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Contribution of numerical simulation to the study of pedestrian mobility in the context of COVID-19: case of a university campus in Algeria 数值模拟对COVID-19背景下行人流动性研究的贡献:以阿尔及利亚一所大学校园为例
IF 2.3 3区 艺术学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1080/00038628.2022.2160694
M. Blibli, A. Bouchair
Corona Virus (COVID-19) is forcing us to re-examine our current travel patterns in order to adapt to social distancing. For this purpose, simulation of pedestrian mobility remains relevant and can facilitate the design of buildings and urban spaces in this newly emerging context. Under COVID-19, a university campus in Algeria has been selected to demonstrate digital simulation for the study of pedestrian mobility. Infraworks software founded on multi-agent simulation is used. Based on the establishment and comparison of various scenarios, we are able to confirm the effects of the anti-pandemic measures on pedestrian behavior in the studied area, such as social distance and the decline in student population, and the implementation of new traffic plans to enhance working conditions on the university campus. The results show that this tool enables the readjustment of space and people’s behavior so that the university activities carry on with a minimum health risk.
冠状病毒(COVID-19)迫使我们重新审视目前的旅行模式,以适应社交距离。为此,模拟行人的流动性仍然是相关的,可以促进建筑和城市空间的设计在这个新兴的背景下。在2019冠状病毒病背景下,阿尔及利亚的一所大学校园被选中进行数字模拟,以研究行人的移动性。采用了基于多智能体仿真的infrworks软件。通过各种场景的建立和比较,我们能够确认抗疫措施对研究区域行人行为的影响,例如社会距离和学生人数的减少,以及实施新的交通计划以改善大学校园的工作条件。结果表明,该工具能够对空间和人的行为进行重新调整,从而使大学活动以最小的健康风险进行。
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引用次数: 1
Performance evaluation of an architecturally-designed vertical high capacity linear slot diffuser in a tropical atrium 热带中庭建筑设计垂直大容量线性槽扩散器的性能评价
IF 2.3 3区 艺术学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00038628.2022.2140988
Y. Yau, U. A. Rajput
This paper proposed a new approach for the efficient air conditioning of large tropical buildings. The current study has two objectives: the design and numerical investigations of the performance of vertically oriented high capacity linear slot diffusers (HCLSD) in an atrium building and the verification and validation of the different turbulence models through laboratory-scale experiments. The HCLSD was investigated with varying angles of inclination of the blades (ϕ = 0o to 25o) for the in-depth performance analyses. The performance was evaluated by monitoring and comparing the velocity and temperature profiles along the vertical lines drawn at different locations in the studied domain. A relatively longer jet throw was noticed through quantitative analysis at ϕ = 0o. Note that more than 33% increment in the face velocity was recorded at this angle. The corresponding terminal velocity of 0.225 m/s was observed at 8 m distance from the diffuser face. The detailed investigations at 0o deflector angle (case-1) were carried out for velocity, temperature field, and thermal comfort indices, i.e. PMV and PPD models. For the occupied zone, the thermal comfort indices were found within the acceptable ranges (i.e. PMV = + 0.1 to +0.9 and PPD = 4% to 20%). Abbreviations: ACMV: Air conditioning and mechanical ventilation; CFD: Computational fluid dynamics; CMH: Cubic meter per hour; DV: Displacement ventilation; HCLSD: High capacity linear slot diffuser; IAQ: Indoor air quality; MV: Mixing ventilation; PMV: Predicted mean vote; PPD: Predicted percentage dissatisfied; RANS: Reynolds-Averaged Navier – Stokes; RNG: Re-Normalization Group; SST: Shear-Stress Transport: SIMPLE: Semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations; VAV: Variable air volume; VSD: Variable speed drives
