Pub Date : 2021-09-20DOI: 10.1177/07417136211045695
Maja Stojanovic´
The 2020 publication of The Adult Learner: The Definitive Classic in Adult Education and Human Resource Development by Knowles, Holton, Swanson, and Robinson is the ninth edition of a 1973 book by Malcolm S. Knowles, The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species. Although the foundational idea and concepts have remained, expectedly, much has changed since the first edition of the book. This review will address the changes made to the volume between the publication of its eighth (2015) and ninth (2020) edition. Most notably, the ninth edition features a fourth author, Petra A. Robinson, in addition to Knowles, Holton, and Swanson. Given Robinson’s research agenda, which focuses on issues of diversity, equity, inclusion, and social justice, it makes sense that a chapter on diversity and inclusion in adult learning (Chapter 11) was added. Another chapter added to the 2020 edition focuses on andragogy and the online adult learner (Chapter 13), discussing a highly relevant topic in a period in which online learning has become a norm, especially if learners are self-directed. Unsurprisingly, minor edits in chapter order and within chapters were also made (e.g., Chapter 17, “The Future of Andragogy,” was updated to include a section on andragogy and qualitative research) and some sections and chapters (e.g., Whole-Part-Whole LearningModel) were removed. As in the previous edition, the content is organized into five parts, each comprised of several chapters. The first two parts, “Adult Learning” and “The Backdrop of Learning and Teaching Theories,” which examine foundational concepts and theories, have remained the same between the two editions. The primary audience of these two parts has also remained the same as these sections are particularly useful for graduate students and novice researchers in the field. The two new, practice-oriented chapters are included in the third part, which focuses on the advancements in adult learning, placing andragogy within the context of contemporary practice. Chapters in this part examine andragogy in relation to diversity and inclusion, neuroscience, and technology. Part four now includes narratives regarding international and future perspectives, while the concluding part is dedicated to tools and resources for implementing andragogy. By reorganizing sections Book Reviews
{"title":"Book Review: The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resource development by M. S. Knowles, E. F. Holton III, R. A. Swanson, & P. A. Robinson","authors":"Maja Stojanovic´","doi":"10.1177/07417136211045695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07417136211045695","url":null,"abstract":"The 2020 publication of The Adult Learner: The Definitive Classic in Adult Education and Human Resource Development by Knowles, Holton, Swanson, and Robinson is the ninth edition of a 1973 book by Malcolm S. Knowles, The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species. Although the foundational idea and concepts have remained, expectedly, much has changed since the first edition of the book. This review will address the changes made to the volume between the publication of its eighth (2015) and ninth (2020) edition. Most notably, the ninth edition features a fourth author, Petra A. Robinson, in addition to Knowles, Holton, and Swanson. Given Robinson’s research agenda, which focuses on issues of diversity, equity, inclusion, and social justice, it makes sense that a chapter on diversity and inclusion in adult learning (Chapter 11) was added. Another chapter added to the 2020 edition focuses on andragogy and the online adult learner (Chapter 13), discussing a highly relevant topic in a period in which online learning has become a norm, especially if learners are self-directed. Unsurprisingly, minor edits in chapter order and within chapters were also made (e.g., Chapter 17, “The Future of Andragogy,” was updated to include a section on andragogy and qualitative research) and some sections and chapters (e.g., Whole-Part-Whole LearningModel) were removed. As in the previous edition, the content is organized into five parts, each comprised of several chapters. The first two parts, “Adult Learning” and “The Backdrop of Learning and Teaching Theories,” which examine foundational concepts and theories, have remained the same between the two editions. The primary audience of these two parts has also remained the same as these sections are particularly useful for graduate students and novice researchers in the field. The two new, practice-oriented chapters are included in the third part, which focuses on the advancements in adult learning, placing andragogy within the context of contemporary practice. Chapters in this part examine andragogy in relation to diversity and inclusion, neuroscience, and technology. Part four now includes narratives regarding international and future perspectives, while the concluding part is dedicated to tools and resources for implementing andragogy. By reorganizing sections Book Reviews","PeriodicalId":47287,"journal":{"name":"Adult Education Quarterly","volume":"72 1","pages":"216 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42812752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-17DOI: 10.1177/07417136211044515
Michelle Yin, Stephanie Cronen, L. Condelli, B. Ogut
The federal adult education program serves over 2 million eligible adults who seek basic literacy and English language skills. Using administrative student-level panel data, this study provides the very first assessment of the relationships between adult education teacher characteristics and student achievement using hierarchical linear modeling design. Results show that students in classes with teachers with a bachelor’s or higher degree have higher post-test scores. Having a part-time adult education teacher was associated with lower odds of students transitioning to postsecondary education. Compared to teachers specialized in English as a second language, having an adult secondary education teacher is correlated with an increase in test score gains as well as higher odds of transitioning to postsecondary education. We also identified student characteristics (age, disability status, attendance hours, race, and employment status) and program characteristics (size, quality, and setting) that are statistically significantly correlated with student learning and students’ transition to postsecondary education.
