Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.1177/00328855221109818
Margaret Shippen, Nicholas C. Derzis, A. Hall, Sharon Weaver
Even with the dramatic increase in the number of female inmates in state and federal correctional institutions in recent decades, the criminal justice system continues to develop policies based on empirical research from male inmate programming. A shift in focus toward gender-responsive programming is challenging corrections to address women's needs. This study's data are a result of a settlement agreement between the United States Department of Justice (USDOJ) and a state Department of Corrections (DOC) to explore female inmates’ perceptions of sexual and physical safety in the state's largest correctional faculty. The Prison Rape Elimination Act Survey Instrument (PSI) was designed with 15 categories and 76 questions, including demographic data, sexual and physical safety factors, and items related to programs. Results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicate that the instrument has four factors detecting 41% of the variance explained. Recommendations are to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assure that the instrument is psychometrically sound and the factors are verified.
{"title":"An Exploratory Factor Analysis of a Prison Rape Elimination Act Survey in a Women's Prison","authors":"Margaret Shippen, Nicholas C. Derzis, A. Hall, Sharon Weaver","doi":"10.1177/00328855221109818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00328855221109818","url":null,"abstract":"Even with the dramatic increase in the number of female inmates in state and federal correctional institutions in recent decades, the criminal justice system continues to develop policies based on empirical research from male inmate programming. A shift in focus toward gender-responsive programming is challenging corrections to address women's needs. This study's data are a result of a settlement agreement between the United States Department of Justice (USDOJ) and a state Department of Corrections (DOC) to explore female inmates’ perceptions of sexual and physical safety in the state's largest correctional faculty. The Prison Rape Elimination Act Survey Instrument (PSI) was designed with 15 categories and 76 questions, including demographic data, sexual and physical safety factors, and items related to programs. Results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicate that the instrument has four factors detecting 41% of the variance explained. Recommendations are to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assure that the instrument is psychometrically sound and the factors are verified.","PeriodicalId":47409,"journal":{"name":"Prison Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"474 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65353093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1177/00328855221109808
Harrison Golo
Research on prison officers’ understanding and compliance with the international human rights instruments for the protection of prisoners’ rights and guidelines for justice administration remains scanty. Drawing on data from scenario-based interviews of 24 selected prison officers in the four largest prison facilities in Ghana, this article seeks to explore how Ghana prison officers understand and practice these instruments and guidelines that protect the rights of prisoners. Applying content analysis, the findings reveals that the overwhelming majority of officer participants in this study did not have adequate intellectual and practical understanding of these relevant instruments and guidelines.
{"title":"Ghana Prison Officers’ Understanding and Practices of International Human Rights Instruments and Guidelines that Protect the Rights of Prisoners","authors":"Harrison Golo","doi":"10.1177/00328855221109808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00328855221109808","url":null,"abstract":"Research on prison officers’ understanding and compliance with the international human rights instruments for the protection of prisoners’ rights and guidelines for justice administration remains scanty. Drawing on data from scenario-based interviews of 24 selected prison officers in the four largest prison facilities in Ghana, this article seeks to explore how Ghana prison officers understand and practice these instruments and guidelines that protect the rights of prisoners. Applying content analysis, the findings reveals that the overwhelming majority of officer participants in this study did not have adequate intellectual and practical understanding of these relevant instruments and guidelines.","PeriodicalId":47409,"journal":{"name":"Prison Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"439 - 457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41558463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1177/00328855221109824
C. Lamberton, M. Vaughn
Research shows incarcerated women suffer more chronic and/or preexisting health conditions than their male counterparts. Through the lens of federal court litigation pursuant to Title 42 U.S. Code Section 1983, this article discusses women who brought legal challenges, questioning the adequacy of correctional medical care rendered to their chronic and preexisting health conditions. Case law reveals several trends, including multiple disease co-morbidities, malingering, medication administration, free-world specialty care, diagnostic and treatment limitations, and mental illness. The article concludes with policy implications, suggestions for future research, and recommendations for accelerated research on the chronic and/or preexisting health conditions of female prisoners.
{"title":"Correctional Medical Care for Female Prisoners: Legal Issues Surrounding Inadequate Treatment of Chronic and/or Preexisting Health Conditions","authors":"C. Lamberton, M. Vaughn","doi":"10.1177/00328855221109824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00328855221109824","url":null,"abstract":"Research shows incarcerated women suffer more chronic and/or preexisting health conditions than their male counterparts. Through the lens of federal court litigation pursuant to Title 42 U.S. Code Section 1983, this article discusses women who brought legal challenges, questioning the adequacy of correctional medical care rendered to their chronic and preexisting health conditions. Case law reveals several trends, including multiple disease co-morbidities, malingering, medication administration, free-world specialty care, diagnostic and treatment limitations, and mental illness. The article concludes with policy implications, suggestions for future research, and recommendations for accelerated research on the chronic and/or preexisting health conditions of female prisoners.","PeriodicalId":47409,"journal":{"name":"Prison Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"493 - 514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46290399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.1177/00328855221109817
Dawn M. Pflugradt, B. Allen, Stephanie Butler
Although the sociocultural factors impeding successful community re-integration for incarcerated women have been researched extensively, few studies have examined associated psychological influences. This study explored if there was a relationship between self-reported symptoms of anxiety and time to release from prison for a sample of incarcerated women. The results revealed that total self-reported symptoms of anxiety increased as time to release from prison decreased for all offenders regardless of the independent/predictor variable with the exception of age at index offense. The total scores of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) increased as the participants’ age at time of index offenses decreased.
