Pub Date : 2018-12-26DOI: 10.15406/mojwh.2018.07.00199
M. Hamad
Toxoplasmosis is a disease that results from infection with the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, one of the world’s most common parasites.1 It’s an important cause of reproductive failure in man and farm animals resulting in significant socio-economic losses worldwide.2 Toxoplasmosis as other parasitic infections are dynamic in their distribution–some are endemic while many ubiquitous. The environment plays a key role in their survival and transmission often time.3 A toxoplasma infection occur by eating undercooked, contaminated meat (especially pork, lamb, and venison), accidental ingestion of undercooked ,contaminated meat after handling it and not washing hands thoroughly (Toxoplasma cannot be absorbed through intact skin) ,eating food that was contaminated knives , utensils ,cutting boards and other food that have had contact with raw, contaminated meat, drinking water contaminated with toxoplasma gondii, accidentally swallowing the parasite through contact with cat feces that contain toxoplasma gondii, mother–to-child (congenital) transmission, receiving an infected organ transplant or infected blood via transfusion,4 it can be also sexually transmitted infection with serious clinical consequence. In most cases toxoplasmosis does not cause any symptoms and the person is not aware they are infected but in 10-20% of people infected with toxoplasmosis will develop symptoms similar to flu or glandular fever such as, high temperature (fever) of 38°C OR overaching muscle, tiredness feeling sick, sore throat, swollen glands, these symptoms are usually mild and will normally pass within a few weeks. Toxoplasmosis can be serious if a women becomes infected while she is pregnant or few weeks before conceiving. This is because there is a chance the infection could be passed to her baby and if the infection spreads to her baby, it can cause, miscarriage, stillbirth and congenital toxoplasmosis ,that cause serious problems that either noticeable from birth or develop several months or years later, such as brain damage, hearing loss and vision problems. Toxoplasmosis is present in every country and seropositivity rates range from less 10% to 90%. The causative agent, Toxoplasma gondii, has a complex life cycle and is an important food borne pathogen. Human infection can result from the ingestion or handling of undercooked or raw meat containing tissue cyst (bradyzoite). Alternatively, it can result from direct contact with cats or from the consumption of water or food contaminated by oocysts excreted in the faeces of infected cats.5
{"title":"Prevalence of toxoplasmosis among selected group of unmarried volunteers Sudanese females","authors":"M. Hamad","doi":"10.15406/mojwh.2018.07.00199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojwh.2018.07.00199","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasmosis is a disease that results from infection with the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, one of the world’s most common parasites.1 It’s an important cause of reproductive failure in man and farm animals resulting in significant socio-economic losses worldwide.2 Toxoplasmosis as other parasitic infections are dynamic in their distribution–some are endemic while many ubiquitous. The environment plays a key role in their survival and transmission often time.3 A toxoplasma infection occur by eating undercooked, contaminated meat (especially pork, lamb, and venison), accidental ingestion of undercooked ,contaminated meat after handling it and not washing hands thoroughly (Toxoplasma cannot be absorbed through intact skin) ,eating food that was contaminated knives , utensils ,cutting boards and other food that have had contact with raw, contaminated meat, drinking water contaminated with toxoplasma gondii, accidentally swallowing the parasite through contact with cat feces that contain toxoplasma gondii, mother–to-child (congenital) transmission, receiving an infected organ transplant or infected blood via transfusion,4 it can be also sexually transmitted infection with serious clinical consequence. In most cases toxoplasmosis does not cause any symptoms and the person is not aware they are infected but in 10-20% of people infected with toxoplasmosis will develop symptoms similar to flu or glandular fever such as, high temperature (fever) of 38°C OR overaching muscle, tiredness feeling sick, sore throat, swollen glands, these symptoms are usually mild and will normally pass within a few weeks. Toxoplasmosis can be serious if a women becomes infected while she is pregnant or few weeks before conceiving. This is because there is a chance the infection could be passed to her baby and if the infection spreads to her baby, it can cause, miscarriage, stillbirth and congenital toxoplasmosis ,that cause serious problems that either noticeable from birth or develop several months or years later, such as brain damage, hearing loss and vision problems. Toxoplasmosis is present in every country and seropositivity rates range from less 10% to 90%. The causative agent, Toxoplasma gondii, has a complex life cycle and is an important food borne pathogen. Human infection can result from the ingestion or handling of undercooked or raw meat containing tissue cyst (bradyzoite). Alternatively, it can result from direct contact with cats or from the consumption of water or food contaminated by oocysts excreted in the faeces of infected cats.5","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47536805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-26DOI: 10.15406/MOJWH.2018.07.00198
