Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie最新文献

The article discusses the question whether external childcare in the GDR is associated with higher levels of authoritarianism and right-wing extremism today. For this we used data from a representative survey of the new federal states (REP-NL, n=1,581) from 2022 to measure the relationship between the form of early childhood care of former GDR citizens and the expression of right-wing extremist attitudes in linear regressions. In the next step, authoritarianism was added as a mediator in order to test the assumed mediation. The results initially showed that not external care, but family care at pre-school age in the GDR was associated with stronger right-wing extremism. When authoritarianism was included as a mediator, it was shown that authoritarianism almost completely explained the association between the form of care and right-wing extremism. Family care in the GDR that was associated with higher authoritarianism scores than external care. The results suggest that many educators in the GDR may have raised children with less authoritarian attitudes than previously assumed and open up new perspectives on early childhood care today.

In the final years of its existence, the GDR had a "telephone of trust" service in various cities. It was intended to assist people in psychosocial problems and crisis situations, to support them and help them cope with or overcome their difficulties. On the one hand, as the available statistics show, the service was used to a considerable extent. On the other hand, it was hardly known among the general population. It is striking that there are several misrepresentations in which, for example, the "trust phone" is equated or confused with the church-organized telephone counseling service. In retrospect, negative and defamatory connotations are also repeatedly noticeable: "The Stasi was always listening," "SED-contaminated," or "It wasn't wise to place too much trust in it." This article describes how the "trust phone (Telefon des Vertrauens)" was founded in the GDR, the principles and conditions under which its employees worked - also in comparison to the telephone counseling service - and what is known about the callers. Reference is made to the "Telefon des Vertrauens" founded in Leipzig in 1983, the one that has existed in Berlin since the end of 1987 (with which personal experience of the author exist), and the one that existed in Dresden since the spring of 1989.

Psychological interventions delivered during chemotherapy can help cancer patients reduce their subjective distress. The use of virtual reality (VR) may enhance their effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a VR-based mindfulness intervention during outpatient chemotherapy.In a monocentric, three-arm randomized controlled trial, patients with cancer undergoing treatment in the outpatient chemotherapy unit of an oncology center were randomized to one of three groups: (a) VR-based mindfulness intervention, (b) receptive music intervention, or (c) control group. Interventions were delivered during two consecutive chemotherapy sessions. Feasibility was assessed through standardized screening information collected prior to recruitment and structured participant observation during the interventions; acceptability was measured using a post-intervention questionnaire.Of 3,072 patients approached, 1,590 formally met the inclusion criteria, and N=85 were enrolled (participation rate: 5.4%). Common reasons for non-participation included wearing a cooling cap, language barriers, lack of interest, and reliance on personal coping strategies. Both interventions were feasible; disruptions during sessions were common. The VR-based mindfulness intervention required substantial personnel support. Despite overall positive ratings from participants, VR mindfulness did not show higher acceptability than music.The high proportion of non-participating patients may indicate that an active VR-based mindfulness intervention during chemotherapy infusion is not well aligned with patient needs and may be experienced as potentially overwhelming. Its benefits might be better realized at a different point in the care trajectory (e. g., at home, between sessions) or later after treatment completion (survivorship phase). For immediate relief during chemotherapy, music interventions appear to be a simpler, more easily implemented alternative.Integrating digital psychological interventions into routine oncology care requires stronger consideration of patients' specific needs and the situational and organizational contexts in which these interventions are delivered.

Objective: The perception of one's own body through external sensory channels, understood as exteroception, is a central component of various psychological processes and has been associated with different mental disorders. The Exteroceptive Body Awareness Questionnaire (EBA-Q) is an instrument for assessing the ability to perceive one's own body based on exteroceptive signals and to correctly evaluate changes. As no validated German-language version is currently available, the aim of the study was to psychometrically test the German-language version of the EBA-Q.

Method: Based on an online study (N=641; n=517 female, n=113 male, n=11 non-binary*/agender*), we examined the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the German-language version of the EBA-Q. After two weeks, a subsample (n=340) was surveyed again to determine test-retest reliability.

Results: The originally postulated bifactorial model of the EBA-Q was not confirmed. Instead, a model with an orthogonal general factor and correlated group factors showed acceptable model fit. However, the visuo-tactile awareness subscale showed only weak to inconsistent factor loadings. Multi-group analyses between individuals with and without a mental disorder revealed no differences in the general factor, but significant differences emerged in specific group factors. Internal consistency was good and test-retest reliability proved acceptable. As expected, construct validity analyses showed correlations with measures of public body-awareness and public self-awareness.

Discussion: Overall, the German-language version of the EBA-Q exhibits adequate psychometric properties. Its use in basic research and clinical practice is therefore recommended, though caution is warranted regarding the visuo-tactile body awareness subscale.

