Hydrogen energy is very promising nowadays due to no or very low carbon emission during energy conversion. Hydrogen as a fuel mainly caters in engines and fuel cells used in the automobile sector. Though there are issues regarding transportation and storage of H2 but research and development is going on to improve such issues. Commercial vehicles are already in the streets worldwide powered by H2. India is also not far behind. To develop the hydrogen economy throughout the country, India has launched the National Hydrogen Mission which focuses on generation of blue and green hydrogen. There are several ways to generate H2 out of which electrolysis is one of the simple and clean technologies. H2 generation through electrolysis is very much dependent on the ambient parameters. Tropical climatic regions have several weather seasons throughout the year which have direct impact on the H2 generation through electrolysis. In this study, a simulation has been carried out for green H2 generation with a PV powered electrolyzer with the help of MATL-AB Simulink simscape module by taking all the ambient parameters of a tropical region in India and the effect of seasonal variation on H2 generation has been evaluated. It has been observed that due to changes in ambient conditions monthly electrolyzer efficiency varies from 59.11% for the month of July to 66.06% for the month of March on and overall system efficiency on monthly basis with PV Module-DC/DC Converter-Electrolyzer varies from 9.8 to 10.4%.
{"title":"Simulation Study on the Seasonal Variation of Solar PV based Green Hydrogen Generation in Tropical Climatic Region in India","authors":"Iftikar Ahmed, Biswajit Biswas, Ratan Mandal, Tapan Kumar Parya, Kunal Chowdhury","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x2360090x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x2360090x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>Hydrogen energy is very promising nowadays due to no or very low carbon emission during energy conversion. Hydrogen as a fuel mainly caters in engines and fuel cells used in the automobile sector. Though there are issues regarding transportation and storage of H<sub>2</sub> but research and development is going on to improve such issues. Commercial vehicles are already in the streets worldwide powered by H<sub>2</sub>. India is also not far behind. To develop the hydrogen economy throughout the country, India has launched the National Hydrogen Mission which focuses on generation of blue and green hydrogen. There are several ways to generate H<sub>2</sub> out of which electrolysis is one of the simple and clean technologies. H<sub>2</sub> generation through electrolysis is very much dependent on the ambient parameters. Tropical climatic regions have several weather seasons throughout the year which have direct impact on the H<sub>2</sub> generation through electrolysis. In this study, a simulation has been carried out for green H<sub>2</sub> generation with a PV powered electrolyzer with the help of MATL-AB Simulink simscape module by taking all the ambient parameters of a tropical region in India and the effect of seasonal variation on H<sub>2</sub> generation has been evaluated. It has been observed that due to changes in ambient conditions monthly electrolyzer efficiency varies from 59.11% for the month of July to 66.06% for the month of March on and overall system efficiency on monthly basis with PV Module-DC/DC Converter-Electrolyzer varies from 9.8 to 10.4%.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The solar air heaters fabricated from plastics could reduce both material and fabrication costs. However, those fabricated from conventional plastics such as PVC suffer from the fundamental drawback that they cannot withstand higher temperatures. This work aims at fabricating a plastic solar air heater (PSAH) using chlorinated poly vinyl chloride (CPVC) and experimentally investigating its performance with cover made of 0.5 mm thick polyethylene and that without cover. To examine the effectiveness of PSAH at a tilt angle of 30°, all investigations were carried out at the University campus of Manipal, Dubai (25°08′00.1″ 55°25′31.0″ E) at an average global solar irradiation of 290 W/m2and average ambient temperature of 33–37.7°C from April16 to May 20, independently, for the two situations: with and without covers. The temperature rise of the air was recorded in both the inlet and outflow at different intervals by adjusting the MFRs of the air in steps of 0.025 kg/s, ranging from 0.02 to 0.055 kg/s. Energy efficiency (ηenergy), exergy efficiency (ηexergy) of the collector, coefficient of hydraulic resistance, pressure drop, heat loss factor and thermal and optical heat losses were evaluated at various mass flow rates (MFR) of air as well as with the time of the day. It was found that the highest collector’s ηenergy is found as 30 and 70.6% respectively for PSAH without cover and with cover with a constant inflow of air at 0.05 kg/s while the highest ηexergy is observed to be 17.8 and 26.1% respectively at an MFR of 0.03 kg/s. Collector’s ηenergy increases with an increase in MFR of air while ηexergy shows the reverse trend. The highest rise in temperature of air was found to be 14.5 and 44oC for PSAH without and with covers respectively. The coefficient of hydraulic resistance and pressure drop were observed to be insignificant. The overall heat loss coefficient for convection is calculated for PSAH without and with top covers respectively to be 3.7 and 2.4 W/m2 K. The maximum rates of thermal and optical losses were also calculated for PSAH without and with top covers to be 140, 75 W and 102 and 42 W respectively. Thus, the useful energy without and with top covers is 38 and 59% respectively of the total energy supplied by the PSAH (345 W).