{"title":"Teacher Effectiveness in Adult Education: The Relationship Between Teacher Characteristics and Student Test Gains and Transitions Into Postsecondary Education","authors":"Michelle Yin, Stephanie Cronen, L. Condelli, B. Ogut","doi":"10.1177/07417136211044515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07417136211044515","url":null,"abstract":"The federal adult education program serves over 2 million eligible adults who seek basic literacy and English language skills. Using administrative student-level panel data, this study provides the very first assessment of the relationships between adult education teacher characteristics and student achievement using hierarchical linear modeling design. Results show that students in classes with teachers with a bachelor’s or higher degree have higher post-test scores. Having a part-time adult education teacher was associated with lower odds of students transitioning to postsecondary education. Compared to teachers specialized in English as a second language, having an adult secondary education teacher is correlated with an increase in test score gains as well as higher odds of transitioning to postsecondary education. We also identified student characteristics (age, disability status, attendance hours, race, and employment status) and program characteristics (size, quality, and setting) that are statistically significantly correlated with student learning and students’ transition to postsecondary education.","PeriodicalId":47287,"journal":{"name":"Adult Education Quarterly","volume":"72 1","pages":"262 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49626619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1177/07417136211044153
W. Griswold
Sustainability-minded young professionals are needed to facilitate movement toward a sustainable planet. Their development has largely been left to Higher Education Institutions charged with equipping future generations of professionals to address current and future intractable problems, with limited research on how they perform in these important roles upon entering professional careers. This study documents how sustainability-minded young professionals engage in education for sustainability, the process by which humans will learn to live sustainably. Grounded theory methods were used to analyze interview and focus group data collected from 10 sustainability-minded young professionals who participated in sustainable energy research experiences as undergraduates. Findings indicate sustainability-minded young professionals engaging in education for sustainability navigate sustainability identities, which is a fluid, contextual process; participate in lifelong sustainability learning; serve as sustainability educators; and adopt a positive stance toward our ability to achieve sustainability.
{"title":"“We Can’t Wait Anymore”: Young Professionals Engaging in Education for Sustainability","authors":"W. Griswold","doi":"10.1177/07417136211044153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07417136211044153","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability-minded young professionals are needed to facilitate movement toward a sustainable planet. Their development has largely been left to Higher Education Institutions charged with equipping future generations of professionals to address current and future intractable problems, with limited research on how they perform in these important roles upon entering professional careers. This study documents how sustainability-minded young professionals engage in education for sustainability, the process by which humans will learn to live sustainably. Grounded theory methods were used to analyze interview and focus group data collected from 10 sustainability-minded young professionals who participated in sustainable energy research experiences as undergraduates. Findings indicate sustainability-minded young professionals engaging in education for sustainability navigate sustainability identities, which is a fluid, contextual process; participate in lifelong sustainability learning; serve as sustainability educators; and adopt a positive stance toward our ability to achieve sustainability.","PeriodicalId":47287,"journal":{"name":"Adult Education Quarterly","volume":"72 1","pages":"197 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44749172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.1177/07417136211031531
Viktória Beszédes
The topic of the professionalization of adult education is receiving a great deal of attention worldwide. This is justified because the competencies among adult learning professionals have a significant impact on the effectiveness of adult learning. The professional preparedness of adult learning practitioners is therefore a basic condition for the high-quality realization of the adult learning process. Nevertheless, the training system for adult learning professionals varies greatly from country to country. Professionals in adult education are often andragogically unskilled individuals, and national education policy also plays a key role in this. A comparative approach has been used in this study to examine the historical development and content elements of university-level andragogy programs in Hungary and Serbia. The findings show that although Hungary and Serbia are neighbors, the development of adult education as a profession has followed completely different trends in the two countries.
