Social Work Research最新文献

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A New Journey, but an Old Passion 新的旅程，旧的激情

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Social Work Research

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/swr/svac034

R. Hawkins

引用次数: 0

Associations between Solitary Confinement and Psychosis Symptoms in the Postrelease Community Setting 单独监禁与释放后社区精神病症状之间的关系

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Social Work Research

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/swr/svac033

John R. Moore, Jacob Eikenberry, L. Fedina, J. Devylder

Some evidence suggests that the practice of solitary confinement in incarceration settings is linked to poor mental health outcomes; however, prior research has not yet examined associations between experiences of solitary confinement and psychosis symptoms. To address this gap, authors conducted a cross-sectional survey of 201 formerly incarcerated men and women in the United States to examine the relationship between solitary confinement and psychosis symptoms in the postrelease community setting. Results indicated that solitary confinement was significantly associated with higher levels of current psychosis symptoms after controlling for demographic factors and clinical characteristics. These findings highlight the need for short-term and long-term community-based mental health interventions and prevention efforts in the postrelease community setting. Social workers and practitioners in community mental health settings should be cognizant of patients’ histories with solitary confinement and consider how these experiences may present risks to current mental health symptoms (i.e., early onset psychosis). Future studies are needed on protective mechanisms that may buffer the effects of prior solitary confinement on psychosis.

一些证据表明，在监狱环境中单独监禁的做法与精神健康状况不佳有关;然而，先前的研究尚未检查单独监禁经历与精神病症状之间的联系。为了解决这一差距，作者对美国201名曾被监禁的男性和女性进行了横断面调查，以研究单独监禁与释放后社区环境中精神病症状之间的关系。结果表明，在控制人口学因素和临床特征后，单独监禁与较高水平的当前精神病症状显著相关。这些发现强调了在释放后社区环境中进行短期和长期社区精神卫生干预和预防工作的必要性。社区精神卫生机构的社会工作者和从业人员应认识到单独监禁患者的历史，并考虑这些经历如何可能对当前的精神健康症状(即早发性精神病)构成风险。未来的研究需要对可能缓冲先前单独监禁对精神病影响的保护机制进行研究。

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引用次数: 0

Emergency Savings among Persistently Poor Households: Evidence from a Field Experiment 持续贫困家庭的应急储蓄:来自实地试验的证据

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Social Work Research

Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1093/swr/svac028

S. Roll, M. Despard, M. Grinstein‐Weiss, Sam Bufe

Low-income households struggle to accumulate emergency savings, which increases economic vulnerability in the face of unexpected events like expensive car repairs. This vulnerability may be even greater among persistently low-income households, which might benefit most from building emergency savings using tax refunds. This study examined the effects of randomly assigned behavioral interventions that incorporated a choice architecture manipulation and savings-related messages aimed at encouraging refund saving and delivered through a free, online tax-filing software program. The study sample comprised 4,536 tax filers, including 1,235 with persistent low incomes. Using administrative tax data and data from a two-wave household financial survey, regression-adjusted treatment impacts were estimated using intent-to-treat analysis to examine whether filers had any of their tax refunds still in savings and how much of their refund they still had saved six months after filing their taxes. Results indicated directional but nonstatistically significant increases in these savings outcomes across three treatment groups for the full sample, yet statistically significant treatment effects among the persistently low-income subsample, effects that were moderated by the prefiling absence of emergency resources. These results suggested that tax-time savings interventions are most effective among low-income households with the greatest needs for emergency savings.

低收入家庭难以积累应急储蓄，这增加了经济在面对昂贵的汽车维修等意外事件时的脆弱性。这种脆弱性在长期低收入家庭中可能更大，这些家庭可能从利用退税建立应急储蓄中获益最多。这项研究考察了随机分配的行为干预的效果，这些干预包括选择结构操纵和储蓄相关的信息，旨在鼓励通过免费的在线报税软件程序进行退税储蓄。研究样本包括4,536名报税人，其中包括1,235名长期低收入者。使用行政税收数据和来自两波家庭财务调查的数据，使用意向-处理分析来评估回归调整后的处理影响，以检查申报人是否仍有任何退税储蓄，以及他们在报税六个月后仍有多少退税储蓄。结果表明，在整个样本中，三个治疗组的这些储蓄结果有方向性但非统计学意义上的显著增加，但在持续低收入的子样本中，治疗效果在统计学上是显著的，这种效果被预估缺乏应急资源所缓和。这些结果表明，在最需要紧急储蓄的低收入家庭中，税收时间储蓄干预措施最有效。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence and Correlates of Police Contact Anxiety among Male and Female Black Emerging Adults in St. Louis, Missouri 密苏里州圣路易斯市黑人新生成人中警察接触焦虑的患病率及相关因素