{"title":"Energy and Exergy Analyses of Plastic Solar Air Heater Developed from Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes","authors":"Seelam Venkata Kota Reddy, Kavati Venkateswarlu, Faisal Akram, Anuj Prasanth, Aswyn Patrick, Nabeel Ahmed, Swapnesh Panicker, Tooba Shariff","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x2360087x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x2360087x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The solar air heaters fabricated from plastics could reduce both material and fabrication costs. However, those fabricated from conventional plastics such as PVC suffer from the fundamental drawback that they cannot withstand higher temperatures. This work aims at fabricating a plastic solar air heater (PSAH) using chlorinated poly vinyl chloride (CPVC) and experimentally investigating its performance with cover made of 0.5 mm thick polyethylene and that without cover. To examine the effectiveness of PSAH at a tilt angle of 30°, all investigations were carried out at the University campus of Manipal, Dubai (25°08′00.1″ 55°25′31.0″ E) at an average global solar irradiation of 290 W/m<sup>2</sup>and average ambient temperature of 33–37.7°C from April16 to May 20, independently, for the two situations: with and without covers. The temperature rise of the air was recorded in both the inlet and outflow at different intervals by adjusting the MFRs of the air in steps of 0.025 kg/s, ranging from 0.02 to 0.055 kg/s. Energy efficiency (η<sub>energy</sub>), exergy efficiency (η<sub>exergy</sub>) of the collector, coefficient of hydraulic resistance, pressure drop, heat loss factor and thermal and optical heat losses were evaluated at various mass flow rates (MFR) of air as well as with the time of the day. It was found that the highest collector’s η<sub>energy</sub> is found as 30 and 70.6% respectively for PSAH without cover and with cover with a constant inflow of air at 0.05 kg/s while the highest η<sub>exergy</sub> is observed to be 17.8 and 26.1% respectively at an MFR of 0.03 kg/s. Collector’s η<sub>energy</sub> increases with an increase in MFR of air while η<sub>exergy</sub> shows the reverse trend. The highest rise in temperature of air was found to be 14.5 and 44<sup>o</sup>C for PSAH without and with covers respectively. The coefficient of hydraulic resistance and pressure drop were observed to be insignificant. The overall heat loss coefficient for convection is calculated for PSAH without and with top covers respectively to be 3.7 and 2.4 W/m<sup>2</sup> K. The maximum rates of thermal and optical losses were also calculated for PSAH without and with top covers to be 140, 75 W and 102 and 42 W respectively. Thus, the useful energy without and with top covers is 38 and 59% respectively of the total energy supplied by the PSAH (345 W).</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-23DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x23600200
B. S. Rasakhodzhaev, A. R. Khamdamov
Abstract
The paper presents the results of experiments with a solar greenhouse used to ensure the most favorable temperature regime. In order to provide thermal insulation and reduce heat losses, a solar greenhouse structure with an arched shape and a total area of 200 m2 has been developed. It is located directly in the ground, at a depth of 0.5 m and a height of 4.0 m above ground. The total height of the greenhouse is 4.5 m, the length is 20 m, and the width is 10 m. These dimensions comply with the standards established in KMK 2.09.08-97 Greenhouses and Hotbeds. On the outer part of the solar greenhouse, a layer of dry straw with sufficient permeability to sunlight is placed between two transparent enclosures during the winter period for thermal insulation. This significantly reduces heat losses through the top transparent surface and enhances the greenhouse effect. This transparent enclosure design allows heavy mechanical loads, is resistant to mechanical cleaning processes, and at the same time, has high thermal insulation properties. By using the solar greenhouse structure with the energy flow scheme presented, a more homogeneous air environment with temperature inside the greenhouse can be achieved, even during daily fluctuations in the temperature of the surrounding air. The temperature and humidity parameters inside the solar greenhouse vary due to the absorption of solar radiation from the ground surface and the evaporation of moisture from the soil. The results of the experiments show that the solar greenhouse based on our energy flow scheme, using the ground as thermal insulation, significantly reduces heat losses through the floor. The method of insulation between two transparent enclosures provides a more homogeneous air environment with air temperature inside the greenhouse, despite significant daily fluctuations in the temperature of the surrounding air, and effective accumulation of solar energy inside the solar greenhouse.
