Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00239
A. Altraigey, S. Mostafa, A. Gamal
The Cesarean delivery [CD] rate increased markedly in the past two decades. Its rate was doubled between 2000 and 2015 to reach almost 21% of all live births. This increase was noticed in 169 countries that reported 29.7 million deliveries by CD annually.1 This raise could be explained by the rise of primary [first] CD [from 12.620.6%] and a decline in vaginal births after CD [28-9.2%], so that the rate of repeat CD is now about 91%.2 The maternal morbidity prevalence is higher after CD than after normal vaginal birth. CD is associated with a higher incidence of ectopic pregnancy, abnormal placentation [placenta previaaccreta] and uterine rupture. Moreover, these risks increased in a dose–response manner.3 History of a past CD increased the risk of gestational sac implantation of the next pregnancy over the cesarean scar, creating the clinical condition defined as cesarean scar pregnancy [CSP] and as explained the magnitude of this risk raised with more repeated CD.4 Two types of CSP were recognized according to the extent of gestational sac invasion; Type 1: where superficial implantation on a scar progressing subsequently towards the cervico-isthmic space and/ or the uterine cavity, whereas Type 2: direct deep implantation into the myometrium±reaching up to inner surface of uterine visceral serosa.5 Since 2000, CSP incidence showed a significant increase, up to 6.1% of all ectopic pregnancies in women with past history of CD, which might be attributed to both increased number of CD and the improved diagnostic accuracy tools recognizing ectopic pregnancy.6 CSP carried the risk of major bleeding, fatal hemorrhage, and spontaneous uterine rupture up to hysterectomy to save the women’s lives.7 Although its clinical presentation vary between light painless vaginal bleeding and moderate abdominal pain, the accurate diagnosis remained difficult as the false negative results of multiple tests could lead to a life-threatening scenario.8 The ideal pathway of CSP management is widely controversial. However, it is universally agreed that surgery is the unavoidable 1st line of management of women presenting with uterine rupture or severe bleeding. On the other hand, the management of hemodynamically stable diagnosed with CSP might represent a challenge. There were almost 31 primary approaches published to treat CSPs but mostly sporadic and individual cases and their results seemed to be insufficient to conclude clearly which one was the most effective management protocol that leaded to the least adverse events. Thus, there is increased needs to develop a set of practice guidelines for health care professionals considering optimum management of CSP. The aim of this work was to describe the experience of a tertiary care hospital with the diagnosis and treatment of CSP and to explore patients’ complications related to this rare type of ectopic pregnancy.
{"title":"Cesarean scar pregnancy: tertiary-centre experience","authors":"A. Altraigey, S. Mostafa, A. Gamal","doi":"10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00239","url":null,"abstract":"The Cesarean delivery [CD] rate increased markedly in the past two decades. Its rate was doubled between 2000 and 2015 to reach almost 21% of all live births. This increase was noticed in 169 countries that reported 29.7 million deliveries by CD annually.1 This raise could be explained by the rise of primary [first] CD [from 12.620.6%] and a decline in vaginal births after CD [28-9.2%], so that the rate of repeat CD is now about 91%.2 The maternal morbidity prevalence is higher after CD than after normal vaginal birth. CD is associated with a higher incidence of ectopic pregnancy, abnormal placentation [placenta previaaccreta] and uterine rupture. Moreover, these risks increased in a dose–response manner.3 History of a past CD increased the risk of gestational sac implantation of the next pregnancy over the cesarean scar, creating the clinical condition defined as cesarean scar pregnancy [CSP] and as explained the magnitude of this risk raised with more repeated CD.4 Two types of CSP were recognized according to the extent of gestational sac invasion; Type 1: where superficial implantation on a scar progressing subsequently towards the cervico-isthmic space and/ or the uterine cavity, whereas Type 2: direct deep implantation into the myometrium±reaching up to inner surface of uterine visceral serosa.5 Since 2000, CSP incidence showed a significant increase, up to 6.1% of all ectopic pregnancies in women with past history of CD, which might be attributed to both increased number of CD and the improved diagnostic accuracy tools recognizing ectopic pregnancy.6 CSP carried the risk of major bleeding, fatal hemorrhage, and spontaneous uterine rupture up to hysterectomy to save the women’s lives.7 Although its clinical presentation vary between light painless vaginal bleeding and moderate abdominal pain, the accurate diagnosis remained difficult as the false negative results of multiple tests could lead to a life-threatening scenario.8 The ideal pathway of CSP management is widely controversial. However, it is universally agreed that surgery is the unavoidable 