M. Hamad, Dakeen Khalifa Idam, Hana Alhag Alshazali
INTRODUCTON Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which you have a low blood platelet count. Platelets (thrombocytes) are colorless blood cells that help blood clot. Platelets stop bleeding by clumping and forming plugs in blood vessel injuries. Thrombocytopenia often occurs as a result of a separate disorder, such as leukemia or an immune system problem. Or it can be a side effect of taking certain medications. It affects both children and adults. ABSTRACT Background: Gestational thrombocytopenia, also known as incidental thrombocytopenia of pregnancy, is the commonest cause of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy occurring in approximately 75% of cases, it occurs in the middle of the second trimester and the third trimester and is not associated with maternal bleeding. Rationale: Gestational thrombocytopenia may lead to severe complications for both pregnant lady and her fetus. Objectives: To know the prevalence of gestational thrombocytopenia among selected group of pregnant ladies. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross sectional study, blood specimen was collected from 100 pregnant ladies and examined by full automated haematological analyzer. Result: There is no reported case of gestational thrombocytopenia among all pregnant ladies involved in the study (0%). Discussion: Globally gestational thrombocytopenia is considered when platelets count is below 116.000cell/μl of blood, no one of participants down to this number then the percentage of gestational thrombocytopenia among the study group (0%) is lower than the normal reference range of gestational thrombocytopenia (7-8%). Conclusion: There is no gestational thrombocytopenia among the pregnant ladies involved in the study. Recommendation: Further studies should be done involving pregnant ladies from different racial group to know the effect of race on the number of platelets during pregnancy.
{"title":"Prevalence of gestational thrombocytopenia among selected group of pregnant women attended to soba university hospital, Sudan, July-September 2016","authors":"M. Hamad, Dakeen Khalifa Idam, Hana Alhag Alshazali","doi":"10.15406/MOJWH.2018.07.00198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJWH.2018.07.00198","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTON Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which you have a low blood platelet count. Platelets (thrombocytes) are colorless blood cells that help blood clot. Platelets stop bleeding by clumping and forming plugs in blood vessel injuries. Thrombocytopenia often occurs as a result of a separate disorder, such as leukemia or an immune system problem. Or it can be a side effect of taking certain medications. It affects both children and adults. ABSTRACT Background: Gestational thrombocytopenia, also known as incidental thrombocytopenia of pregnancy, is the commonest cause of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy occurring in approximately 75% of cases, it occurs in the middle of the second trimester and the third trimester and is not associated with maternal bleeding. Rationale: Gestational thrombocytopenia may lead to severe complications for both pregnant lady and her fetus. Objectives: To know the prevalence of gestational thrombocytopenia among selected group of pregnant ladies. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross sectional study, blood specimen was collected from 100 pregnant ladies and examined by full automated haematological analyzer. Result: There is no reported case of gestational thrombocytopenia among all pregnant ladies involved in the study (0%). Discussion: Globally gestational thrombocytopenia is considered when platelets count is below 116.000cell/μl of blood, no one of participants down to this number then the percentage of gestational thrombocytopenia among the study group (0%) is lower than the normal reference range of gestational thrombocytopenia (7-8%). Conclusion: There is no gestational thrombocytopenia among the pregnant ladies involved in the study. Recommendation: Further studies should be done involving pregnant ladies from different racial group to know the effect of race on the number of platelets during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47484030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-19DOI: 10.15406/mojwh.2018.07.00197
Kalpana Pawar