{"title":"Research of the Energy Efficient System of a Solar Greenhouse with Solar Energy Storage","authors":"B. S. Rasakhodzhaev, A. R. Khamdamov","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600200","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The paper presents the results of experiments with a solar greenhouse used to ensure the most favorable temperature regime. In order to provide thermal insulation and reduce heat losses, a solar greenhouse structure with an arched shape and a total area of 200 m<sup>2</sup> has been developed. It is located directly in the ground, at a depth of 0.5 m and a height of 4.0 m above ground. The total height of the greenhouse is 4.5 m, the length is 20 m, and the width is 10 m. These dimensions comply with the standards established in KMK 2.09.08-97 Greenhouses and Hotbeds. On the outer part of the solar greenhouse, a layer of dry straw with sufficient permeability to sunlight is placed between two transparent enclosures during the winter period for thermal insulation. This significantly reduces heat losses through the top transparent surface and enhances the greenhouse effect. This transparent enclosure design allows heavy mechanical loads, is resistant to mechanical cleaning processes, and at the same time, has high thermal insulation properties. By using the solar greenhouse structure with the energy flow scheme presented, a more homogeneous air environment with temperature inside the greenhouse can be achieved, even during daily fluctuations in the temperature of the surrounding air. The temperature and humidity parameters inside the solar greenhouse vary due to the absorption of solar radiation from the ground surface and the evaporation of moisture from the soil. The results of the experiments show that the solar greenhouse based on our energy flow scheme, using the ground as thermal insulation, significantly reduces heat losses through the floor. The method of insulation between two transparent enclosures provides a more homogeneous air environment with air temperature inside the greenhouse, despite significant daily fluctuations in the temperature of the surrounding air, and effective accumulation of solar energy inside the solar greenhouse.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-23DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x23601515
Basra Sultana, A. T. M. Saiful Islam, Md. Dulal Haque, Abdul Kuddus
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) chalcogenides, particularly antimony selenide (Sb2Se3), have gained attention as promising semiconductor materials in order to creat and advancement of competitive solar cells. These materials exhibit a range of desirable qualities, such as excellent absorption rate, ability to modify band gap, and plentiful in the crust of the earth. This article describes an antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) absorber based high-efficient thin film solar cell (TFSC) with copper oxide (Cu2O) as as back surface field (BSF) by dint of Al/ITO/TiO2/Sb2Se3/Cu2O/Ni heterostructure using SCAPS-1D Simulator. This research entails an in-depth assessment of various physical and electrical characteristics of every solar active semiconductorof TiO2,Sb2Se3, and Cu2O covering the thickness of each layer, concentration of carrier doping, defect density in the bulk and at the interface, carrier generation rate together with recombination. Initially, the variation in photovoltaic parameters of open circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), power conversion efficiency (PCE), and quantum efficiency (QE) investigated without the BSF layer, followed by a comprehensive analysis on the role of Cu2O BSF layer for enhancing cell’s performance explored systematically. The proposed heterostructure shows improved PCE of over 32% (which was 21% without BSF) with JSC of 37.492 mA/cm2, VOC of 1.024 V, and FF of 83.595%. Thus, the utilisation of a heterostructure comprising Sb2Se3 absorber and copper oxide Cu2O BSF layer demonstrates significant promise in the development and production the high-efficiency greenery thin-film solar cells (TFSCs).