1st line of management of women presenting with uterine rupture or severe bleeding. On the other hand, the management of hemodynamically stable diagnosed with CSP might represent a challenge. There were almost 31 primary approaches published to treat CSPs but mostly sporadic and individual cases and their results seemed to be insufficient to conclude clearly which one was the most effective management protocol that leaded to the least adverse events. Thus, there is increased needs to develop a set of practice guidelines for health care professionals considering optimum management of CSP. The aim of this work was to describe the experience of a tertiary care hospital with the diagnosis and treatment of CSP and to explore patients’ complications related to this rare type of ectopic pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00242
A. Altraigey, Sara Taha Mostafaa
Background: Pre-eclampsia carries high risk for pregnant women and their babies to develop a wide range of adverse outcomes. Unfortunately, some medications used in its management causes serious side effects if they were not monitored properly. Magnesium sulphte, being widely used in controlling and preventing convulsions in cases of severe preeclampsia, should be utilized cautiously by monitoring of its serum levels. Objective: The aim of this study was to correlate between cord blood and maternal serum magnesium levels in pre-eclamptic women received magnesium sulphate before delivery. Patients and Methods: Cohort study on 36 pregnant women, more than 28 weeks’ gestation, with the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia, who received magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), were recruited. Blood samples obtained from both maternal serum and cord blood was collected instantly at the time of delivery for detection of magnesium as well as calcium levels. Results: 94.5% were diagnosed with pre-eclampsia, while the rest had HELLP syndrome. The treated women received total mean MgSO4 of 14.4±6.0 grams during a mean duration of 5.1±3.3 hours. Mean±SD of maternal and cord magnesium levels were (2.2±0.4mmol/L) and (1.8±0.3mmol/L), respectively. Significant positive correlation (P<0.001) between maternal magnesium and calcium levels was detected. Also, the total dose as well as the MgSO4 duration with maternal and cord blood magnesium levels showed significant positive correlation (P<0.001), but with inverse correlation with both mother’s and early neonatal calcium levels. Conclusion: Magnesium and calcium detected in maternal serum and cord blood had correlated levels in pre-eclamptic women who were treated with MgSO 4 therapy. As strong correlations of both magnesium and calcium between the mothers and their fetuses were demonstrated, health-care providers could use such information to give better and safer care for these patients.
{"title":"Correlation of neonatal and maternal serum magnesium levels in pre-eclamptic women","authors":"A. Altraigey, Sara Taha Mostafaa","doi":"10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00242","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pre-eclampsia carries high risk for pregnant women and their babies to develop a wide range of adverse outcomes. Unfortunately, some medications used in its management causes serious side effects if they were not monitored properly. Magnesium sulphte, being widely used in controlling and preventing convulsions in cases of severe preeclampsia, should be utilized cautiously by monitoring of its serum levels. Objective: The aim of this study was to correlate between cord blood and maternal serum magnesium levels in pre-eclamptic women received magnesium sulphate before delivery. Patients and Methods: Cohort study on 36 pregnant women, more than 28 weeks’ gestation, with the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia, who received magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), were recruited. Blood samples obtained from both maternal serum and cord blood was collected instantly at the time of delivery for detection of magnesium as well as calcium levels. Results: 94.5% were diagnosed with pre-eclampsia, while the rest had HELLP syndrome. The treated women received total mean MgSO4 of 14.4±6.0 grams during a mean duration of 5.1±3.3 hours. Mean±SD of maternal and cord magnesium levels were (2.2±0.4mmol/L) and (1.8±0.3mmol/L), respectively. Significant positive correlation (P<0.001) between maternal magnesium and calcium levels was detected. Also, the total dose as well as the MgSO4 duration with maternal and cord blood magnesium levels showed significant positive correlation (P<0.001), but with inverse correlation with both mother’s and early neonatal calcium levels. Conclusion: Magnesium and calcium detected in maternal serum and cord blood had correlated levels in pre-eclamptic women who were treated with MgSO 4 therapy. As strong correlations of both magnesium and calcium between the mothers and their fetuses were demonstrated, health-care providers could use such information to give better and safer care for these patients.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00217
M. Hamad, Ali Elamin Nasir Hamad Supervisor, K. Taha, R. M. Taha
Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an oblige intracellular protozoan parasite leading to toxoplasmosis in animals and humans. Principal maternal infection with toxoplasmosis throughout pregnancy is frequently associated with vertical transmission to the fetus. However it is not convinced whether Toxoplasma infection can cause frequent abortion. Justification: There is no formerly published data about the occurrence of toxoplasmosis between aborted women in Atbara district. Objectives: To recognize the Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among aborted women in Atbara district Method: Cross sectional, descriptive study, 152 aborted women from Atbara district were examined for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, three diagnostic techniques were used (latex agglutination, ICT and ELISA). Result: Generally the Seroprevalence rate of Toxoplasma parasite between aborted women according to the techniques used; 33.6 % by latex agglutination, 22.4 % by ICT and 35.5 % by ELISA method. Conclusion: The study conclude that there was high prevalence of toxoplasmosis among the participants and indicated that ELISA is the best serological method for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis between aborted ladies in Atbara district, Sudan","authors":"M. Hamad, Ali Elamin Nasir Hamad Supervisor, K. Taha, R. M. Taha","doi":"10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00217","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an oblige intracellular protozoan parasite leading to toxoplasmosis in animals and humans. Principal maternal infection with toxoplasmosis throughout pregnancy is frequently associated with vertical transmission to the fetus. However it is not convinced whether Toxoplasma infection can cause frequent abortion. Justification: There is no formerly published data about the occurrence of toxoplasmosis between aborted women in Atbara district. Objectives: To recognize the Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among aborted women in Atbara district Method: Cross sectional, descriptive study, 152 aborted women from Atbara district were examined for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, three diagnostic techniques were used (latex agglutination, ICT and ELISA). Result: Generally the Seroprevalence rate of Toxoplasma parasite between aborted women according to the techniques used; 33.6 % by latex agglutination, 22.4 % by ICT and 35.5 % by ELISA method. Conclusion: The study conclude that there was high prevalence of toxoplasmosis among the participants and indicated that ELISA is the best serological method for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67090647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00253
Dilek Orbatu, D. Alaygut, Oya Baltalı
Immigrant and refugee populations are prone to important public health problems and among them, children constitute the most vulnerable subpopulation. In infancy, a sufficient level of vitamin D is important for a healthy development and childhood.1 Vitamin D support is necessary because the infant’s needs are insufficient in breast milk especially within the first 6 months of breastfeeding.2 Since 2012-2015 when the global refugee crisis started, especially Turkey and other high-income countries have faced yearly considerable immigrant and refugee populations and various health problems.3 National health planners need to estimate medical consequences to be caused by the increasing immigrant and refugee influx and make preparations.4 Health problems such as diseases with increasing prevalence and nutritional insufficiencies should be included in that planning.5 Vitamin D deficiency is an important health problem in childhood.5
{"title":"Evaluation of levels of vitamin D in immigrant and refugee children: single center experience","authors":"Dilek Orbatu, D. Alaygut, Oya Baltalı","doi":"10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00253","url":null,"abstract":"Immigrant and refugee populations are prone to important public health problems and among them, children constitute the most vulnerable subpopulation. In infancy, a sufficient level of vitamin D is important for a healthy development and childhood.1 Vitamin D support is necessary because the infant’s needs are insufficient in breast milk especially within the first 6 months of breastfeeding.2 Since 2012-2015 when the global refugee crisis started, especially Turkey and other high-income countries have faced yearly considerable immigrant and refugee populations and various health problems.3 National health planners need to estimate medical consequences to be caused by the increasing immigrant and refugee influx and make preparations.4 Health problems such as diseases with increasing prevalence and nutritional insufficiencies should be included in that planning.5 Vitamin D deficiency is an important health problem in childhood.5","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1745506519878081
Ana Piñas Carrillo, E. Chandraharan