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungi which grows asymptomatically on mucosal cells as a normal microflora but a disturbance in this microflora permits C. albicans to enter in to host cells resulting in several diseases such as oropharyngeal candidiasis and vaginal candidiasis (VC). Vaginal candidiasis often referred as vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most prevalent infection found in women of reproductive age infact 3 out of 4 women experience this episode once in their life time. A significant number of women are likely to experience the recurrent infection i.e. 3-4 episodes in a year (RVVC).1,2 In a survey it is found that in US women spend I million dollar on medication of VVC.3,4 VVC is a second most prevalent vaginal infection after bacterial vaginitis and is caused by a pathogenic fungus C. albicans. In VVC C. albicans is the most prevalent and dominant species playing a role to great extent and is associated with dysparaenuia, pruitis, itching, soreness and vaginal discharge. The major risk factors associated with vaginitis are high estrogen contraceptive use, antibiotic usage, harmone replacement therapy and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.1–5
{"title":"Vaginal microflora: a determinant of women’s health and disease","authors":"Kalpana Pawar","doi":"10.15406/mojwh.2018.07.00197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojwh.2018.07.00197","url":null,"abstract":"Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungi which grows asymptomatically on mucosal cells as a normal microflora but a disturbance in this microflora permits C. albicans to enter in to host cells resulting in several diseases such as oropharyngeal candidiasis and vaginal candidiasis (VC). Vaginal candidiasis often referred as vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most prevalent infection found in women of reproductive age infact 3 out of 4 women experience this episode once in their life time. A significant number of women are likely to experience the recurrent infection i.e. 3-4 episodes in a year (RVVC).1,2 In a survey it is found that in US women spend I million dollar on medication of VVC.3,4 VVC is a second most prevalent vaginal infection after bacterial vaginitis and is caused by a pathogenic fungus C. albicans. In VVC C. albicans is the most prevalent and dominant species playing a role to great extent and is associated with dysparaenuia, pruitis, itching, soreness and vaginal discharge. The major risk factors associated with vaginitis are high estrogen contraceptive use, antibiotic usage, harmone replacement therapy and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.1–5","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46105131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.15406/mojwh.2018.07.00196
D. Saxena, Poonam Trivedi, Deepika Singha
{"title":"Post-surgical mental morbidity of breast cancer survivors in India: reflection from urban Gujarat","authors":"D. Saxena, Poonam Trivedi, Deepika Singha","doi":"10.15406/mojwh.2018.07.00196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojwh.2018.07.00196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42418202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-17DOI: 10.15406/MOJWH.2018.07.00195
A. Yabandeh, S. Hamedi, A. Razmi, M. Banaei
Stunting prevalence has been decreasing slowly; and it is reported that 165 million children were stunted in 2011.1 Under nutrition, consisting of fetal growth restriction, stunting, wasting, and deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc, along with sub optimum breastfeeding, underlies nearly 3.1 million deaths of children younger than 5 years annually worldwide, representing about 45% of all deaths in this group.2 Among 3542 Malaysian children aged 6 months to 12 years old the prevalence of low weight and height for age was 5.4% and 8.4%, respectively.3 The overall prevalence of stunting was 25.2% in urban areas of Indonesia (n=7211).4 Stunted growth reflects a process of failure to reach linear growth potential as a result of suboptimal health and/or nutritional conditions. On a population basis, high levels of stunting are associated with poor socioeconomic conditions and increased risk of frequent and early exposure to adverse conditions such as illness and/or inappropriate feeding practices. Similarly, a decrease in the national stunting rate is usually indicative of improvements in overall socioeconomic conditions of a country. The worldwide variation of the prevalence of low height-for-age is considerable, ranging from 5% to 65% among the less developed countries.5 Hoddinott6 suggested that there are consequences of short stature for adults. A 1-SD increase in HAZ was associated with more schooling (0.78 grades) and higher test scores for reading and nonverbal cognitive skills (0.28 and 0.25 SDs, respectively), characteristics of marriage partners (1.39 y older, 1.02 grade more schooling, and 1.01 cm taller). A 1-SD increase in HAZ was associated with increased household per capita expenditure (21%) and a lower probability of living in poverty (10 percentage points). Conversely, being stunted at 2 year was associated with less schooling, a lower test performance, a lower household per capita expenditure, and an increased probability of living in poverty.6 As these indicators are increasingly used in programmatic and research settings to improve children’s health this study aimed to determine the prevalence of short stature and wasting in children aged 2-6 years old in southern part of Iran and assess the relationship of child anthropometric outcomes and feeding pattern, birth weight and parents’ anthropometric measures.