{"title":"Cu2O-Enhanced Back Surface Field Empowers Selenium-Based TiO2/Sb2Se3 Thin Film Solar Cells to Achieve Efficiency over 32%","authors":"Basra Sultana, A. T. M. Saiful Islam, Md. Dulal Haque, Abdul Kuddus","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601515","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Antimony (Sb) chalcogenides, particularly antimony selenide (Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>), have gained attention as promising semiconductor materials in order to creat and advancement of competitive solar cells. These materials exhibit a range of desirable qualities, such as excellent absorption rate, ability to modify band gap, and plentiful in the crust of the earth. This article describes an antimony selenide (Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>) absorber based high-efficient thin film solar cell (TFSC) with copper oxide (Cu<sub>2</sub>O) as as back surface field (BSF) by dint of Al/ITO/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/Ni heterostructure using SCAPS-1D Simulator. This research entails an in-depth assessment of various physical and electrical characteristics of every solar active semiconductorof TiO<sub>2</sub>,Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>, and Cu<sub>2</sub>O covering the thickness of each layer, concentration of carrier doping, defect density in the bulk and at the interface, carrier generation rate together with recombination. Initially, the variation in photovoltaic parameters of open circuit voltage (<i>V</i><sub>oc</sub>), short-circuit current density (<i>J</i><sub>sc</sub>), fill factor (FF), power conversion efficiency (PCE), and quantum efficiency (QE) investigated without the BSF layer, followed by a comprehensive analysis on the role of Cu<sub>2</sub>O BSF layer for enhancing cell’s performance explored systematically. The proposed heterostructure shows improved PCE of over 32% (which was 21% without BSF) with <i>J</i><sub>SC</sub> of 37.492 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, <i>V</i><sub>OC</sub> of 1.024 V, and FF of 83.595%. Thus, the utilisation of a heterostructure comprising Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> absorber and copper oxide Cu<sub>2</sub>O BSF layer demonstrates significant promise in the development and production the high-efficiency greenery thin-film solar cells (TFSCs).</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-23DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x2360193x
Yaroslav A. Menshikov, Oleg S. Popel, Alexey B. Tarasenko
Abstract
The research has been devoted to benefits for heterojunction silicon PV panels application evaluation. Evaluation has been conducted through numerical simulation and field tests in Moscow conditions. During simulation PV array year energy yields for HJT monocrystalline Si panels have been derived for 2013–2018 years using NASA Power initial satellite data on solar radiation daily sums. Experimental investigation has been realized through multicrystalline and HJT panel comparative test using test bed, simulating small off-grid power unit. Specific energy yield of panel (ratio of energy yield for given period of time to the panel peak power) has been chosen as a criterion for panels operation comparison in both cases. The research novelty is concerned with attempt to estimate additional energy, produced due to amorphous silicon layer presence by means of field tests in different weather conditions. Calculation showed no benefits for HJT PV panels. Experimental research showed that up to 5–6 kWh/m2/day solar radiation sum value HJT panel provides 1–20% power output gain relatively multicrystalline panel with maximum gain of 14–16% in range of 2–2.5 kWh/m2/day solar radiation sum values.