3区社会学 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Social Work Research

Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1093/swr/svac032

Robert O Motley, Yu-Chih Chen, Yasir Masood, Alyssa Finner, Sean Joe

Abstract Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent disorders for Black emerging adults ages 18 to 29 in America. Moreover, some Black emerging adults with a history of exposure to police use of force may experience police contact anxiety (PCA) symptoms during (e.g., unable to relax) or in anticipation of future police contacts (e.g., urge to avoid police), which may develop into an anxiety disorder. To explore this phenomenon, the current study assessed the prevalence and correlates of PCA symptoms for Black emerging adults. Data were collected from a sample of Black emerging adults (N = 300). Univariate, bivariate, and ordinary least square regression analyses were done to estimate prevalence rates and correlates of PCA symptoms. PCA symptoms were moderately high for the sample, and participants who worked full-time were significantly less likely to have higher PCA symptoms because of seeing a video of police use of force in the media than those who were unemployed. Findings from the current study provide direction for future analyses focusing prospectively on prevalence, severity, and correlates of PCA symptoms. In addition, results suggest the importance of social work clinicians/practitioners assessing for PCA symptoms among their patients with a history of exposure to police use of force.

焦虑症是美国18至29岁黑人新生成人中最普遍的疾病之一。此外，一些有警察使用武力暴露史的黑人新成年可能在(例如，无法放松)或预期未来与警察接触(例如，急于避开警察)期间出现警察接触焦虑(PCA)症状，这可能发展为焦虑症。为了探索这一现象，目前的研究评估了黑人新生成人PCA症状的患病率和相关因素。数据收集自黑人新生成人样本(N = 300)。采用单因素、双因素和普通最小二乘回归分析来估计PCA症状的患病率和相关性。样本的PCA症状中等偏高，而全职工作的参与者因在媒体上看到警察使用武力的视频而出现PCA症状的可能性明显低于失业的参与者。本研究的发现为未来的前瞻性分析提供了方向，重点关注PCA症状的患病率、严重程度和相关性。此外，结果表明社会工作临床医生/从业人员评估有警察使用武力史的患者的PCA症状的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Traumatic Brain Injury and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study of Incarcerated Adults 创伤性脑损伤与健康相关的生活质量:监禁成年人的横断面研究

3区社会学 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Social Work Research

Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1093/swr/svac031

Christopher A Veeh, Tanya Renn, John Moore

Journal Article Traumatic Brain Injury and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study of Incarcerated Adults Get access Christopher A Veeh, Christopher A Veeh PhD, is assistant professor, School of Social Work, University of Iowa, 351 North Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA Email:christopher-veeh@uiowa.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tanya Renn, Tanya Renn PhD, is assistant professor, College of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John Moore John Moore MSW, is a doctoral student, Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Work Research, Volume 47, Issue 1, March 2023, Pages 75–80, https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/svac031 Published: 05 January 2023 Article history Received: 05 January 2022 Revision received: 01 March 2022 Editorial decision: 27 April 2022 Accepted: 19 August 2022 Published: 05 January 2023

期刊文章创伤性脑损伤和健康相关的生活质量:监禁成年人的横断面研究获取Christopher A Veeh, Christopher A Veeh博士，助理教授，爱荷华大学社会工作学院，351北大厅，爱荷华市，IA 52242，美国电子邮件:christopher-veeh@uiowa.edu牛津学术谷歌学者Tanya Renn, Tanya Renn博士，是美国佛罗里达州塔拉哈西佛罗里达州立大学社会工作学院的助理教授，查找本文作者的其他作品:牛津学术谷歌学者John Moore MSW，是美国德克萨斯州奥斯汀市德克萨斯大学史蒂夫希克斯社会工作学院的博士生，查找本文作者的其他作品:牛津学术谷歌学者社会工作研究，卷47，第1期，2023年3月，页75-80,https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/svac031发布:2023年1月05日文章历史接收:2022年1月05日修订收到:2022年3月01日编辑决定:2022年4月27日接受:2022年8月19日发布:2023年1月05日

引用次数: 0

Striving toward Community-Engaged and Participatory Methods: Considerations for Researchers in Academic Settings 努力实现社区参与和参与式方法:学术环境下研究人员的考虑