{"title":"Training Pathways for Adult Learning Professionals in Higher Education: Case of Hungary and Serbia","authors":"Viktória Beszédes","doi":"10.1177/07417136211031531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07417136211031531","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of the professionalization of adult education is receiving a great deal of attention worldwide. This is justified because the competencies among adult learning professionals have a significant impact on the effectiveness of adult learning. The professional preparedness of adult learning practitioners is therefore a basic condition for the high-quality realization of the adult learning process. Nevertheless, the training system for adult learning professionals varies greatly from country to country. Professionals in adult education are often andragogically unskilled individuals, and national education policy also plays a key role in this. A comparative approach has been used in this study to examine the historical development and content elements of university-level andragogy programs in Hungary and Serbia. The findings show that although Hungary and Serbia are neighbors, the development of adult education as a profession has followed completely different trends in the two countries.","PeriodicalId":47287,"journal":{"name":"Adult Education Quarterly","volume":"72 1","pages":"158 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/07417136211031531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48503286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.1177/07417136211034512
William Hamilton
Although the grit narrative—the idea that individual success is as much a product of passion and perseverance as it is a result of intelligence and talent—has captured the public’s imagination, much of the empirical literature has focused almost exclusively on traditional-age college students attending more selective residential universities. The current investigation leveraged two distinct samples of students to explore the association between grit and a wide range of educational outcomes for location-bound and online adult college students. Regression results indicated that the perseverance subscale of grit tended to be a better predictor of persistence and graduation intentions, and social and academic integration, particularly for location-bound adult students, while the passion subscale was a better predictor of actual persistence. The results also suggest that the predictive utility of grit is weaker for online adult college students.
{"title":"Too Much Grit to Quit? An Examination of Grit in Two Separate Within-Institution Contexts","authors":"William Hamilton","doi":"10.1177/07417136211034512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07417136211034512","url":null,"abstract":"Although the grit narrative—the idea that individual success is as much a product of passion and perseverance as it is a result of intelligence and talent—has captured the public’s imagination, much of the empirical literature has focused almost exclusively on traditional-age college students attending more selective residential universities. The current investigation leveraged two distinct samples of students to explore the association between grit and a wide range of educational outcomes for location-bound and online adult college students. Regression results indicated that the perseverance subscale of grit tended to be a better predictor of persistence and graduation intentions, and social and academic integration, particularly for location-bound adult students, while the passion subscale was a better predictor of actual persistence. The results also suggest that the predictive utility of grit is weaker for online adult college students.","PeriodicalId":47287,"journal":{"name":"Adult Education Quarterly","volume":"72 1","pages":"179 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/07417136211034512","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43997187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1177/0741713621991496
M. Vetter
{"title":"Book Review: In the Red Corner: The Marxism of José Carlos Mariátegui by Gonzalez, M.","authors":"M. Vetter","doi":"10.1177/0741713621991496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0741713621991496","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47287,"journal":{"name":"Adult Education Quarterly","volume":"71 1","pages":"NP1 - NP3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0741713621991496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43960251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1177/07417136211027879
R. St. Clair, Bernd Käpplinger
Fifty years after the publication of “The Modern Practice of Adult Education,” andragogy has significant presence in English-language adult education and related fields. This article takes stock of the development of this mid-century intellectual project. The context of mid-century adult education in North America is described, and the rhizomatic relationship with previous instances of the idea is examined. The effects of the project on practice and theory are considered and difficulties regarding lack of theoretical development and empirical investigation are identified. The discussion argues that the continuation of the andragogical project depends on development of key aspects, including stronger connections with international manifestations of andragogy.
{"title":"Alley or Autobahn? Assessing 50 Years of the Andragogical Project","authors":"R. St. Clair, Bernd Käpplinger","doi":"10.1177/07417136211027879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07417136211027879","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty years after the publication of “The Modern Practice of Adult Education,” andragogy has significant presence in English-language adult education and related fields. This article takes stock of the development of this mid-century intellectual project. The context of mid-century adult education in North America is described, and the rhizomatic relationship with previous instances of the idea is examined. The effects of the project on practice and theory are considered and difficulties regarding lack of theoretical development and empirical investigation are identified. The discussion argues that the continuation of the andragogical project depends on development of key aspects, including stronger connections with international manifestations of andragogy.","PeriodicalId":47287,"journal":{"name":"Adult Education Quarterly","volume":"71 1","pages":"272 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/07417136211027879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49186881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1177/07417136211026635
A. Ioannidou, A. Parma
This study explores the relation between risk of job automation and participation in adult education and training (AET) and examines variation in that relation across welfare regimes distinguishing between situational and institutional barriers. Using microdata of PIAAC, we analyze participation in formal or nonformal AET for job-related reasons in relation to the risk of automation of the respondents’ occupation after controlling for main sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression models are run on respondents from 14 European countries representing different welfare regimes: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (Scandinavian countries); Italy, Greece, and Spain (Southern European); Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Poland (Central and Eastern Europe), Belgium, France, and Germany (Continental); and United Kingdom and Ireland (Anglo-Saxon countries). Our findings confirm that workers in occupations at high risk of automation were found to be consistently less likely to participate in job-related AET, quite irrespective of welfare regime.