{"title":"The Association Between Anxiety and Time to Community Release in a Sample of Incarcerated Women","authors":"Dawn M. Pflugradt, B. Allen, Stephanie Butler","doi":"10.1177/00328855221109817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00328855221109817","url":null,"abstract":"Although the sociocultural factors impeding successful community re-integration for incarcerated women have been researched extensively, few studies have examined associated psychological influences. This study explored if there was a relationship between self-reported symptoms of anxiety and time to release from prison for a sample of incarcerated women. The results revealed that total self-reported symptoms of anxiety increased as time to release from prison decreased for all offenders regardless of the independent/predictor variable with the exception of age at index offense. The total scores of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) increased as the participants’ age at time of index offenses decreased.","PeriodicalId":47409,"journal":{"name":"Prison Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"458 - 473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49510054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/00328855221095561
Peter Bäckström, M. Danielsson, Louise C. Starfelt Sutton, D. Andersson
To appraise the “real-world” implementation of the risk principle, this study examined the predictive validity of a Risk-Need-Responsivity assessment in the Swedish Prison and Probation Service. Reconviction rates at 24 months follow-up in a cohort of 2,442 offenders were used to assess calibration and discrimination indices. Results indicated acceptable predictive accuracy (AUC = .68–.74), with scope for improvement among young adult offenders. The tool's utility was supported foremost by its ability to screen out low-risk offenders, while over-prediction of recidivism among medium- and high-risk offenders calls for more comprehensive assessment to inform the effective planning of rehabilitative service intensity.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Predictive Validity of a Risk-Need-Responsivity Assessment Tool (RNR-A) in the Swedish Prison and Probation Service","authors":"Peter Bäckström, M. Danielsson, Louise C. Starfelt Sutton, D. Andersson","doi":"10.1177/00328855221095561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00328855221095561","url":null,"abstract":"To appraise the “real-world” implementation of the risk principle, this study examined the predictive validity of a Risk-Need-Responsivity assessment in the Swedish Prison and Probation Service. Reconviction rates at 24 months follow-up in a cohort of 2,442 offenders were used to assess calibration and discrimination indices. Results indicated acceptable predictive accuracy (AUC = .68–.74), with scope for improvement among young adult offenders. The tool's utility was supported foremost by its ability to screen out low-risk offenders, while over-prediction of recidivism among medium- and high-risk offenders calls for more comprehensive assessment to inform the effective planning of rehabilitative service intensity.","PeriodicalId":47409,"journal":{"name":"Prison Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"367 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43133042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/00328855221095532
Linsey A. Belisle, M. P. West, William H. Sousa
The current study is one of few to utilize a randomized controlled trial design to evaluate the effects of a Day Reporting Center (DRC). Individuals on community supervision were randomly assigned to the DRC group or the control group. Path models examined the direct and indirect effects of DRC participation on social outcomes, revocations, and violations. Findings suggest that DRCs might effectively achieve their goals, at least in the short term and for some types of individuals. While these findings suggest that DRCs can be effective, more research is needed before definitive policy implications can be made.
{"title":"What Really Happens in Vegas?: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluation of Nevada's First Day Reporting Center","authors":"Linsey A. Belisle, M. P. West, William H. Sousa","doi":"10.1177/00328855221095532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00328855221095532","url":null,"abstract":"The current study is one of few to utilize a randomized controlled trial design to evaluate the effects of a Day Reporting Center (DRC). Individuals on community supervision were randomly assigned to the DRC group or the control group. Path models examined the direct and indirect effects of DRC participation on social outcomes, revocations, and violations. Findings suggest that DRCs might effectively achieve their goals, at least in the short term and for some types of individuals. While these findings suggest that DRCs can be effective, more research is needed before definitive policy implications can be made.","PeriodicalId":47409,"journal":{"name":"Prison Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"304 - 324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43571469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1177/00328855221095519
Serena Maszak-Prato, Leigh Graham
This study, using data from a state correctional agency, examines the use of segregation for people with serious mental illness in prisons. Our investigation shows deviations from departmental policy regarding the housing of individuals with serious mental illness (SMI); frequent use of segregation as a response to self-harm episodes and suicide attempts; and that people determined to be most impaired by a serious mental illness were typically placed in segregation. These findings suggest that correctional staff need to decouple disciplinary actions and responses from mental health symptoms, and avoid a punitive approach to incidents of self-harm or suicidality.