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Social Work Research

Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.1093/swr/svac029

S. Narendorf, Samira Ali, C. Lea, Suzanne Pritzker

Community-engaged and participatory methods are increasingly used by academic researchers. Power dynamics in academia shape the landscape in which researchers implement these methods, yet are rarely understood and intentionally addressed. Through the lens of social work researchers at different career stages, this article describes how power relations within academia present challenges to community-engaged and participatory research across four stages of the research process (participant/researcher relationship, study formulation, conducting research, and publication/dissemination). These challenges are located within four domains of power identified by intersectionality scholars: Institutional policies such as those for tenure and promotion and for research administration presented challenges with the structural domain. Decisions about how to implement and enforce policies and operationalize what counts for tenure and promotion were identified as challenges within the disciplinary domain. Norms about who belongs on a university campus and what types of research are valued exemplified the cultural domain, while dynamics about who is viewed as an expert exemplified challenges the interpersonal domain. Across the research process, the article identifies potential solutions and suggests strategies for intentional consideration by academic researchers and their institutions to conduct meaningful, inclusive, and socially just research that shares power with community.

学术研究人员越来越多地使用社区参与和参与式方法。学术界的权力动力学塑造了研究人员实施这些方法的环境，但很少被理解和有意地解决。通过不同职业阶段的社会工作研究人员的视角，本文描述了学术界的权力关系如何在研究过程的四个阶段(参与者/研究者关系、研究制定、进行研究和发表/传播)对社区参与和参与式研究提出挑战。这些挑战位于由交叉性学者确定的四个权力领域:制度政策，如任期和晋升以及研究管理，在结构领域提出了挑战。关于如何实施和执行政策以及如何对任期和晋升进行操作的决定被认为是学科领域内的挑战。关于谁属于大学校园以及重视什么类型的研究的规范是文化领域的例证，而关于谁被视为专家的动态则是人际领域的挑战。在整个研究过程中，本文确定了潜在的解决方案，并提出了学术研究人员及其机构有意考虑的策略，以开展有意义、包容和社会公正的研究，与社区分享权力。

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引用次数: 1

Retirement Is Not an Option for the Undocumented: Undocumented Latinx Older Adults’ Perceptions of Financial (In)security in the United States 退休不是无证移民的选择:无证拉丁裔老年人对美国经济安全的看法

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Social Work Research

Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/swr/svac030

Cecilia Ayón, Mirella Deniz-Zaragoza, G. Marshall, J. Hernández

This study examines undocumented Latinx older adults’ perceptions and experiences regarding their economic security in the United States. In-depth semistructured interviews were used to facilitate dialogue with older undocumented adults about their economic security in the United States (N = 25). Participants were on average 61 years old (SD = 4.52), Latinx, and had resided in the United States an average of 23 years (SD = 7.05). More than 70% of the participants were employed; the remaining participants were not working due to poor health (n = 5), advanced age (n = 1), or being in between jobs (n = 1). Authors present a model to illustrate participants’ narratives on their economic (in)security in the United States. Some participants discussed having long-term security in their jobs while others described a cycle of job insecurity due to their status. Their precarious status limited their employment opportunities and earning potential. Their savings capacity is narrow; many did not have savings for emergencies, and less so for a time when they are no longer able to work. Many participants believe they will work until they are physically unable to continue working; others believe their children will be a source of support. Practitioners can engage undocumented immigrants in economic empowerment interventions and advocacy efforts to eliminate exploitation in the workplace. Policy change is needed to provide undocumented older adults the opportunity to achieve financial security.

本研究考察了无证拉丁裔老年人对他们在美国的经济安全的看法和经历。深度半结构化访谈用于促进与老年无证成年人就其在美国的经济安全进行对话(N = 25)。参与者平均年龄61岁(SD = 4.52)，拉丁裔，平均在美国居住23年(SD = 7.05)。超过70%的参与者有工作;其余的参与者由于健康状况不佳(n = 5)、年龄较大(n = 1)或处于工作间隙(n = 1)而没有工作。作者提出了一个模型来说明参与者对他们在美国的经济(in)安全的叙述。一些参与者讨论了他们在工作中的长期安全感，而另一些人则描述了由于他们的地位而导致的工作不安全感的循环。她们不稳定的身份限制了她们的就业机会和收入潜力。他们的储蓄能力有限;许多人没有应急储蓄，而当他们不再能够工作时，储蓄就更少了。许多参与者认为他们会一直工作到身体无法继续工作为止;另一些人则认为他们的孩子将成为支持他们的来源。从业人员可以让无证移民参与经济赋权干预和宣传工作，以消除工作场所的剥削。需要改变政策，为无证老年人提供实现经济安全的机会。

