Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2022.2059542
A. Mastekaasa, G. Birkelund
ABSTRACT In recent years, multidimensional conceptualizations of social origin have become increasingsly common in social stratification research. We provide evidence on the associations between four origin measures, parents’ class, status, earnings and education on the one hand and the corresponding offspring measures on the other. We also extend previous research on differences in origin effects at different levels of the children’s educational attainment and compare the predictive power of the social origin measures with regard to children’s top and bottom attainments on all outcome variables. We use Norwegian administrative data for nearly 500,000 individuals born between 1961 and 1970. The analyses show that parents’ education is a much stronger predictor for all outcomes than are their social class and status positions – both taken separately and together. Parental education also outperforms parents’ earnings, except when the offspring variable is also earnings. Thus, parents’ premarket characteristics seem to be more important than their labour market achievements for their children’s outcomes. A second major finding is that the predictive power of social origins is often quite similar for advantaged and disadvantaged outcomes. However, bottom earnings are much less strongly associated with social origins than are top earnings.
{"title":"The intergenerational transmission of social advantage and disadvantage: comprehensive evidence on the association of parents’ and children’s educational attainments, class, earnings, and status","authors":"A. Mastekaasa, G. Birkelund","doi":"10.1080/14616696.2022.2059542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2022.2059542","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, multidimensional conceptualizations of social origin have become increasingsly common in social stratification research. We provide evidence on the associations between four origin measures, parents’ class, status, earnings and education on the one hand and the corresponding offspring measures on the other. We also extend previous research on differences in origin effects at different levels of the children’s educational attainment and compare the predictive power of the social origin measures with regard to children’s top and bottom attainments on all outcome variables. We use Norwegian administrative data for nearly 500,000 individuals born between 1961 and 1970. The analyses show that parents’ education is a much stronger predictor for all outcomes than are their social class and status positions – both taken separately and together. Parental education also outperforms parents’ earnings, except when the offspring variable is also earnings. Thus, parents’ premarket characteristics seem to be more important than their labour market achievements for their children’s outcomes. A second major finding is that the predictive power of social origins is often quite similar for advantaged and disadvantaged outcomes. However, bottom earnings are much less strongly associated with social origins than are top earnings.","PeriodicalId":47392,"journal":{"name":"European Societies","volume":"11 1","pages":"66 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84720595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-07DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2022.2052144
L. Novotný, Hynek Böhm
ABSTRACT The article focuses on the impact of the new re-bordering, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, on the functional, ideational and institutional dimension of cross-border integration, as perceived by the Czech cross-border commuters employed on the German side of the Euroregion Elbe Labe. The interviews with forty cross-commuters showed that they were left alone in these times of re-bordering and became victims of non-coordination between Czechia and Germany. Yet, cross-border commuting seems to have survived the first pandemic waves and the German labour market will continue to attract the Czech workforce despite that fact the pandemic has introduced a major uncertainty associated with the border crossing. The pandemic has revealed the need for a functional system of the cross-border management in the period of crisis to protect cross-border commuters and provide them with better security.
{"title":"New re-bordering left them alone and neglected: Czech cross-border commuters in German-Czech borderland","authors":"L. Novotný, Hynek Böhm","doi":"10.1080/14616696.2022.2052144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2022.2052144","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article focuses on the impact of the new re-bordering, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, on the functional, ideational and institutional dimension of cross-border integration, as perceived by the Czech cross-border commuters employed on the German side of the Euroregion Elbe Labe. The interviews with forty cross-commuters showed that they were left alone in these times of re-bordering and became victims of non-coordination between Czechia and Germany. Yet, cross-border commuting seems to have survived the first pandemic waves and the German labour market will continue to attract the Czech workforce despite that fact the pandemic has introduced a major uncertainty associated with the border crossing. The pandemic has revealed the need for a functional system of the cross-border management in the period of crisis to protect cross-border commuters and provide them with better security.","PeriodicalId":47392,"journal":{"name":"European Societies","volume":"1 1","pages":"333 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90919188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2021.2007973
Michail Melidis, S. Tzagkarakis
ABSTRACT After a long period in the doldrums with austerity measures and consecutive bailouts, Greece still bears the scars of the recent financial adventure while strives to recover in a new economic environment. As one of the hardest-hit by the economic crisis Member states, Greece has seen its economic capacity reduced, the unemployment and poverty levels rising, and the living conditions for a significant part of the population and social groups deteriorating. Despite the plethora of analyses on the political and socio-economic perspectives, the evolution of social vulnerability remains a largely unexplored area that merits further investigation and analysis in a crisis-ridden country of the European South. The paper aims to study how social vulnerability has evolved in Greece from 2008 to 2017 using secondary data and descriptive statistics that focus on five key variables (disposable income, education, employment, gender, urban/rural environment) for a better understanding of the domestic social vulnerability dynamics in a period of stark contrasts. Overall, our findings demonstrate an increased risk of social exclusion and a widening of inequality and poverty rates during the stated period.