{"title":"Weight and height for age status of children aged 2-6 years old in southern part of Iran: a cross-sectional study","authors":"A. Yabandeh, S. Hamedi, A. Razmi, M. Banaei","doi":"10.15406/MOJWH.2018.07.00195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJWH.2018.07.00195","url":null,"abstract":"Stunting prevalence has been decreasing slowly; and it is reported that 165 million children were stunted in 2011.1 Under nutrition, consisting of fetal growth restriction, stunting, wasting, and deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc, along with sub optimum breastfeeding, underlies nearly 3.1 million deaths of children younger than 5 years annually worldwide, representing about 45% of all deaths in this group.2 Among 3542 Malaysian children aged 6 months to 12 years old the prevalence of low weight and height for age was 5.4% and 8.4%, respectively.3 The overall prevalence of stunting was 25.2% in urban areas of Indonesia (n=7211).4 Stunted growth reflects a process of failure to reach linear growth potential as a result of suboptimal health and/or nutritional conditions. On a population basis, high levels of stunting are associated with poor socioeconomic conditions and increased risk of frequent and early exposure to adverse conditions such as illness and/or inappropriate feeding practices. Similarly, a decrease in the national stunting rate is usually indicative of improvements in overall socioeconomic conditions of a country. The worldwide variation of the prevalence of low height-for-age is considerable, ranging from 5% to 65% among the less developed countries.5 Hoddinott6 suggested that there are consequences of short stature for adults. A 1-SD increase in HAZ was associated with more schooling (0.78 grades) and higher test scores for reading and nonverbal cognitive skills (0.28 and 0.25 SDs, respectively), characteristics of marriage partners (1.39 y older, 1.02 grade more schooling, and 1.01 cm taller). A 1-SD increase in HAZ was associated with increased household per capita expenditure (21%) and a lower probability of living in poverty (10 percentage points). Conversely, being stunted at 2 year was associated with less schooling, a lower test performance, a lower household per capita expenditure, and an increased probability of living in poverty.6 As these indicators are increasingly used in programmatic and research settings to improve children’s health this study aimed to determine the prevalence of short stature and wasting in children aged 2-6 years old in southern part of Iran and assess the relationship of child anthropometric outcomes and feeding pattern, birth weight and parents’ anthropometric measures.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43457045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1177/1745506518817995
M. Andrew, M. Tierney
Objective: There are impressive differences in the incidence, prevalence and experience of women and men with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Notably, two-thirds of those with AD, the most common form of dementia, are women. Our objective was to provide a literature-based framework to understand these sex and gender differences in AD. Methods: We conducted a narrative review to examine sex and gender influences on AD. Results: We present a framework to understanding why these sex and gender differences exist in AD. This includes the influence of longevity (women live longer than men), biological differences (hormonal differences, epigenetics and frailty), differences in cognitive performance (women and men tend to perform differently on some cognitive tests), and gendered social roles and opportunities (educational and occupational opportunities, functional roles post-retirement). Our review clearly indicates the complex interaction of these sex and gender differences and variability within each. Conclusions: Given these important sex and gender differences in AD, we provide recommendations and steps forward describing how both sex and gender should be considered in dementia diagnosis and management and in the design and implementation of dementia research, including studies of caregiving interventions and models of dementia care.