Abnormal invasion of placenta or placenta accreta spectrum disorders refer to the penetration of the trophoblastic tissue through the decidua basalis into the underlying uterine myometrium, the uterine serosa or even beyond, extending to pelvic organs. It is classified depending on the degree of invasion into placenta accreta (invasion <50% of the myometrium), increta (invasion >50% of the myometrium) and percreta (invading the serosa and adjacent pelvic organs). Clinical diagnosis is made intra-operatively; however, the confirmative diagnosis can only be made after a histopathological examination. The incidence of abnormal invasion of placenta has increased worldwide, mostly as a consequence of the rise in caesarean section rates, from 1 in 2500 pregnancies to 1 in 500 pregnancies. The importance of the disease is due to the increased maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. Foetal implications are mainly due to iatrogenic prematurity, while maternal implications are mostly the increased risk of obstetric haemorrhage and surgical complications. The average blood loss is 3000–5000 mL, and up to 90% of the patients require a blood transfusion. An accurate and timely antenatal diagnosis is essential to improve outcomes. The traditional management of abnormal invasion of placenta has been a peripartum hysterectomy; however, the increased incidence and the short- and long-term consequences of a radical approach have led to the development of more conservative techniques, such as the intentional retention of the placenta, partial myometrial excision and the ‘Triple P procedure’. Irrespective of the surgical technique of choice, women with a high suspicion or confirmed abnormally invasive placenta should be managed in a specialist centre with surgical expertise with a multi-disciplinary team who is experienced in managing these complex cases with an immediate availability of blood products, interventional radiology service, an intensive care unit and a neonatal intensive care unit to optimize the outcomes.
{"title":"Placenta accreta spectrum: Risk factors, diagnosis and management with special reference to the Triple P procedure","authors":"Ana Piñas Carrillo, E. Chandraharan","doi":"10.1177/1745506519878081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1745506519878081","url":null,"abstract":"Abnormal invasion of placenta or placenta accreta spectrum disorders refer to the penetration of the trophoblastic tissue through the decidua basalis into the underlying uterine myometrium, the uterine serosa or even beyond, extending to pelvic organs. It is classified depending on the degree of invasion into placenta accreta (invasion <50% of the myometrium), increta (invasion >50% of the myometrium) and percreta (invading the serosa and adjacent pelvic organs). Clinical diagnosis is made intra-operatively; however, the confirmative diagnosis can only be made after a histopathological examination. The incidence of abnormal invasion of placenta has increased worldwide, mostly as a consequence of the rise in caesarean section rates, from 1 in 2500 pregnancies to 1 in 500 pregnancies. The importance of the disease is due to the increased maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. Foetal implications are mainly due to iatrogenic prematurity, while maternal implications are mostly the increased risk of obstetric haemorrhage and surgical complications. The average blood loss is 3000–5000 mL, and up to 90% of the patients require a blood transfusion. An accurate and timely antenatal diagnosis is essential to improve outcomes. The traditional management of abnormal invasion of placenta has been a peripartum hysterectomy; however, the increased incidence and the short- and long-term consequences of a radical approach have led to the development of more conservative techniques, such as the intentional retention of the placenta, partial myometrial excision and the ‘Triple P procedure’. Irrespective of the surgical technique of choice, women with a high suspicion or confirmed abnormally invasive placenta should be managed in a specialist centre with surgical expertise with a multi-disciplinary team who is experienced in managing these complex cases with an immediate availability of blood products, interventional radiology service, an intensive care unit and a neonatal intensive care unit to optimize the outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1745506519878081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44078379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00208
Baydaa Al-Sannan, A. Cheung, Ghadeer Akbar
{"title":"Comparison of hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopy in evaluating the uterine cavity in infertile women","authors":"Baydaa Al-Sannan, A. Cheung, Ghadeer Akbar","doi":"10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67090973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00210
S. Ngwenya
Mpilo Central Hospital is located in Bulawayo and deliveries 9000 deliveries per year. Bulawayo is the second largest city in Zimbabwe after the capital city Harare, with a population of 653, 337 as of the 2012 census.1The unit receives referrals from urban and rural centres. It is located in Matabeleland, 439 km southwest of Harare, on the way to Victoria Falls. In low-resource settings, women with breech presentations have limited choices regarding elective caesarean delivery and vaginal breech delivery due to lack of resources. Some present unbooked and in advanced labour.