{"title":"The evolution of social vulnerability in Greece during the economic crisis (2008-2017)","authors":"Michail Melidis, S. Tzagkarakis","doi":"10.1080/14616696.2021.2007973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2021.2007973","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT After a long period in the doldrums with austerity measures and consecutive bailouts, Greece still bears the scars of the recent financial adventure while strives to recover in a new economic environment. As one of the hardest-hit by the economic crisis Member states, Greece has seen its economic capacity reduced, the unemployment and poverty levels rising, and the living conditions for a significant part of the population and social groups deteriorating. Despite the plethora of analyses on the political and socio-economic perspectives, the evolution of social vulnerability remains a largely unexplored area that merits further investigation and analysis in a crisis-ridden country of the European South. The paper aims to study how social vulnerability has evolved in Greece from 2008 to 2017 using secondary data and descriptive statistics that focus on five key variables (disposable income, education, employment, gender, urban/rural environment) for a better understanding of the domestic social vulnerability dynamics in a period of stark contrasts. Overall, our findings demonstrate an increased risk of social exclusion and a widening of inequality and poverty rates during the stated period.","PeriodicalId":47392,"journal":{"name":"European Societies","volume":"12 1","pages":"229 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74113967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2022.2043407
Emma Carey Brummer, Noel Clycq, Ariadne Driezen, G. Verschraegen
ABSTRACT Schools are an important setting wherein different identity dimensions are made available to youth. This paper argues that European identity can be a relevant unifying collective identity in ethnically diverse contexts. We study whether (or not) students who are confronted with a European and/or a multicultural dimension in their school curriculum, identify more strongly with a European identity. More specifically, we analyse whether the importance of these dimensions for European identification differs between a sample of ethnic majority and ethnic minority students. The results show that both the European and the multicultural curriculum predicted a stronger European identity for both groups. The effects of both dimensions on European identity were similar for ethnic majority students, while the multicultural dimension had significantly stronger effects on European identity for ethnic minority students. The paper thus highlights how curricula contribute to changing patterns of identification in a diversifying society.
{"title":"European identity among ethnic majority and ethnic minority students: understanding the role of the school curriculum","authors":"Emma Carey Brummer, Noel Clycq, Ariadne Driezen, G. Verschraegen","doi":"10.1080/14616696.2022.2043407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2022.2043407","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Schools are an important setting wherein different identity dimensions are made available to youth. This paper argues that European identity can be a relevant unifying collective identity in ethnically diverse contexts. We study whether (or not) students who are confronted with a European and/or a multicultural dimension in their school curriculum, identify more strongly with a European identity. More specifically, we analyse whether the importance of these dimensions for European identification differs between a sample of ethnic majority and ethnic minority students. The results show that both the European and the multicultural curriculum predicted a stronger European identity for both groups. The effects of both dimensions on European identity were similar for ethnic majority students, while the multicultural dimension had significantly stronger effects on European identity for ethnic minority students. The paper thus highlights how curricula contribute to changing patterns of identification in a diversifying society.","PeriodicalId":47392,"journal":{"name":"European Societies","volume":"39 1","pages":"178 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82594405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2022.2059098
C. Bratt
ABSTRACT Are Europeans racist if they maintain that some cultures are superior? Theorists of cultural racism argue so and suggest that modern racism in Europe is expressed as a belief in cultural superiority. But this claim has been based on theoretical arguments, not on empirical tests. The current research investigated how widespread a belief in cultural superiority was in European countries and tested how such a belief related to biological racism. Analyses of data from the European Social Survey (21 countries, total N > 33,000) showed large differences across countries in tendencies to endorse the belief in cultural superiority. But in nearly all countries, a factor model consistent with the theory of cultural racism had much better support than a factor model building on the assumption that culturalism is distinct from racism. Even when the factor analysis was able to maintain a distinction between racism and culturalism, the two factors had a very strong correlation. The present research suggests that although a belief in cultural superiority may harbour different views, expressed beliefs in cultural superiority and cultural concerns are strongly associated with traditional racism.