{"title":"The puzzle of sex, gender and Alzheimer’s disease: Why are women more often affected than men?","authors":"M. Andrew, M. Tierney","doi":"10.1177/1745506518817995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1745506518817995","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: There are impressive differences in the incidence, prevalence and experience of women and men with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Notably, two-thirds of those with AD, the most common form of dementia, are women. Our objective was to provide a literature-based framework to understand these sex and gender differences in AD. Methods: We conducted a narrative review to examine sex and gender influences on AD. Results: We present a framework to understanding why these sex and gender differences exist in AD. This includes the influence of longevity (women live longer than men), biological differences (hormonal differences, epigenetics and frailty), differences in cognitive performance (women and men tend to perform differently on some cognitive tests), and gendered social roles and opportunities (educational and occupational opportunities, functional roles post-retirement). Our review clearly indicates the complex interaction of these sex and gender differences and variability within each. Conclusions: Given these important sex and gender differences in AD, we provide recommendations and steps forward describing how both sex and gender should be considered in dementia diagnosis and management and in the design and implementation of dementia research, including studies of caregiving interventions and models of dementia care.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1745506518817995","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44359792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1177/1745506518816599
Xiao Li, Shangying Hu, Yunkun He, L. Hernandez Donoso, K. Qu, G. Van Kriekinge, F. Zhao
Objectives: Human papillomavirus is the necessary cause of cervical cancer, in particular the human papillomavirus-16/18 strains, which have been detected in ~70% of all cervical cancer cases worldwide. This study aims to assess whether other cofactors, which might be specific for the Chinese population, are involved in the development of cervical cancer. These findings may support the future direction of cervical cancer prevention. Study Design: Systematic literature review. Methods: The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, MEDLINE-IN-PROCESS, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and Chongqing VIP Information. The target population were adolescents or adults from mainland China. All observational studies irrespective of intervention or comparator reporting risk factors for cervical cancer were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. The impact of each outcome was reported in numerical terms. Results: A total of 2,676 articles were screened. A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. All studies were case-controlled designs mostly conducted in hospitals of South-Eastern China. A total of 18 studies reported lifestyle behaviours as significant influencing factors in the development of cervical cancer. Sexual behaviour, gestational factors, screening history, disease history and socio-demographics status were reported as significant risk factors for cervical cancer development. Conclusion: This review provides an up-to-date insight of current cervical cancer risk factors in China. Due to the heterogeneity of the results, further evaluation is recommended to determine the association of these risk factors to the overall risk of cervical cancer.
目的:人乳头瘤病毒是宫颈癌的必要病因，尤其是人乳头瘤病毒16/18株，在世界范围内约70%的宫颈癌病例中检出。本研究旨在评估是否其他辅助因素，可能是特定的中国人口，参与宫颈癌的发展。这些发现可能支持宫颈癌预防的未来方向。研究设计:系统文献综述。方法:检索MEDLINE、MEDLINE- in - process、EMBASE、中国国家知识基础设施、万方数据、重庆VIP信息等数据库。目标人群为来自中国大陆的青少年或成年人。所有的观察性研究，无论干预或比较报告宫颈癌的危险因素。纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表用于评估研究质量。每个结果的影响都以数值形式报告。结果:共筛选2676篇文献。共有21篇文章符合纳入标准。所有研究均为病例对照设计，主要在中国东南部的医院进行。共有18项研究报告，生活方式行为是宫颈癌发展的重要影响因素。据报告，性行为、妊娠因素、筛查史、疾病史和社会人口状况是宫颈癌发生的重要危险因素。结论:本文综述了当前中国宫颈癌危险因素的最新情况。由于结果的异质性，建议进一步评估以确定这些危险因素与宫颈癌总体风险的关系。
