptions embedded in the models, the aggregation level of households and locations, computational cost and operationalization of the models. One of the challenges is that there are rarely any empirical studies that compare the performance of equilibrium and dynamic models in the same study context. Future research is recommended to empirically investigate the pros and cons of the two modeling approaches and compare the model performances for their representativeness of real-world behavior, computational efficiencies, and abilities for policy analysis. More sophisticated studies about the impacts of agents’ behavior on the housing market-clearing process are also recommended.","PeriodicalId":47271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport and Land Use","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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