{"title":"The incidence and perinatal outcomes of singleton vaginal breech deliveries in a low-resource setting, mpilo central hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe","authors":"S. Ngwenya","doi":"10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00210","url":null,"abstract":"Mpilo Central Hospital is located in Bulawayo and deliveries 9000 deliveries per year. Bulawayo is the second largest city in Zimbabwe after the capital city Harare, with a population of 653, 337 as of the 2012 census.1The unit receives referrals from urban and rural centres. It is located in Matabeleland, 439 km southwest of Harare, on the way to Victoria Falls. In low-resource settings, women with breech presentations have limited choices regarding elective caesarean delivery and vaginal breech delivery due to lack of resources. Some present unbooked and in advanced labour.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00231
F. Movaseghi, F. Movaseghi, Rezvan Rezvani Asl, Nasibeh Kazemi
Purpose: To determine which is the best anthropometric index among body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to stature ratio (WSR) and C index in relation to cardiovascular diseases risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 300 Iranian female college students, aged 18-36 years that were selected via multistage cluster random sampling from university of Fars province. Fasting blood sugar, lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) were estimated by standard enzymatic procedures and anthropometric indices were measured. Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regressions were used in analysis. Results: The correlation between BMI and all cardiovascular diseases risk factors were statistically significant. There was positive correlation between WHR and WSR with TC, TG and LDL, while there was a negative correlation between WSR and HDL. There was no correlation between C index and cardiovascular diseases risk factors except for TG. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the predictive power of BMI, WHR and WSR for cardiovascular diseases risk factors and BMI was the best simple anthropometric index in predicting cardiovascular diseases risk factors in non-obese female college students. Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis that BMI, WSR, WHR and C index may be considered as risk factors for cardiovascular disease and BMI is a better index for predicting some cardiovascular risk factors in young non-obese women.
{"title":"Relationship between body composition indices and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Iranian inactive female college students","authors":"F. Movaseghi, F. Movaseghi, Rezvan Rezvani Asl, Nasibeh Kazemi","doi":"10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00231","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine which is the best anthropometric index among body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to stature ratio (WSR) and C index in relation to cardiovascular diseases risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 300 Iranian female college students, aged 18-36 years that were selected via multistage cluster random sampling from university of Fars province. Fasting blood sugar, lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) were estimated by standard enzymatic procedures and anthropometric indices were measured. Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regressions were used in analysis. Results: The correlation between BMI and all cardiovascular diseases risk factors were statistically significant. There was positive correlation between WHR and WSR with TC, TG and LDL, while there was a negative correlation between WSR and HDL. There was no correlation between C index and cardiovascular diseases risk factors except for TG. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the predictive power of BMI, WHR and WSR for cardiovascular diseases risk factors and BMI was the best simple anthropometric index in predicting cardiovascular diseases risk factors in non-obese female college students. Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis that BMI, WSR, WHR and C index may be considered as risk factors for cardiovascular disease and BMI is a better index for predicting some cardiovascular risk factors in young non-obese women.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00232
M. Ramezani
Background: Tanacetum parthenium L. is one of the most ancient and well-known medicinal plants that its role in the treatment of a wide range of diseases has been studied. This study assessed the probable effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Tanacetum parthenium L. on liver enzymes, including Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)/ Aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Furthermore sexual hormones (progesterone and estrogen) were evaluated in female mice. Materials and Methods: 40 female mice with the mean weight of 30-40 gr were divided into three groups: control, sham, and experimental groups. control group did not receive any drug. Sham group only received normal saline. The experimental groups were injected by 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg doses of Tanacetum parthenium extract intraperitoneally for 15 consecutive days. Finally, animals were anesthetized using ether, blood serum was extracted and the serum concentration of AST, ALP, estrogen and progesterone was measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean serum level of estrogen and progestron was significantly higher in the experimental groups 50 and 100 mg/kg compared to the sham and control groups. Serum levels of and AST and ALP indicated significant decrease only at 50 and 100 mg/kg doses of extract. Conclusion: Active ingredients of Tanacetum parthenium L. may act as an antioxidant to decrease production of free radicals or liver enzymes releasing into the blood through stabilization of hepatocyte membrane. On the other hand, Tanacetum parthenium L. extract may have some effects on hormone concentration that is due to phytoestrogen components, and can increase the estrogen and progestrone levels.