如果欧洲人坚持认为某些文化更优越，那他们是种族主义者吗?文化种族主义理论家认为，欧洲的现代种族主义表现为对文化优越感的信仰。但这种说法是基于理论论证，而不是基于实证检验。目前的研究调查了文化优越感在欧洲国家的普遍程度，并测试了这种信念与生物种族主义的关系。欧洲社会调查(European Social Survey)的数据分析(21个国家，总计3.3万欧元)显示，各国在认同文化优越论的倾向上存在很大差异。但在几乎所有国家，与文化种族主义理论相一致的因素模型比建立在文化主义与种族主义不同的假设上的因素模型得到了更好的支持。即使因子分析能够保持种族主义和文化主义之间的区别，这两个因素也有很强的相关性。目前的研究表明，虽然对文化优越感的信仰可能包含不同的观点，但对文化优越感和文化关注的表达与传统种族主义密切相关。
{"title":"Is it racism? The belief in cultural superiority across Europe","authors":"C. Bratt","doi":"10.1080/14616696.2022.2059098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2022.2059098","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Are Europeans racist if they maintain that some cultures are superior? Theorists of cultural racism argue so and suggest that modern racism in Europe is expressed as a belief in cultural superiority. But this claim has been based on theoretical arguments, not on empirical tests. The current research investigated how widespread a belief in cultural superiority was in European countries and tested how such a belief related to biological racism. Analyses of data from the European Social Survey (21 countries, total N > 33,000) showed large differences across countries in tendencies to endorse the belief in cultural superiority. But in nearly all countries, a factor model consistent with the theory of cultural racism had much better support than a factor model building on the assumption that culturalism is distinct from racism. Even when the factor analysis was able to maintain a distinction between racism and culturalism, the two factors had a very strong correlation. The present research suggests that although a belief in cultural superiority may harbour different views, expressed beliefs in cultural superiority and cultural concerns are strongly associated with traditional racism.","PeriodicalId":47392,"journal":{"name":"European Societies","volume":"26 1","pages":"207 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89163205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2022.2043411
Paolo Boccagni, A. Brodesco, Federico La Bruna
ABSTRACT What does ‘staying at home’ mean, and how is it represented online, once it suddenly becomes a legal obligation? This article explores the ways to display and resignify the domestic space through the frames of YouTube during the first nationwide lockdown in Italy in spring 2020. While being enforced at home, and possibly as a way to cope with this, YouTube creators perceive, display and (re)adapt their dwellings in contrasting ways along the continuum between safe shelter and prison; as proper domestic space but also as functional equivalent of extra-domestic ones such as gyms and offices; as the necessary backdrop for their performances or as a setting to be exhibited in its own right. Based on a content analysis of 989 videos using the hashtag #iorestoacasa [‘I’m staying home’] between March and May 2020, this article explores how the domestic space is turned into a stage for public (YouTube-mediated) activities, thereby revealing an increasing permeability between private and public domain. This, in turn, invites to further investigate the complex entanglements of private and public, ‘displayed’ and ‘invisibilized’, as an expression of the constitutive ambivalence of the home.