本文为热带大型建筑的高效空调提供了一条新的途径。目前的研究有两个目标:一是设计和数值研究垂直定向高容量线性槽扩散器(HCLSD)在中庭建筑中的性能,二是通过实验室规模的实验验证和验证不同的湍流模型。为了深入的性能分析,HCLSD在不同的叶片倾角(φ = 100到250)下进行了研究。通过监测和比较在研究区域内不同位置绘制的垂直线上的速度和温度曲线来评估其性能。通过定量分析,在φ = 0处注意到相对较长的射流抛射。请注意,在这个角度记录了超过33%的面速度增量。在距离扩散器表面8 m处观测到相应的终端速度为0.225 m/s。在0偏转角(case-1)下,对速度、温度场和热舒适指标(PMV和PPD模型)进行了详细的研究。对于被占用区域,热舒适指数在可接受范围内(即PMV = + 0.1至+0.9,PPD = 4%至20%)。缩写:ACMV:空调和机械通风;CFD:计算流体力学;CMH:每小时立方米;DV:置换通风;HCLSD:大容量线性槽扩压器;IAQ:室内空气质量;MV:混合通风;PMV:预测平均投票;PPD:预测不满意百分比;RANS: reynolds - average Navier - Stokes;RNG:再归一化组;SST:剪切应力传递:SIMPLE:压力链接方程的半隐式方法;VAV:可变风量;VSD:变速驱动器
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引用次数: 1
Overview of 3D construction printing and future perspectives: a review of technology, companies and research progression 3D建筑打印概述和未来展望:技术、公司和研究进展综述
IF 2.3 3区 艺术学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.1080/00038628.2022.2154740
Stelladriana Volpe, V. Sangiorgio, F. Fiorito, H. Varum
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引用次数: 4
Earth-based additive manufacturing: A field-oriented methodology for evaluating material printability 基于地球的增材制造:一种面向现场的材料可印刷性评估方法
IF 2.3 3区 艺术学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.1080/00038628.2022.2154739
Stefanie Rückrich, G. Agranati, Y. Grobman
The recent convergence of earth construction with technology focuses on additive manufacturing using extrudable earth-based materials. The printability of these materials can be defined by their pumpability, extrudability, and buildability. We present a field-oriented methodology for the design of printable local mixtures suitable for various printers. Three tests were defined to characterize the flowability, pumpability and extrudability, and buildability of such materials in their fresh or ‘green’ state, and used to optimize the workability of a sample material for printability. Based on the outcomes, two indices are proposed for the classification and control of the printability of earthen mixtures: flowability and green strength. Our results demonstrate that adjusting water content for consistency and adjusting plasticity for cohesiveness are both vital for tuning printability, although the necessary modifications can negatively affect the material's strength in its hardened state; incorporating cellulose microfibres can counter this by increasing flowability, plasticity, and compressive strength.
最近,土结构与技术的融合集中在使用可挤压土基材料的增材制造上。这些材料的可印刷性可以通过它们的可泵性、可挤出性和可构建性来定义。我们提出了一种面向现场的方法,用于设计适用于各种打印机的可打印局部混合物。定义了三个测试来表征这些材料在新鲜或“绿色”状态下的流动性、可泵送性和可挤出性以及可构建性,并用于优化样品材料的可印刷性。在此基础上,提出了土混合料可印刷性的两个分类和控制指标:流动性和生坯强度。我们的研究结果表明,调整含水量以获得一致性和调整塑性以获得内聚性对调整印刷性都至关重要,尽管必要的改性会对材料在硬化状态下的强度产生负面影响;加入纤维素微纤维可以通过提高流动性、塑性和抗压强度来对抗这种情况。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of online teaching on basic design studio in the time of COVID-19: an application of the technology acceptance model 新冠肺炎时期网络教学对基础设计工作室的影响——技术验收模型的应用
IF 2.3 3区 艺术学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.1080/00038628.2022.2153791
Rawan T. Abu Alatta, Hind M. Momani, Asma’ M. Bataineh
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and to reduce its spread, education in Jordan was urgently forced in March 2020 to switch from physical education to distance one. Architecture, accordingly, transitioned suddenly from face-to-face to remote design studio education. Recently, many questions have been raised about the competency of teaching architecture remotely due to its practical nature. This study aimed at investigating the effect of applying a distance studio teaching approach in the first year of architectural education on students' skill acquisition, performance, and achievement. The study used a mixed-method approach to assess students' ‘perceived usefulness’ and ‘perceived ease of use’ of online teaching of the Basic Design course in addition to its effect on the perceivers themselves by applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The findings indicate that it can be beneficial in terms of enhancing students' performance, motivation, and interaction and enriching course goals, content, and teaching process.
