Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie最新文献

The aim of this study was the psychometric evaluation of a German short form of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D-KF).Based on the previous German translation of the questionnaire, the 12 items of the English short form were administered to a sample of non-clinical participants (N=386) in an online survey.The SCS-D-KF showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.89). The total score of the short form correlated very high with the total score of the German long form (r=0.98). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed both the six-factor model and a hierarchical model with a superordinate self-compassion factor. Construct validity was demonstrated through expected correlations with established measurement instruments.The SCS-D-KF represents a valid and reliable alternative to the long form and is suitable for a time-efficient assessment of self-compassion.

The fundamental association between unemployment and health problems has long been recognized. This raises questions about the most common illnesses among unemployed people and any resulting loss of productivity. The aim of the study is to present the 20 most common illnesses among unemployed people examined by the Medical Service (ÄD) of the Federal Employment Agency (BA) and to analyze any resulting loss of productivity for the (general) labor market and other associated factors.For this multi-year cross-sectional study study (2016-2021), the 20 most common diseases/ diagnoses from all (n=4,249,028) social medical assessments conducted by the Medical Service (ÄD) of the Federal Employment Agency were analyzed, along with the respective primary and secondary diagnoses based on ICD-10 codes and associated factors (gender, age, performance profile) from the ÄD databases. For data analyses descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used.Of the approximately 500,000 social medical assessments carried out by the MS each year, nearly all clients (2016: 90.1%; 2021: 99.5%) received a diagnosis. Depressive episodes (n=416,531; 10.2%), recurrent depressive disorders (n=415,651; 10.1%) and (other) anxiety disorders (n=169,112; 4.6%) belong to the most frequent diagnoses. Among the non-psychiatric disorders, back pain (n=243,389; 6.6%), (primary) hypertension (n=146,316; 4.0%) and (other) disc damage (n=91,861; 2.2%) occupy the top three places. Age and gender differed significantly depending on the disease. Overall, 33.9% of all assessed clients were classified as incapacitated (<3 hours/day), with mental illnesses being the most common reason for this, with schizophrenia being the most common at 63.6%).Mental disorders are particularly common among people who are unemployed. This should be taken into account in medical care and labor market integration to overcome both: unemployment and (psychiatric) illness. Keywords: Unemployment, illnesses, epidemiology, inability to work, long term unemployment.

'krisenchat' (crisis chat) is a free, 24/7 psychosocial counseling service for children, adolescents, and young adults up to the age of 25 who are experiencing acute psychosocial crises. Support is provided anonymously and accessibly via chat by trained volunteer professionals. Counseling is delivered through widely used messaging platforms (e.g., WhatsApp, SMS, and since August 2025 web-based chat) and addresses a range of issues, including psychological distress, suicidal ideation, bullying, experiences of violence, and familial conflicts. This review article synthesizes and contextualizes current empirical findings on the use and impact of krisenchat. The available data indicate high feasibility and broad acceptance of the service among the target population. There is substantial evidence for a pronounced demand for low-threshold, 24/7 messenger-based counseling options for young people in crisis situations within the German-speaking context. The service appears to be effective across diverse age groups, topics, and presenting concerns. User feedback is very positive, with over 85% of users indicating they would recommend the service to others in need. In addition, krisenchat appears to fulfill a crucial gatekeeping function by providing psychoeducational information and facilitating referrals to formal health and support systems. Notably, a significant proportion of users-many of whom report severe psychological symptoms-had not previously accessed professional mental health services. At present, krisenchat represents the only digital counseling service in the German-speaking region that is accessible to young people outside of regular service hours, including evenings and weekends. These findings underscore its essential role in bridging existing gaps in the mental health care system for youth.