{"title":"‘Stayhome’ as a YouTube performance: representing and reshaping domestic space under the 2020 covid lockdown in Italy","authors":"Paolo Boccagni, A. Brodesco, Federico La Bruna","doi":"10.1080/14616696.2022.2043411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2022.2043411","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT What does ‘staying at home’ mean, and how is it represented online, once it suddenly becomes a legal obligation? This article explores the ways to display and resignify the domestic space through the frames of YouTube during the first nationwide lockdown in Italy in spring 2020. While being enforced at home, and possibly as a way to cope with this, YouTube creators perceive, display and (re)adapt their dwellings in contrasting ways along the continuum between safe shelter and prison; as proper domestic space but also as functional equivalent of extra-domestic ones such as gyms and offices; as the necessary backdrop for their performances or as a setting to be exhibited in its own right. Based on a content analysis of 989 videos using the hashtag #iorestoacasa [‘I’m staying home’] between March and May 2020, this article explores how the domestic space is turned into a stage for public (YouTube-mediated) activities, thereby revealing an increasing permeability between private and public domain. This, in turn, invites to further investigate the complex entanglements of private and public, ‘displayed’ and ‘invisibilized’, as an expression of the constitutive ambivalence of the home.","PeriodicalId":47392,"journal":{"name":"European Societies","volume":"115 1","pages":"129 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76195220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2022.2043406
Naoki Akaeda, Nadine M. Schöneck
ABSTRACT The 2008/09 economic crisis was – unsurprisingly – paralleled by noteworthy perceptions of socio-economic insecurity among Europeans. Respondents in different countries reported more or less grave fears of employment and income insecurity depending on their respective countries’ performance during the crisis. Against this background, we are interested in the manifestations of perceived socio-economic insecurity and their macro contextual determinants. After formulating hypotheses regarding socio-economic and welfare-institutional factors, we test them by using two rounds of the European Social Survey (fielded in 2008/09 and 2016/17). Based on three-level regressions with between-within models of 23,000 individuals (11,611 individuals in 2008/09 and 11,389 individuals in 2016/17) nested in 34 country-years and 17 European countries, we find that the level of perceived socio-economic insecurity in 2016/17 was generally lower than in 2008/09. Additionally, we reveal differences in the effects of the socio-economic factors and welfare-institutional factors between and within countries. These findings suggest that the inconsistency of the results of contextual factors among previous studies might stem from jumbling between- and within-country effects.
{"title":"Socio-economic insecurity perceptions and their societal determinants: Europe in the aftermath of the Great Recession","authors":"Naoki Akaeda, Nadine M. Schöneck","doi":"10.1080/14616696.2022.2043406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2022.2043406","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The 2008/09 economic crisis was – unsurprisingly – paralleled by noteworthy perceptions of socio-economic insecurity among Europeans. Respondents in different countries reported more or less grave fears of employment and income insecurity depending on their respective countries’ performance during the crisis. Against this background, we are interested in the manifestations of perceived socio-economic insecurity and their macro contextual determinants. After formulating hypotheses regarding socio-economic and welfare-institutional factors, we test them by using two rounds of the European Social Survey (fielded in 2008/09 and 2016/17). Based on three-level regressions with between-within models of 23,000 individuals (11,611 individuals in 2008/09 and 11,389 individuals in 2016/17) nested in 34 country-years and 17 European countries, we find that the level of perceived socio-economic insecurity in 2016/17 was generally lower than in 2008/09. Additionally, we reveal differences in the effects of the socio-economic factors and welfare-institutional factors between and within countries. These findings suggest that the inconsistency of the results of contextual factors among previous studies might stem from jumbling between- and within-country effects.","PeriodicalId":47392,"journal":{"name":"European Societies","volume":"198 1","pages":"310 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73955772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2022.2044067
F. Molteni, Frank van Tubergen
ABSTRACT Although Christian migrant groups make up a sizeable part of the immigrant population in Europe, little is known about their religiosity. This paper studies patterns of intergenerational change and proposes and tests hypotheses that specify when and why changes across generations are stronger. Using data from the European Social Survey (2002–2018) on 33 European countries, it is found that there is a strong pattern of intergenerational decline in the level of religiosity among Christian migrant groups in Europe. This process of religious decline is by no means universal. Results show that children from two foreign-born parents are much more religious than children from intermarried (foreign-born and native) couples. We also observe that intergenerational decline is much less pronounced in European countries that are more religious. Finally, when Christian migrant groups belong to a religious minority group, this is associated with higher levels of religiosity in both the first and second generation. It is argued that these insights can explain the ‘puzzling’ strong intergenerational religious transmission among Muslim migrant groups in Western European societies.