{"title":"Heterojunction-with-Intrinsic-Thin-Layer Photovoltaic Panels Operation—Numerical Simulation and Outdoor Tests in Moscow","authors":"Yaroslav A. Menshikov, Oleg S. Popel, Alexey B. Tarasenko","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x2360193x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x2360193x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>The research has been devoted to benefits for heterojunction silicon PV panels application evaluation. Evaluation has been conducted through numerical simulation and field tests in Moscow conditions. During simulation PV array year energy yields for HJT monocrystalline Si panels have been derived for 2013–2018 years using NASA Power initial satellite data on solar radiation daily sums. Experimental investigation has been realized through multicrystalline and HJT panel comparative test using test bed, simulating small off-grid power unit. Specific energy yield of panel (ratio of energy yield for given period of time to the panel peak power) has been chosen as a criterion for panels operation comparison in both cases. The research novelty is concerned with attempt to estimate additional energy, produced due to amorphous silicon layer presence by means of field tests in different weather conditions. Calculation showed no benefits for HJT PV panels. Experimental research showed that up to 5–6 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>/day solar radiation sum value HJT panel provides 1–20% power output gain relatively multicrystalline panel with maximum gain of 14–16% in range of 2–2.5 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>/day solar radiation sum values.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-23DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x23600960
Nashil Sowaruth, Raviduth Ramful
Abstract
Solar energy is one of the most abundant forms of renewable energies for countries located in the tropics like Mauritius. Further interests and initiatives have been observed in recent years to harness solar energy in Mauritius. One way to maximize the capture of solar energy is by considering solar trackers which can be a fundamental part in modern photovoltaic (PV) setups. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of a low-cost solar tracker fitted with an innovative tracking mechanism to harness solar energy in Mauritius. In this study, a low-cost system was designed to harness solar energy efficiently by virtue of a tracking mechanism based on a novel ball-joint system to provide charging power to portable devices even in remote places. An intelligent charging circuitry was incorporated not only to provide power for any connected devices but also to keep the system running in conditions of low sunlight. The efficiency assessment of the solar tracker was conducted on a real scale prototype, which was constructed by considering off-the-shelf materials to keep an overall low manufacturing cost. Test results showed that the innovative tracking mechanism could successfully track the sun path. This contributed to an overall increase in the nominal power generation of the solar tracker, which was found to be around 15 W in contrast to the static panel which was around 10 W. Moreover, the charging duration of the portable devices from the charging unit in the solar tracker was found to be similar when compared to the one corresponding to direct charge from the mains. The developed and tested prototype in this study has shown the benefits of using a solar tracking device to capture and generate solar energy and clean power respectively which could be further developed and refined on a larger scale for mass commercialization as portable power-generating devices.
{"title":"Analysis of a Dual-Axis 20W-Rated Photovoltaic Solar Tracker","authors":"Nashil Sowaruth, Raviduth Ramful","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600960","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>Solar energy is one of the most abundant forms of renewable energies for countries located in the tropics like Mauritius. Further interests and initiatives have been observed in recent years to harness solar energy in Mauritius. One way to maximize the capture of solar energy is by considering solar trackers which can be a fundamental part in modern photovoltaic (PV) setups. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of a low-cost solar tracker fitted with an innovative tracking mechanism to harness solar energy in Mauritius. In this study, a low-cost system was designed to harness solar energy efficiently by virtue of a tracking mechanism based on a novel ball-joint system to provide charging power to portable devices even in remote places. An intelligent charging circuitry was incorporated not only to provide power for any connected devices but also to keep the system running in conditions of low sunlight. The efficiency assessment of the solar tracker was conducted on a real scale prototype, which was constructed by considering off-the-shelf materials to keep an overall low manufacturing cost. Test results showed that the innovative tracking mechanism could successfully track the sun path. This contributed to an overall increase in the nominal power generation of the solar tracker, which was found to be around 15 W in contrast to the static panel which was around 10 W. Moreover, the charging duration of the portable devices from the charging unit in the solar tracker was found to be similar when compared to the one corresponding to direct charge from the mains. The developed and tested prototype in this study has shown the benefits of using a solar tracking device to capture and generate solar energy and clean power respectively which could be further developed and refined on a larger scale for mass commercialization as portable power-generating devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article deals with the characterization of photovoltaic (PV) panels using current-voltage (I–V) tracers. It focuses on the realization of a low cost and real-time I–V tracer that uses an inexpensive DC/DC converter, a fixed load and sensors for measuring current and voltage of the PV Panel. Additionally, a data acquisition interface (DAI) is developed to collect real-time PV data under different weather conditions. The developed tracer reduces testing time for PV panel characterization compared with classical methods. In order to evaluate the performance of the developed tracer, we analyze the electrical parameters to which the electronic equipment is exposed and contrasts the advantages of the suggested technique and disadvantages of the classical method of measurement (i.e., using multimers), taking a variety of criteria including accuracy into account. For further validation, we compare the experimental PV characteristics to the simulated PV curves obtained using a single diode model.