{"title":"Reducing the Use of Segregation for People with Serious Mental Illness","authors":"Serena Maszak-Prato, Leigh Graham","doi":"10.1177/00328855221095519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00328855221095519","url":null,"abstract":"This study, using data from a state correctional agency, examines the use of segregation for people with serious mental illness in prisons. Our investigation shows deviations from departmental policy regarding the housing of individuals with serious mental illness (SMI); frequent use of segregation as a response to self-harm episodes and suicide attempts; and that people determined to be most impaired by a serious mental illness were typically placed in segregation. These findings suggest that correctional staff need to decouple disciplinary actions and responses from mental health symptoms, and avoid a punitive approach to incidents of self-harm or suicidality.","PeriodicalId":47409,"journal":{"name":"Prison Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"283 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42860742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1177/00328855221095560
Sesen Negash, Patricia N. E. Roberson, Eman Tadros, S. Y. DeJesus
Romantic relationships are often fraught with challenges for individuals post-release. Yet, few relationships-focused services are offered during this important and complex transitional period. Using pre- and post-test survey data, this pilot study of 63 men living in a residential substance treatment facility post release evaluated the impact of a 20-h individual-oriented relationship education (RE) program (Within My Reach) on attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV), sexist beliefs, attitudes toward infidelity, relational efficacy, and relationship decision making. Results showed a significant decrease in support of IPV at pre- and post-test even after controlling for education, number of children, and relationship status.
{"title":"A Brief Relationship Education Pilot Intervention for Men Post Release","authors":"Sesen Negash, Patricia N. E. Roberson, Eman Tadros, S. Y. DeJesus","doi":"10.1177/00328855221095560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00328855221095560","url":null,"abstract":"Romantic relationships are often fraught with challenges for individuals post-release. Yet, few relationships-focused services are offered during this important and complex transitional period. Using pre- and post-test survey data, this pilot study of 63 men living in a residential substance treatment facility post release evaluated the impact of a 20-h individual-oriented relationship education (RE) program (Within My Reach) on attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV), sexist beliefs, attitudes toward infidelity, relational efficacy, and relationship decision making. Results showed a significant decrease in support of IPV at pre- and post-test even after controlling for education, number of children, and relationship status.","PeriodicalId":47409,"journal":{"name":"Prison Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"347 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48293494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.1177/00328855221095518
Katarzyna Celińska, Irina Fanarraga
The present study explores the psychological symptoms of 194 female inmates housed in a northeast state prison. Imprisoned women completed Derogatis’ (2001) Brief Symptom Inventory-18 and responded to questions on the frequency of contact with family and friends via phone calls, letters, and visitations. The results showed significant correlations between psychological symptoms and modes of contact. Multiple regression models revealed that certain types of contact with family and friends had a statistically significant impact on the self-reported psychological symptoms of female inmates. Policy implications and recommendations are discussed.
{"title":"Female Prisoners, Mental Health, and Contact with Family and Friends","authors":"Katarzyna Celińska, Irina Fanarraga","doi":"10.1177/00328855221095518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00328855221095518","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explores the psychological symptoms of 194 female inmates housed in a northeast state prison. Imprisoned women completed Derogatis’ (2001) Brief Symptom Inventory-18 and responded to questions on the frequency of contact with family and friends via phone calls, letters, and visitations. The results showed significant correlations between psychological symptoms and modes of contact. Multiple regression models revealed that certain types of contact with family and friends had a statistically significant impact on the self-reported psychological symptoms of female inmates. Policy implications and recommendations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47409,"journal":{"name":"Prison Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"259 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42973964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.1177/00328855221095538
Noa Granot, Tomer Einat
This study examines the attitudes of 15 male ex-inmates toward heterosexual romantic relationships during imprisonment as viewed retrospectively. The interviewees expressed ambivalence regarding these intimate partnerships, which were a source of difficulty in prison and upon reentry into society. We conclude that prison services could better help inmates to improve these relationships, thus reducing the pains of imprisonment and enhancing their successful social reintegration.
{"title":"“The Course of Love Never Did Run Smooth”: Ex-Inmates’ Attitudes Toward Heterosexual Romantic Relationships","authors":"Noa Granot, Tomer Einat","doi":"10.1177/00328855221095538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00328855221095538","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the attitudes of 15 male ex-inmates toward heterosexual romantic relationships during imprisonment as viewed retrospectively. The interviewees expressed ambivalence regarding these intimate partnerships, which were a source of difficulty in prison and upon reentry into society. We conclude that prison services could better help inmates to improve these relationships, thus reducing the pains of imprisonment and enhancing their successful social reintegration.","PeriodicalId":47409,"journal":{"name":"Prison Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"325 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42709210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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