{"title":"Immigrant generation and religiosity: a study of Christian immigrant groups in 33 European countries","authors":"F. Molteni, Frank van Tubergen","doi":"10.1080/14616696.2022.2044067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2022.2044067","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although Christian migrant groups make up a sizeable part of the immigrant population in Europe, little is known about their religiosity. This paper studies patterns of intergenerational change and proposes and tests hypotheses that specify when and why changes across generations are stronger. Using data from the European Social Survey (2002–2018) on 33 European countries, it is found that there is a strong pattern of intergenerational decline in the level of religiosity among Christian migrant groups in Europe. This process of religious decline is by no means universal. Results show that children from two foreign-born parents are much more religious than children from intermarried (foreign-born and native) couples. We also observe that intergenerational decline is much less pronounced in European countries that are more religious. Finally, when Christian migrant groups belong to a religious minority group, this is associated with higher levels of religiosity in both the first and second generation. It is argued that these insights can explain the ‘puzzling’ strong intergenerational religious transmission among Muslim migrant groups in Western European societies.","PeriodicalId":47392,"journal":{"name":"European Societies","volume":"13 1","pages":"605 - 627"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85897453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2022.2043412
Angelica M. Maineri, P. Achterberg, R. Luijkx
ABSTRACT In this study, we investigate whether, and why, individuals express different levels of acceptance of surveillance depending on their educational level, and whether this relationship varies with the level of digitalization and globalization expansion of their country. Additionally, we ask whether the type of surveillance (online surveillance vs cameras in public areas) conditions these differences. We build on two theoretical frameworks, one concerned with the resurgence of authoritarian values via the cultural backlash, and the other one explaining how different people analyse manufactured risks differently due to processes of reflexive modernization. In order to test the hypotheses, we employ data from the latest wave of the European Values Study (EVS) and implement multilevel multivariate regression models. Findings indicate that the lower educated individuals are more prone to accept online surveillance, due to their stronger authoritarianism and weaker reflexive mindset; however, there is no educational gradient in acceptance of video surveillance in public areas. Additionally, the countries’ levels of digitalization and globalization expansion do not condition the educational gradient in acceptance of surveillance.
{"title":"Switch on the Big Brother! Investigating the educational gradients in acceptance of online and public areas surveillance among European citizens","authors":"Angelica M. Maineri, P. Achterberg, R. Luijkx","doi":"10.1080/14616696.2022.2043412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2022.2043412","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, we investigate whether, and why, individuals express different levels of acceptance of surveillance depending on their educational level, and whether this relationship varies with the level of digitalization and globalization expansion of their country. Additionally, we ask whether the type of surveillance (online surveillance vs cameras in public areas) conditions these differences. We build on two theoretical frameworks, one concerned with the resurgence of authoritarian values via the cultural backlash, and the other one explaining how different people analyse manufactured risks differently due to processes of reflexive modernization. In order to test the hypotheses, we employ data from the latest wave of the European Values Study (EVS) and implement multilevel multivariate regression models. Findings indicate that the lower educated individuals are more prone to accept online surveillance, due to their stronger authoritarianism and weaker reflexive mindset; however, there is no educational gradient in acceptance of video surveillance in public areas. Additionally, the countries’ levels of digitalization and globalization expansion do not condition the educational gradient in acceptance of surveillance.","PeriodicalId":47392,"journal":{"name":"European Societies","volume":"19 1","pages":"628 - 656"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87294604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2022.2043409
Jad Moawad
ABSTRACT Research on the direct effect of social origin (DESO) focuses on how background influences later labour market outcomes after accounting for education. Growing up in a household of low social origin might decrease the chances of certain future outcomes; however, the extent to which this matters is contingent on the economic cycle. Using the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and the European Social Survey (ESS) between 2002 and 2014, we analyse whether the gap in the DESO in terms of employment and earnings widened following the Great Recession for young adults (25-34) in France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom. Our results suggest that young adults of high social origin faced more disadvantages in terms of employment than young adults of low social origin in France, Spain and the United Kingdom. On the other hand, analyses show that young adults of low social origin experienced more disadvantages in terms of earnings than their counterparts of high social origin in Spain.
{"title":"Labour market prospects of young adults in Europe: differential effects of social origin during the Great Recession","authors":"Jad Moawad","doi":"10.1080/14616696.2022.2043409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2022.2043409","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research on the direct effect of social origin (DESO) focuses on how background influences later labour market outcomes after accounting for education. Growing up in a household of low social origin might decrease the chances of certain future outcomes; however, the extent to which this matters is contingent on the economic cycle. Using the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and the European Social Survey (ESS) between 2002 and 2014, we analyse whether the gap in the DESO in terms of employment and earnings widened following the Great Recession for young adults (25-34) in France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom. Our results suggest that young adults of high social origin faced more disadvantages in terms of employment than young adults of low social origin in France, Spain and the United Kingdom. On the other hand, analyses show that young adults of low social origin experienced more disadvantages in terms of earnings than their counterparts of high social origin in Spain.","PeriodicalId":47392,"journal":{"name":"European Societies","volume":"7 1","pages":"521 - 547"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85717195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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