{"title":"Design and Realization of a Photovoltaic Tracer using DC/DC Converter","authors":"Abdelilah Khlifi, Yamina Khlifi, Mohamed Larbi Elhafyani","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601321","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>This article deals with the characterization of photovoltaic (PV) panels using current-voltage (I–V) tracers. It focuses on the realization of a low cost and real-time I–V tracer that uses an inexpensive DC/DC converter, a fixed load and sensors for measuring current and voltage of the PV Panel. Additionally, a data acquisition interface (DAI) is developed to collect real-time PV data under different weather conditions. The developed tracer reduces testing time for PV panel characterization compared with classical methods. In order to evaluate the performance of the developed tracer, we analyze the electrical parameters to which the electronic equipment is exposed and contrasts the advantages of the suggested technique and disadvantages of the classical method of measurement (i.e., using multimers), taking a variety of criteria including accuracy into account. For further validation, we compare the experimental PV characteristics to the simulated PV curves obtained using a single diode model.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x23601746
I. N. Nurgaliev, M. B. Marasulov, N. R. Ashurov
Abstract
Using methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) as an example, the process of complexation of molecular particles from solution at the initial stage of crystallization was studied using calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). The calculations were carried out taking into account solvents widely used in experiments: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (N-MP) to analyze the structure and energy of iodoplumbate complexes in the form of simple complex [PbImXn]2– m and polymeric iodoplumbates ([PbImXn]2– m)x. Reaction schemes for the formation of MAPbI3 in DMSO and DMF solvents, as well as in DMF–DMSO and DMF–N–MP binary solvents, are proposed based on the calculated energies. Calculations showed the important role of NH–O hydrogen bonds in the formation of iodoplumbate monomers, as well as the imbalance of the energies of the complexes at several elementary stages of the reaction in various solvents (the formation of [PbI4Xn]2– is favorable; the formation of [PbI5Xn]3– is slowed down. Mixing a small amount of DMSO with DMF results in a better energy balance and, therefore, potentially better equilibrium in the overall crystallization process, and thus a better quality of the perovskite crystal structure.
{"title":"The Role of Specific Interactions in the Formation of Perovskite Structures","authors":"I. N. Nurgaliev, M. B. Marasulov, N. R. Ashurov","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601746","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<i>Abstract</i>\u0000</h3><p>Using methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) as an example, the process of complexation of molecular particles from solution at the initial stage of crystallization was studied using calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). The calculations were carried out taking into account solvents widely used in experiments: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (N-MP) to analyze the structure and energy of iodoplumbate complexes in the form of simple complex [PbI<sub><i>m</i></sub>X<sub><i>n</i></sub>]<sup>2</sup> <sup><i>– m</i></sup> and polymeric iodoplumbates ([PbI<sub><i>m</i></sub>X<sub><i>n</i></sub>]<sup>2</sup> <sup><i>– m</i></sup>)<sub><i>x</i></sub>. Reaction schemes for the formation of MAPbI<sub>3</sub> in DMSO and DMF solvents, as well as in DMF–DMSO and DMF–N–MP binary solvents, are proposed based on the calculated energies. Calculations showed the important role of NH–O hydrogen bonds in the formation of iodoplumbate monomers, as well as the imbalance of the energies of the complexes at several elementary stages of the reaction in various solvents (the formation of [PbI<sub>4</sub>X<sub><i>n</i></sub>]<sup>2–</sup> is favorable; the formation of [PbI<sub>5</sub>X<sub><i>n</i></sub>]<sup>3–</sup> is slowed down. Mixing a small amount of DMSO with DMF results in a better energy balance and, therefore, potentially better equilibrium in the overall crystallization process, and thus a better quality of the perovskite crystal structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x23600984
V. S. Kalinovskii, E. I. Terukov, S. N. Abolmasov, K. K. Prudchenko, E. V. Kontrosh, I. A. Tolkachev, A. V. Kochergin, A. S. Titov, O. K. Ataboev
Abstract
This article attempts to assess the radiation resistance of heterostructure silicon solar cells to the effects of 1 MeV electrons and discusses their prospects for power supply of the global low-orbit satellite communication system. The data obtained from this study allow us to identify the most promising types of heterostructure silicon solar cells for use in low-orbit spacecraft. These are n-α-Si:H-(p)c-Si:Ga-p-α-Si:H and n-µc-Si:H-(p)c-Si:Ga-p-α-Si:H solar cells. The degradation in efficiency of these structures was less than 30% by 1 × 1015 cm–2 fluence of 1 MeV electrons.