{"title":"Effects of tanacetum parthenium l hydroalcoholic extract on sexual hormones and some liver enzymes","authors":"M. Ramezani","doi":"10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00232","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tanacetum parthenium L. is one of the most ancient and well-known medicinal plants that its role in the treatment of a wide range of diseases has been studied. This study assessed the probable effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Tanacetum parthenium L. on liver enzymes, including Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)/ Aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Furthermore sexual hormones (progesterone and estrogen) were evaluated in female mice. Materials and Methods: 40 female mice with the mean weight of 30-40 gr were divided into three groups: control, sham, and experimental groups. control group did not receive any drug. Sham group only received normal saline. The experimental groups were injected by 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg doses of Tanacetum parthenium extract intraperitoneally for 15 consecutive days. Finally, animals were anesthetized using ether, blood serum was extracted and the serum concentration of AST, ALP, estrogen and progesterone was measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean serum level of estrogen and progestron was significantly higher in the experimental groups 50 and 100 mg/kg compared to the sham and control groups. Serum levels of and AST and ALP indicated significant decrease only at 50 and 100 mg/kg doses of extract. Conclusion: Active ingredients of Tanacetum parthenium L. may act as an antioxidant to decrease production of free radicals or liver enzymes releasing into the blood through stabilization of hepatocyte membrane. On the other hand, Tanacetum parthenium L. extract may have some effects on hormone concentration that is due to phytoestrogen components, and can increase the estrogen and progestrone levels.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00213
Kanika Chopra
Postmenopausal bleeding refers to any uterine bleeding in a menopausal woman, accounting to nearly 5 % of all outpatient visits to a gynaecologist.1 Among the 454 postmenopausal patients in one of the study, final diagnosis was cancer in 6.6% cases, atypical hyperplasia in 0.2%, hyperplasia without atypia in 2%, polyps in 37.7%, fibroid in 6.2%, proliferative/secretory in 14.5% and hypertrophy/atrophy in 30.8% cases.2 The causes of postmenopausal bleeding can be gynaecological or nongynaecological. Among the gynaecological causes it can be either intrauterine or extrauterine and these includes cervical, vaginal, vulval, or from fallopian tube and ovaries. Bleeding from urethra, bladder, anus, rectum, bowel or perineum should also be ruled out.
{"title":"Clinical perspective to postmenopausal bleeding and its diagnostic evaluation: a mini review","authors":"Kanika Chopra","doi":"10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00213","url":null,"abstract":"Postmenopausal bleeding refers to any uterine bleeding in a menopausal woman, accounting to nearly 5 % of all outpatient visits to a gynaecologist.1 Among the 454 postmenopausal patients in one of the study, final diagnosis was cancer in 6.6% cases, atypical hyperplasia in 0.2%, hyperplasia without atypia in 2%, polyps in 37.7%, fibroid in 6.2%, proliferative/secretory in 14.5% and hypertrophy/atrophy in 30.8% cases.2 The causes of postmenopausal bleeding can be gynaecological or nongynaecological. Among the gynaecological causes it can be either intrauterine or extrauterine and these includes cervical, vaginal, vulval, or from fallopian tube and ovaries. Bleeding from urethra, bladder, anus, rectum, bowel or perineum should also be ruled out.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67090590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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