Intersession experiences - thoughts, feelings, and fantasies about therapy or the therapist between sessions - are relevant markers of therapeutic engagement and internalization. However, existing measures like the Intersession Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) are lengthy and difficult to implement in routine care. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a brief, psychometrically sound version of the IEQ that retained the most important dimensions, the Intersession Experience Questionnaire-Short (IEQ-S), to facilitate repeated assessments in clinical and research settings.Based on the German IEQ, eight items with the highest factor loadings across conceptual domains were selected. Cross-sectional data from five clinical samples (N=165) and longitudinal data from another sample of 72 outpatients (2,119 sessions) were used to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the IEQ-S, as well as its sensitivity to within-person change.The IEQ-S items demonstrated strong convergence with the single factors of the full IEQ. It showed expected associations with therapeutic alliance and symptom burden, while demonstrating discriminant validity against general health. Longitudinal analyses revealed meaningful within-person variability and statistically significant associations with depressive symptoms over time (i. e., session by session).The IEQ-S is a reliable, valid, and efficient instrument for capturing intersession experiences. Conclusion: The IEQ-S's brevity and dynamic sensitivity make it well-suited for routine monitoring and ecological momentary assessment. Further research should explore its prognostic utility and applicability across therapy formats.

Since 2020, cancer counselling centers (CCCs) have been eligible for funding from health insurance funds under the legal regulation on "Outpatient Cancer Counseling" (§65e SGB V). This article investigates the rationale for or against applying for funding and evaluates the funding option from the perspective of staff members at both funded and non-funded CCCs, as well as sponsoring organizations. The aim is to analyse the practical feasibility of the financing model.We conducted a qualitative study using guided expert interviews with employees of CCCs and sponsoring organizations. The institutions for interview participation were selected from all existing CCCs and sponsoring organizations, taking into account factors such as size, region, and funding status of the CCC through a quota-based random selection process. The interviews were analyzed using content-structural evaluation methods according to Kuckartz.The analysis is based on statements from 44 expert interviews, including 17 funded CCCs, 9 non-funded CCCs, 6 CCCs with changing status, and 12 sponsoring organizations. The funding option was generally rated positively and recognized as a significant advancement for outpatient cancer counselling. With regard to the required minimum number of consultations, it should be noted that the majority of CCCs considered this to be achievable. However, certain structural aspects were criticized, particularly regarding the allocation process, funding stability, and the requirements of financial auditing. Issues such as the remaining uncertainty of stable financing, and the insufficient recognition of essential work areas, such as group services, were highlighted, as well as the inadequate consideration of differences in service mandates, especially for CCCs in rural areas.The partial funding of outpatient CCCs by health insurance funds is an important step towards stable financing and standardization in outpatient cancer counselling. Future amendments should aim to ensure long-term security and flexibility of funding options in order to maintain comprehensive, needs-based and quality-assured cancer counselling in Germany with a growing proportion of cancer survivors, a significant proportion of whom have psychosocial problems and need counselling.

The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic validity of the risk index for predicting the effectiveness of medical-psychosomatic rehabilitation treatments. Specifically, it was investigated whether the risk index contributes additional explanatory value beyond sick leave duration in the year preceding rehabilitation. Sociodemographic, clinical, and motivational differences between risk groups were also analyzed.This retrospective study was based on data from 725 patients treated at a rehabilitation center between September 2022 and December 2023. Participants were categorized by risk level (high, medium, low). Measures included depression severity (PHQ-9), work motivation (DIAMO), subjective return-to-work expectations (SPE), and social-medical assessments. Statistical analyses included ANOVAs, multiple and logistic regressions, and the Reliable Change Index.The high-risk group was older, more frequently female, and more likely to have been on extended sick leave. They reported poorer subjective and social-medical return-to-work expectations, lower work motivation, more avoidant behavior, and reduced participation capabilities. The risk index significantly predicted depression severity at discharge, though less strongly than prior depression levels and sick leave duration. It did not significantly predict return-to-work status at discharge.The risk index provides additional value in predicting psychological treatment outcomes, but not in forecasting work ability. Clinically relevant differences in motivation, participation assessment, and return-to-work expectations in the high-risk group underline the need for targeted early interventions. Conclusion While useful for identifying vulnerable groups, the risk index does not replace individualized assessments of occupational and psychological burdens. Early recognition and promotion of motivational and functional resources are essential for successful rehabilitation.

Sexualized violence occurs in different contexts, and there are many different constellations between perpetrators and victims. This article deals primarily with acts that take place in an institutional context and are detrimental to children and adolescents, as special dynamics play a role here that are also of particular importance for the respective institutional protection concepts. Sexual abuse most often occurs within the victim's own family and circle of friends, with girls significantly more likely to be affected than boys. However, a significant proportion of sexualized violence also takes place within the sphere of responsibility of institutions. In educational institutions, in sports and leisure facilities, in the church's sphere of responsibility, and in institutions for child, youth, and family welfare, boys are significantly more frequently affected by sexual violence than girls.