{"title":"Studies of Degradation Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells by 1 MeV Electrons Irradiation","authors":"V. S. Kalinovskii, E. I. Terukov, S. N. Abolmasov, K. K. Prudchenko, E. V. Kontrosh, I. A. Tolkachev, A. V. Kochergin, A. S. Titov, O. K. Ataboev","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600984","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This article attempts to assess the radiation resistance of heterostructure silicon solar cells to the effects of 1 MeV electrons and discusses their prospects for power supply of the global low-orbit satellite communication system. The data obtained from this study allow us to identify the most promising types of heterostructure silicon solar cells for use in low-orbit spacecraft. These are n-α-Si:H-(p)c-Si:Ga-p-α-Si:H and n-µc-Si:H-(p)c-Si:Ga-p-α-Si:H solar cells. The degradation in efficiency of these structures was less than 30% by 1 × 10<sup>15</sup> cm<sup>–2</sup> fluence of 1 MeV electrons.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x23600893
Hala J. El-Khozondar, Mohammed M. Shabat
Abstract
This study presents a novel four-layer solar cell design, composed of NiOx embedded in glass on top of a perovskite layer and SnO2 substrate. Incident light enters through the glass layer and exits through the substrate into the surrounding air. A novel graded index of the composite layer is proposed where the refractive index varies with the vertical distance from the glass interface. Using the Maple program, we calculate the transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance powers of the proposed solar cells, while examining the influence of different parameters on these powers. Our findings indicate that the transmittance, reflection, and absorption powers are sensitive to changes in layer thickness. Specifically, we observe that the absorbance power approaches unity for longer wavelengths while remaining above 0.7 for shorter wavelengths. Furthermore, we propose integrating this cell into a tandem solar cell configuration, where it can complement another cell by providing support in longer wavelengths and high absorbance in shorter wavelengths.
摘要 本研究提出了一种新颖的四层太阳能电池设计，由嵌在玻璃中的 NiOx、过氧化物层和二氧化锡衬底组成。入射光从玻璃层进入，再从衬底射入周围的空气中。我们提出了一种新颖的复合层分级折射率，即折射率随玻璃界面垂直距离的变化而变化。我们使用 Maple 程序计算了拟议太阳能电池的透射率、反射率和吸收率，同时研究了不同参数对这些功率的影响。我们的研究结果表明，透射、反射和吸收功率对层厚度的变化非常敏感。具体来说，我们观察到，在较长的波长下，吸收功率接近于 1，而在较短的波长下，吸收功率保持在 0.7 以上。此外，我们还建议将这种电池集成到串联太阳能电池配置中，通过在较长的波长上提供支持和在较短的波长上提供高吸收率来补充另一种电池。
{"title":"Investigating the Performance of Graded Index Nanocomposite-Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Hala J. El-Khozondar, Mohammed M. Shabat","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600893","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This study presents a novel four-layer solar cell design, composed of NiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> embedded in glass on top of a perovskite layer and SnO<sub>2</sub> substrate. Incident light enters through the glass layer and exits through the substrate into the surrounding air. A novel graded index of the composite layer is proposed where the refractive index varies with the vertical distance from the glass interface. Using the Maple program, we calculate the transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance powers of the proposed solar cells, while examining the influence of different parameters on these powers. Our findings indicate that the transmittance, reflection, and absorption powers are sensitive to changes in layer thickness. Specifically, we observe that the absorbance power approaches unity for longer wavelengths while remaining above 0.7 for shorter wavelengths. Furthermore, we propose integrating this cell into a tandem solar cell configuration, where it can complement another cell by providing support in longer wavelengths and high absorbance in shorter wavelengths.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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