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引用次数: 0

Relationship between Housing Characteristics and Care Outcomes among Women Living with HIV: Latent Class Analysis. HIV妇女居住特征与护理结果的关系:潜在分类分析

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Social Work Research

Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/swr/svac015

Sofia B Fernandez, Diana M Sheehan, Rahel Dawit, Petra Brock-Getz, Robert A Ladner, Mary Jo Trepka

Housing plays a critical role in the care outcomes of individuals living with a HIV, yet few studies have examined the unique housing profiles of women living with HIV (WLH), especially among those belonging to low-income racial/ethnic minority groups. In this study, authors conducted a latent class analysis to generate latent profiles of women (N = 1,501) according to their housing status and household characteristics and assessed associations between classes and sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and between classes and three HIV care outcomes: retention in care, viral suppression, and sustained viral suppression. A three-class model was selected using five dichotomized housing indicators: housing status, head of household status, living with minors, living with another adult, and disclosure of HIV status to adults with whom they live. While class 1 and class 2 had comparable HIV care outcomes, women in class 3-who were predominately unstably housed, living alone, and did not disclose their HIV status with those with whom they lived-had significantly lower crude odds of successful care outcomes. When accounting for sociodemographic and behavioral factors, significant differences in retention in care persisted. Findings underscore the need for tailored interventions for subgroups of low-income WLH and provide contextual details around the role of housing experiences.

住房在艾滋病毒感染者的护理结果中起着至关重要的作用，但很少有研究调查艾滋病毒感染者(WLH)的独特住房概况，特别是那些属于低收入种族/少数民族群体的妇女。在这项研究中，作者根据女性的住房状况和家庭特征进行了潜在阶层分析，生成了女性(N = 1,501)的潜在概况，并评估了阶层与社会人口统计学和行为特征之间的关系，以及阶层与三种HIV护理结果之间的关系:护理保留、病毒抑制和持续病毒抑制。采用住房状况、户主状况、与未成年人同住、与其他成年人同住以及向与自己同住的成年人披露艾滋病毒状况等5个二分住房指标，选择了一个三级模型。虽然第1类和第2类的艾滋病护理结果相当，但第3类的妇女——主要是住得不稳定，独自生活，没有向与她们住在一起的人透露她们的艾滋病状况——获得成功护理结果的粗略几率明显较低。当考虑到社会人口统计学和行为因素时，在护理中保留的显著差异仍然存在。研究结果强调，需要针对低收入WLH亚群体进行量身定制的干预措施，并提供有关住房体验作用的背景细节。

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引用次数: 0

Licensing, Testing Disparities, and the Social Work Profession 执照、考试差异和社会工作专业

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Social Work Research

Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1093/swr/svac026

C. Bright

引用次数: 0

Social Workers’ Attitudes toward Evidence-Based Practice: The Mediating Role of Work-Related Self-Efficacy 社会工作者对循证实践的态度:工作自我效能感的中介作用

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Social Work Research

Pub Date : 2022-07-23 DOI: 10.1093/swr/svac018

M. Kagan

The aim of the current study was to explore the mediating role of work-related self-efficacy in the association between organizational context variables (workplace social support, accessibility of work-related data and information resources, and role ambiguity) and social workerss’ attitudes toward adoption of evidence-based practice (EBP). For the purpose of the study, 559 social workers were sampled by means of structured questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the proposed model. Accessibility of data and information resources and workplace social support were positively associated with self-efficacy, and role ambiguity was negatively associated with self-efficacy, which was in turn positively related to social workerss’ attitudes toward EBP. The findings of the current study may assist policymakers and professional supervisors in developing interventions designed to promote more positive attitudes toward EBP among social workers. In the effort to promote the integration of EBP in social services settings, the impact of organizational factors on social workerss’ work-related self-efficacy should be taken into account.

本研究旨在探讨工作相关自我效能感在组织情境变量(工作场所社会支持、工作相关数据和信息资源的可及性、角色模糊性)与社工采用循证实践态度之间的中介作用。本研究以559名社工为样本，采用结构化问卷调查的方法。采用结构方程模型对所提出的模型进行了验证。数据信息资源可及性和工作场所社会支持与自我效能感呈显著正相关，角色模糊与自我效能感呈显著负相关，而自我效能感又与社会工作者的EBP态度呈显著正相关。本研究结果可协助政策制定者和专业主管制定干预措施，以促进社会工作者对EBP的积极态度。在促进EBP融入社会服务环境的过程中，应考虑组织因素对社工工作自我效能感的影响。

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