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引用次数: 1
Deserted studio: evaluating remote-learning practices for the post-pandemic era 废弃工作室:评估后疫情时代的远程学习实践
IF 2.3 3区 艺术学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1080/00038628.2022.2150123
Nermine A. Fathallah, Samy Afifi, Rowaida Rashed, G. Hassan
To limit the spread of Coronavirus, educational institutions had to suddenly shift to remote learning during the Spring of 2020. This study aims to evaluate the adopted remote-learning practices among architectural students and their instructors. To this end, the authors implemented a descriptive cross-sectional approach to highlight the aligned and opposing perceptions, respectively. The work adopts the following four-step methodology: (1) Interviews; (2) identification of findings; (3) online surveys; and (4) comparative analysis. Results from 139 respondents were collected from 15 Egyptian universities and 6 non-Egyptian universities. Findings demonstrate the potential advantages of reduced commuting costs, besides going paperless. Nevertheless, a crucial need for a well-established infrastructure and increased self-motivation has been raised. Furthermore, the study sheds the light on the future potential of integrating hybrid-learning models, virtual reality, and other practices to embrace learning strategies. This research contributes to architectural education practices by providing guidelines for enhancing online-learning experiences.
为了限制冠状病毒的传播,教育机构不得不在2020年春季突然转向远程学习。本研究旨在评估建筑学生及其教师采用的远程学习实践。为此,作者实施了一种描述性的横断面方法,分别突出了一致和相反的看法。本研究采用以下四步方法:(1)访谈;(二)鉴定发现;(3)网上调查;(4)比较分析。从15所埃及大学和6所非埃及大学收集的139名受访者的结果。研究结果表明,除了实现无纸化之外,降低通勤成本还有潜在的好处。然而,已经提出了建立完善的基础设施和加强自我激励的关键需要。此外,该研究还揭示了整合混合学习模型、虚拟现实和其他实践以拥抱学习策略的未来潜力。这项研究通过提供增强在线学习体验的指南,为建筑教育实践做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Analysing the spatial syntax of Aldo van Eyck’s place-making in the Amsterdam playgrounds 浅析阿尔多·范·艾克在阿姆斯特丹游乐场中的空间句法
IF 2.3 3区 艺术学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/00038628.2022.2141188
Mohammad Sayed Ahmad, Mamiko Fujiyama, Toshikazu Ishida
Aldo van Eyck is attributed with designing more than 700 playgrounds which engendered revolutionary spatial concepts such as the ‘twin phenomena’ and ‘in-between.’ These concepts are examined in the literature through the definition of place alongside its ethnographic origins; however, a limited number of studies address place-making through quantitative measures. This research project investigates the correlation between van Eyck’s playgrounds and his place-making depending on the spatial configuration. It analyses the planning of 70 playgrounds based on space syntax techniques and clusters them into six groups. It discusses the playgrounds’ spatial properties through their corresponding genotypes and phenotypes. The results show that the playgrounds represent a spectrum of place-making concepts ranging from relativity to labyrinthian clarity with the twin phenomena and in-between as intermediate spatial concepts. The results augment quantitively the claims in the literature and identify each playground’s dominant place-making concept and its particular intricacies.
阿尔多·范·艾克设计了700多个游乐场,产生了革命性的空间概念,如“双胞胎现象”和“介于两者之间”这些概念在文献中通过对地方及其民族志起源的定义进行了研究;然而,数量有限的研究通过定量测量来解决选址问题。本研究项目根据空间配置调查了范·艾克的游乐场和他的场地制作之间的相关性。基于空间句法技术分析了70个游乐场的规划,并将其分为六组。它通过相应的基因型和表型来讨论游乐场的空间特性。结果表明,游乐场代表了一系列制造场所的概念,从相对论到迷宫般的清晰度,其中双胞胎现象和介于两者之间的现象是中间空间概念。研究结果在数量上增加了文献中的说法,并确定了每个游乐场的主要场所制作概念及其特殊的复杂性。
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引用次数: 0
Architectural design gives hope for dementia 建筑设计给痴呆症带来希望
IF 2.3 3区 艺术学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-10-27 DOI: 10.1080/00038628.2022.2136348
Jan Gombelewski