{"title":"Risk of Job Automation and Participation in Adult Education and Training: Do Welfare Regimes Matter?","authors":"A. Ioannidou, A. Parma","doi":"10.1177/07417136211026635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07417136211026635","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the relation between risk of job automation and participation in adult education and training (AET) and examines variation in that relation across welfare regimes distinguishing between situational and institutional barriers. Using microdata of PIAAC, we analyze participation in formal or nonformal AET for job-related reasons in relation to the risk of automation of the respondents’ occupation after controlling for main sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression models are run on respondents from 14 European countries representing different welfare regimes: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (Scandinavian countries); Italy, Greece, and Spain (Southern European); Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Poland (Central and Eastern Europe), Belgium, France, and Germany (Continental); and United Kingdom and Ireland (Anglo-Saxon countries). Our findings confirm that workers in occupations at high risk of automation were found to be consistently less likely to participate in job-related AET, quite irrespective of welfare regime.","PeriodicalId":47287,"journal":{"name":"Adult Education Quarterly","volume":"72 1","pages":"84 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/07417136211026635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43099214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-24DOI: 10.1177/07417136211026632
Yi-Hui Liu, Pei-Ju Chao, Juliet H. Fried, Tsu-Hsuan Hsu
As of 2018, Taiwan had a population of approximately 23.5 million people, of which 14% had reached 65 years old. To promote healthy and active aging for Taiwanese older adults, the Lifelong Learning Act was amended in 2018 in order to support older adults in terms of their personal development and leisure opportunities. The primary goal of the study was to explore the attitudes toward older adults and ageist behaviors shown by Taiwanese lifelong learning practitioners, including faculty members, lecturers, and volunteers. The results showed that Taiwanese lifelong learning practitioners, especially faculty members, had a high level of benevolent ageist attitudes toward older adults. However, associations between demographic factors on ageist behaviors were inconsistent. The findings of the study provide suggestions and research directions for the purpose of building a better age discrimination-free lifelong learning environment for current and prospective older learners.
{"title":"The Extent to Which Ageism Has Affected Lifelong Learning Settings: Perspectives From Practitioners in Taiwan","authors":"Yi-Hui Liu, Pei-Ju Chao, Juliet H. Fried, Tsu-Hsuan Hsu","doi":"10.1177/07417136211026632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07417136211026632","url":null,"abstract":"As of 2018, Taiwan had a population of approximately 23.5 million people, of which 14% had reached 65 years old. To promote healthy and active aging for Taiwanese older adults, the Lifelong Learning Act was amended in 2018 in order to support older adults in terms of their personal development and leisure opportunities. The primary goal of the study was to explore the attitudes toward older adults and ageist behaviors shown by Taiwanese lifelong learning practitioners, including faculty members, lecturers, and volunteers. The results showed that Taiwanese lifelong learning practitioners, especially faculty members, had a high level of benevolent ageist attitudes toward older adults. However, associations between demographic factors on ageist behaviors were inconsistent. The findings of the study provide suggestions and research directions for the purpose of building a better age discrimination-free lifelong learning environment for current and prospective older learners.","PeriodicalId":47287,"journal":{"name":"Adult Education Quarterly","volume":"72 1","pages":"119 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/07417136211026632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41866940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.1177/07417136211023176
Sofia Saridaki, Ioanna Papavassiliou-Alexiou
This qualitative research explores the impact of university lifelong learning programs on the participants’ perceived employability by examining six training programs implemented by the Lifelong Learning Center of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The grounded theory approach was used throughout the research. After a set of data were gathered through face-to-face interviews with the programs’ directors, 21 semistructured interviews were conducted with people who attended the programs. Through a process of data coding and analysis, a theoretical model was developed. The findings indicated that the programs examined enhanced the three dimensions of the participants’ perceived employability (career identity, personal adaptability, and human and social capital). Moreover, the interviewees emphasized that universities should strengthen their links with the labor market and the local society, to meet the needs of a larger number of citizens.
{"title":"University Lifelong Learning Programs and Perceived Employability: The Case of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","authors":"Sofia Saridaki, Ioanna Papavassiliou-Alexiou","doi":"10.1177/07417136211023176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07417136211023176","url":null,"abstract":"This qualitative research explores the impact of university lifelong learning programs on the participants’ perceived employability by examining six training programs implemented by the Lifelong Learning Center of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The grounded theory approach was used throughout the research. After a set of data were gathered through face-to-face interviews with the programs’ directors, 21 semistructured interviews were conducted with people who attended the programs. Through a process of data coding and analysis, a theoretical model was developed. The findings indicated that the programs examined enhanced the three dimensions of the participants’ perceived employability (career identity, personal adaptability, and human and social capital). Moreover, the interviewees emphasized that universities should strengthen their links with the labor market and the local society, to meet the needs of a larger number of citizens.","PeriodicalId":47287,"journal":{"name":"Adult Education Quarterly","volume":"72 1","pages":"65 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/07417136211023176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42789680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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