{"title":"Systematic literature review of risk factors for cervical cancer in the Chinese population","authors":"Xiao Li, Shangying Hu, Yunkun He, L. Hernandez Donoso, K. Qu, G. Van Kriekinge, F. Zhao","doi":"10.1177/1745506518816599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1745506518816599","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Human papillomavirus is the necessary cause of cervical cancer, in particular the human papillomavirus-16/18 strains, which have been detected in ~70% of all cervical cancer cases worldwide. This study aims to assess whether other cofactors, which might be specific for the Chinese population, are involved in the development of cervical cancer. These findings may support the future direction of cervical cancer prevention. Study Design: Systematic literature review. Methods: The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, MEDLINE-IN-PROCESS, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and Chongqing VIP Information. The target population were adolescents or adults from mainland China. All observational studies irrespective of intervention or comparator reporting risk factors for cervical cancer were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. The impact of each outcome was reported in numerical terms. Results: A total of 2,676 articles were screened. A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. All studies were case-controlled designs mostly conducted in hospitals of South-Eastern China. A total of 18 studies reported lifestyle behaviours as significant influencing factors in the development of cervical cancer. Sexual behaviour, gestational factors, screening history, disease history and socio-demographics status were reported as significant risk factors for cervical cancer development. Conclusion: This review provides an up-to-date insight of current cervical cancer risk factors in China. Due to the heterogeneity of the results, further evaluation is recommended to determine the association of these risk factors to the overall risk of cervical cancer.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1745506518816599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43315294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-23DOI: 10.15406/MOJWH.2018.07.00192
I. Younis, R. Salem
Sexual fantasies (SFs) are generally defined as any thought, mental image, or imagined scenario that is experienced as erotic or sexually arousing to the individual.1 Even in the absence of physical stimulation, erotic thoughts can create subjective arousal, as well as the various physiological reactions associated with sexual excitement.2 Subjective arousal during fantasy can be classified as sexual arousal, even in the absence of detectible physiological responses.3
{"title":"Sexual daydreams in a sample of Egyptian women","authors":"I. Younis, R. Salem","doi":"10.15406/MOJWH.2018.07.00192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJWH.2018.07.00192","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual fantasies (SFs) are generally defined as any thought, mental image, or imagined scenario that is experienced as erotic or sexually arousing to the individual.1 Even in the absence of physical stimulation, erotic thoughts can create subjective arousal, as well as the various physiological reactions associated with sexual excitement.2 Subjective arousal during fantasy can be classified as sexual arousal, even in the absence of detectible physiological responses.3","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45704712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-22DOI: 10.15406/mojwh.2018.07.00191
R. Fernández, Ahmed Llapur Gónzalez, D. González
Despite being the endocrine neoplasia most common thyroid cancer, it occupies only about 2% of all cancers, is more common in women than in men, ratio of 3 to 1 and in most cases patients between 25 and 65 years. Well-differentiated tumors (papillary and follicular) are usually curables.1 The little aggressive biological behavior of well-differentiated tumors, led in the early 80s of last century, there is and Cadi, started talking of factors forecasts in this variety of tumor and introduced different scales for evaluation, assigning patients into two groups: high and low risk. Thus the AGES, AMES, mace, and GAMES DAMES appears. All based their assessment on factors related to the patient (age and sex) and the tumor (size, extent, degree of differentiation, metastasis behavior of DNA, resection), according to the result of this assessment and according to group which is included the patient, less extensive surgical techniques proposed for low risk.1 Age, degree of differentiation, the extent and size of the tumor play an important role in deciding on treatment, which everyone agrees is surgical excision, but opinions vary when determining the extent of resection for effective treatment, hence “to be adjusted surgical techniques according to each patient carcinoma”, this is achieved by the proper staging and defining groups risk.2
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Pub Date : 2018-11-20DOI: 10.15406/MOJWH.2018.07.00189
T. Garz
{"title":"Did you know that your body has diagnostic capabilities in itself?","authors":"T. Garz","doi":"10.15406/MOJWH.2018.07.00189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJWH.2018.07.00189","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47674086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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