The places people living with dementia (PLWD) live in, profoundly affect their happiness, behaviour, the course of their illnesses and even the circumstances of their death. Environments that affect PLWD may start out as workplaces, public spaces or their own homes. But as dementia develops, residences often need to change to allow for increased levels of care. For the best part, greater levels of dependence mean greater institutionalization and often that means ‘residential homes’ – institutional substitutes for the real thing. The institutionalization associated with dementia means increased separation from families, communities, loves, passions, hobbies, familiar places and even their material belongings. An undignified last chapter for our parents and grandparents. People who, like the rest of us, have lived full and interesting lives. But what does this attrition of normal living circumstances do to PLWD? Andwhat can architecture do to help? This special issue of Architectural Science Review is dedicated to an exploration of evidence-based and theoretical approaches to designing for PLWD,with the understanding that architecture is not just the setting where care for PLWD will take place, but it is a critical part of the complexity that surrounds a dementia diagnosis. This comes in contrast to the stubbornly extant paradigms of architecture for institutional care settings, where the decoration shifts with fashion and the architects’ ideas, but the core design is driven by the need for the efficient functioning of staff rather than the quality of life that the staff are there to support. Even in permanent residential settings, efficienciesmade to improve the provision of care tend tomake settings institutional, less liveable and possibly worse for dementia outcomes (Charras 2021; Zeisel 2020; Burke and Veliz-Reyes 2021). Dementia is an umbrella term for organic neural deterioration disorders. The most common is Alzheimer’s Disease, which usually manifests as an inability to learn new things and remember new information; there are the Frontal Dementias, which are marked by personality and behavioural change. Other dementias present with other symptoms also. Regardless of the specificity of diagnosis, the dementias typically worsen with time, to impair higher cognitive functions such as abstract thinking, judgement and verbal fluency. As dementia progresses, it frequently causes emotional and behavioural abnormalities also (Dowden et al. 2008) The progression of symptomatology, along
痴呆症患者居住的地方,深刻地影响着他们的幸福、行为、疾病的进程,甚至他们的死亡环境。影响PLWD的环境可能从工作场所、公共场所或自己的家中开始。但随着痴呆症的发展,住宅往往需要改变,以提高护理水平。在最好的情况下,更大程度的依赖意味着更大程度的制度化,这通常意味着“住宅”——真正的机构替代品。与痴呆症相关的制度化意味着与家庭、社区、爱情、激情、爱好、熟悉的地方甚至物质财产的分离。这是我们的父母和祖父母不光彩的最后一章。他们和我们一样,过着充实而有趣的生活。但是这种正常生活环境的损耗对PLWD有什么影响呢?建筑能帮上什么忙?本期《建筑科学评论》特刊致力于探索PLWD设计的循证和理论方法,并认识到建筑不仅仅是PLWD护理的场所,而且是围绕痴呆症诊断的复杂性的关键部分。这与机构护理环境中顽固存在的建筑范例形成鲜明对比,后者的装饰随着时尚和建筑师的想法而变化,但核心设计是由工作人员的有效运作需求驱动的,而不是由工作人员所支持的生活质量驱动的。即使在永久性居住环境中,为改善护理提供而提高的效率也往往使环境变得制度化,不适合居住,并可能使痴呆症的结果更糟(Charras 2021;蔡塞尔2020;Burke and Veliz-Reyes 2021)。痴呆症是器质性神经退化性疾病的总称。最常见的是阿尔茨海默病,通常表现为无法学习新事物和记忆新信息;一种是额叶痴呆,其特征是性格和行为的改变。其他痴呆也有其他症状。无论诊断的特异性如何,痴呆症通常会随着时间的推移而恶化,从而损害抽象思维、判断和语言流畅性等高级认知功能。随着痴呆症的发展,它也经常引起情绪和行为异常(Dowden et al. 2008)
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引用次数: 0
Towards a dignity manifesto of design - for people living with dementia 为痴呆症患者设计一份尊严宣言
IF 2.3 3区 艺术学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1080/00038628.2022.2136347
R. Fleming, J. Zeisel, Kirsty A Bennett, Jan Golembiewski, Kate Swaffer, L. Henderson
ABSTRACT This editorial is intended to introduce The Dignity Manifesto of Design and request meaningful commentary on this guide for environments for people living with dementia, so that design will support values of dignity, autonomy, independence, equality of opportunity, and non-discrimination. The two-part manifesto – a short list of values followed by ten design principles - follows Recommendation 1 of the Alzheimer’s Disease International World Alzheimer’s Report 2020.
这篇社论旨在介绍《设计的尊严宣言》,并要求对这一指南进行有意义的评论,为痴呆症患者提供环境,以便设计支持尊严、自主、独立、机会平等和非歧视的价值观。这份由两部分组成的宣言遵循了《2020年阿尔茨海默病国际世界阿尔茨海默病报告》的建议1,列出了十项设计原则。
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引用次数: 0
Modernity in Javanese tradition: adapting vernacular design and local culture to Indonesian urban living 爪哇传统的现代性:将本土设计和当地文化融入印尼城市生活
IF 2.3 3区 艺术学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1080/00038628.2022.2136131
D. P. Sari, Mutmainnah Sudirman, Y. Chiou
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引用次数: 1
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