The aim is to provide an overview of the current evidence on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in the social environment and the recommendations of the updated S3 guideline "Psychosocial Therapies for Severe Mental Illness" of the DGPPN in this area. The established AWMF methodology for the (further) development of S3 guidelines was applied: systematic literature search and appraisal, GRADE-EtD, and structured consensus procedures, accompanied by a comprehensive guideline committee. The systematic search highlights international evidence with a focus on family interventions (recommendation grade A). The effectiveness of caregiver and parent interventions, as well as interventions in a broader social context, has been investigated far less frequently (recommendation grade B). In addition to effectiveness research, aspects of needs assessment and implementation are discussed. The findings point to a substantial need for further research and practical implementation.

Subjective feelings of inner emptiness represent a transdiagnostic phenomenon that plays a major role in clinical practice, but has so far been insufficiently addressed by psychometrics. The recently developed Subjective Emptiness Scale (SES) is a user-friendly measure that fills this gap. In this study, the German version of the SES was psychometrically evaluated in a rather large general population sample.Respondents from a sample representative of the German general population (N=2508) completed the SES and other instruments to measure psychological distress. The eval-uation included a confirmatory factor analysis, calculation of test statistics (e. g., item-total correlations, internal consistency) and correlation analyses of the sum score with sociodemographic and clinical variables. In addition, age- and gender-specific norm values were determined in the form of T-values.The SES demonstrated a unidimensional factor structure with good model fit (CFI=0.999; TLI=0.998) and excellent internal consistency (McDonald's ω=0.92). Corrected item-total correlation was above 0.75 in all instances. Significant positive correlations of the sum score were found with depression and anxiety symptoms, providing evidence for criterion validity. Normative T-scores were established for age groups and gender; an SES value of 11 can be considered to be markedly increased (T₇₀).The German version of the SES proves to be a reliable and potentially valid instrument for measuring subjective emptiness. For a further analysis of its clinical applicability and the definition of clinically relevant threshold values, studies in clinical samples are required.

The pilot study presented here examines young adults who, according to their own statements, have committed sexually motivated crimes but have not been legally convicted for them. The objectives of this study are (1) to understand how the participants experience the processing of sexual boundary violations they have committed, to (2) derive implications for the psychotherapeutic assistance of these processes. Special attention is paid here to the investigation of feelings of guilt and shame, cognitive dissonance, defense mechanisms and coping as well as the influences of the participants' early biographical relationship experiences and political attitudes.The study was conducted by interviewing clients of a counseling center for minors and young adults with sexually deviant and boundary violating behavior between the ages of 20 and 29. Four qualitative interviews were administered and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.The participants report disparate effects of feelings of guilt and shame, as well as cognitive dissonance, regarding their experiences and behavior during the processing of their sexual boundary violations. Feelings of guilt and shame are involved in both the increase and decrease of motivation for change in different phases of the process. Participants report dissonant cognitions regarding their self-worth, moral values, and political attitudes, which appear to be evoked particularly by strong self-stigmatization. To reduce associated feelings of cognitive dissonance, participants utilize certain defense strategies such as avoidance, rationalization or suppression and coping mechanisms such as self-reflection, acceptance, taking responsibility or doing self-care.The results suggest that the consideration of the factors assessed in this study could contribute to promoting active engagement and individual responsibility-taking in working with sexually delinquent individuals. A sensitive and professional framework for processing sexual delinquency based on these criteria could help identify and reduce potential disruptions in the therapeutic process early on, detecting stigmatizing judgments, aversive emotions and dysfunctional defenses.

