Lung India最新文献

Abstract: Foreign bodies are commonly seen in children, here presenting a case of a male adult with an impacted thumb pin in the left lower lobe bronchus. Extraction required fiber-optic bronchoscopy, failure of which led to thoracotomy with bronchotomy.

Pneumonia remains the top most killer of under-five Indian children. Pneumonia in children is usually caused by viral or bacterial infections. However, there are some unusual causes of pneumonia that merit consideration when pneumonia is recurrent or persistent.

Context: Obstructive sleep apnoea is less known and lesser practised in dentistry. Dentists often struggle to educate, diagnose or offer treatment to the patient. Hence, the disorder of the patient and the opportunity for the dentist both go unnoticed.

Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding aspects of obstructive sleep apnoea among dental practitioners, faculty and interns in India.

Methods and material: A self-constructed validated questionnaire was prepared and circulated online among dental interns and professionals in India. Responses received from 237 participants were evaluated and statistically analysed.

Results: Only questions about diagnosis and symptoms of OSA were correctly answered by more than 50% of the participants. In all other questions, the knowledge was poor. Only 11.4% of respondents felt that they are well equipped to diagnose OSA. The general attitude of the participants was favourable but with poor practice. Only 5.1% of participants were ever involved in the treatment of OSA.

Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of OSA among the population, along with widespread ignorance among dentists for the same as found in our study, there is an urgent need to spotlight OSA in the dental curriculum at an undergraduate level. To complement this, extensive training and motivation must also be provided so that dental graduates can identify, refer and participate in the treatment of OSA.

The persistent morbidity and mortality associated with tuberculosis (TB), despite our continued efforts, has been long recognized, and the rise in the incidence of drug-resistant TB adds to the preexisting concern. The bulk of the TB burden is confined to low-income countries, and rigorous efforts are made to detect, notify, and systematically treat TB. Efforts have been infused with renewed vigor and determination by the World Health Organization (WHO) to eliminate tuberculosis in the near future. Different health agencies worldwide are harvesting all possible strategies apart from consolidating ongoing practices, including prevention of the development of active disease by treating latent TB infection (LTBI). The guidelines for the same were already provided by the WHO and were then adapted in the Indian guidelines for the treatment of LTBI in 2021. While the long-term impact of TBI treatment is awaited, in this article, we aim to discuss the implications in the Indian context.

Airway mucormycosis is a fatal opportunistic infection typically seen in immunocompromised individuals. In this case report, we present an unusual instance of tracheal stenosis in a patient with diabetes mellitus who had recently recovered from coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Our patient was a 69-year-old male with poorly controlled type-II diabetes mellitus, on oral hypoglycemic agents, who had successfully completed treatment for COVID-19. Approximately one month later, he developed a cough, fever and breathlessness. Several factors, including advanced age, history of smoking and tobacco chewing, the nodular appearance of the trachea on bronchoscopy, hypermetabolic wall of the trachea on positron emission tomography scan and dysplasia on biopsy, initially raised suspicion of malignancy. However, repeated biopsies from multiple sites confirmed the diagnosis of tracheal mucormycosis. The patient was treated with amphotericin-B and posaconazole. We extensively reviewed the literature and found only 14 reported cases to discuss compared to ours.

Introduction: More patients are developing second primary lung cancer (SPLC). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the extent of SPLC resection on outcomes.

Material and methods: We retrospectively investigated 1,895 patients with lung cancer who underwent pulmonary resection from 2011 to 2018. SPLC was diagnosed using the criteria of Martini and Melamed. Patients with pathological stage I SPLC who underwent lobectomy for first primary lung cancer (FPLC) were included in the study. Outcomes and clinical factors that could affect survival were evaluated.

Results: Fifty-four patients were eligible for the study. Lobectomy, segmentectomy, or wedge resection was performed for 10, 32, and 12 patients, respectively. Neither overall nor relapse-free survival was significantly different based on the extent of resection for stage I SPLC. Multivariate analysis revealed that interval between FPLC and SPLC of less than 5 years was an independent risk factors for worse relapse-free survival after SPLC resection (interval: hazard ratio, 0.28; P = 0.048). The median interval from prior resection to secondary resection was 68 months.

Conclusions: Sublobar resection might be a realistic option for stage I SPLC. To realize early detection of SPLC that can undergo radical sublobar resection, the surveillance period after prior resection of FPLC is worth reconsidering.