The aim of this explorative study was to quantify psychosocial distress, needs and resources among German intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare professionals.An anonymous online survey was used to collect data from N=73 healthcare professionals working in German ICUs. Various stress factors and resources were recorded on an individual, interpersonal, work-related and structural level, using validated questionnaire measures (PSC-4, TAA-KH-S, irritation scale, COPSOQ), among others. In addition, needs for psychosocial support measures were determined using self-developed items and in free text format.For more than 50% of respondents, the PSC-4, the subscales of the TAA-KH-S and the irritation scale were in the marginal or critical range. Regarding the COPSOQ, there were meaningful differences to the overall population on the subscales Emotional Demands, Hiding Emotions, Work-Privacy Conflicts, Dissolution and Recognition, indicating increased stress in our sample. With regard to desired support measures, the demand for psychological support on and off the ward was evident in two thirds of respondents. Over 90% rated the establishment of a team-integrated psychologist as somewhat or very useful.Increased stress is particularly evident at an individual, work-related and structural level, while existing resources were primarily expressed at an individual and interpersonal level. There is a great desire to expand structural, psychosocial support measures among the majority of respondents.The results underline the need for action identified by professional associations regarding the expansion of support services.

Since 2020, cancer counselling centers (CCC) are able to apply for partial funding from health insurance funds in accordance with the statutory regulation 'Outpatient cancer counselling' (§ 65e SGB V). The study examines changes in the CCCs as a result of the utilization of partial health insurance funding from the perspective of employees and of the providers of CCC.As part of a qualitative study, guided expert interviews were conducted with employees and providers of CCC and analyzed using content-structuring evaluation methods. We surveyed 138 provider organizations and 189 CCC, and interview partners were chosen in a randomized selection process. The size and region of the CCC were taken into account in order to reflect different structural and personnel requirements of the CCC. Interview topics included general expectations and concerns, changes resulting from funding and an initial assessment.Data was available from 35 interviews (23 CCC, 12 providers). The majority of CCC and their providers reported improvements in terms of staffing and services, including the continuation and expansion of care services, increased staff capacity, and the expansion of branches or the establishment of new ones. The quality of care has been improved through professional development of counsellors, extended supervision and more appropriate premises. This was perceived as an improvement in CCC in the health care system. However, it was criticized that although there is a greater sense of security, uncertainty remains because funding of CCC is limited to three years without a guarantee of continued funding, even if quality standards and cost-effectiveness are high. This has had a negative impact on staff and services. In addition, funding has focused on counselling in individual settings, which, in some cases, has led to a reduction in the variety of services offered, e. g. in-group settings.The funding of the CCC by the health insurance funds is largely viewed positively by the participants. It could be argued that this measure is an important step towards achieving the goal of securing sustainable, regular funding for outpatient cancer counselling included in the National Cancer Plan. It remains unclear whether the current funding structure will promote a nationwide network of needs-based, high-quality CCC and how the continued operation of high quality and economically viable CCC can be ensured.

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of depressive symptoms on the perception of motives for wanting children, as well as the assessment of perceived costs and benefits of having children among individuals with mental health disorders. The relationship between mental illnesses and the desire to have children has been inadequately explored thus far, despite its high relevance for counseling and therapy.A quantitative online survey was conducted with 105 participants recruited through the outpatient psychotherapeutic clinic at the University of Cologne. The Value of Children (VoC) questionnaire was utilized to assess attitudes toward children. Motives for wanting children were measured using a series of self-developed items based on previous research, including the extended version of the Leipzig questionnaire on motives for wanting children (LKM-E). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the PHQ-9. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression.The results show that depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with the perception of the advantages or disadvantages of having children. No significant correlation was found with positive motives for wanting children. In contrast, there was a highly significant association between depressive symptoms and negative motives for wanting children (β=2.18, p<0,001), indicating a pessimistic view of parenthood among affected individuals.The findings suggest that the negative outlook of individuals with depression may lead to a pessimistic assessment of family planning. While the hypotheses regarding positive motives were not confirmed, identifying negative motives is important for psychotherapeutic interventions. The deviations from previous studies concerning the VoC scales may be attributed to different measurement methods and sample populations.Therapeutic professionals should actively integrate the topic of the desire to have children into their psychotherapeutic work to challenge cognitive distortions and facilitate a reflective engagement with potential desires for parenthood. Further studies with larger and more diverse samples are necessary to validate these findings and gain deeper insights into family planning among individuals with mental health issues.