Applied Solar Energy最新文献

The solar adsorption cooling (SAC) system driven by a flat-type solar collector was investigated in this study. The adsorber is heated by solar energy and contains activated carbon-methanol as a working pair. The modulation is based on the first law of thermodynamics to determine all forms of energy interactions at each phase of the thermodynamic cycle of the SAC system. Some assumptions are taken into consideration to develop the model. The Dubinin–Astakhov model was used to calculate the adsorbate mass in the adsorbent. Additionally, REFPROP-NIST (V 8.0, 2007) was used to determine the thermodynamic properties of the adsorbate. A numerical simulation program was developed in FORTRAN to solve the model using the Simpson method. The model is validated with published research. The results obtained from the simulation of the model were analyzed and presented to explain the effects of different operating conditions on the performance of the adsorption cycle. The system’s total heat input ({{Q}_{{{text{in}}}}}) is found to be 3377.35 kJ, while its total cold production ({{Q}_{{{text{ev}}}}}) is 1640.29 kJ, corresponding to a total daily ice produced of 3.65 kg. Furthermore, the system achieved a cycle ({text{CO}}{{{text{P}}}_{{{text{th}}}}}) of 0.4857. A large amount (61%) of the total heat input is used in the desorption process; about 10% is utilized by the adsorbate, the adsorbent uses 25%, and the adsorber’s metal cover uses the remaining 4%. Also, an analysis of the results indicates that the thermal performance coefficient (({text{CO}}{{{text{P}}}_{{{text{th}}}}})) decreases with increased ambient and condensation temperatures. Furthermore, an increase in the evaporation temperature leads to an increase in the thermal performance coefficient.

This work investigates the impact of environmental changes on the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel system. To analyze the impact, we first study the effect of the current climatic parameters on the evolution of the output energy of two solar photovoltaic modules, such as irradiance, temperature and wind speed. Meteorological data was acquired using specific sensors for temperature, irradiance, and wind speed; these data have been initially conditioned by using of 34972A LXI data acquisition and thereafter, interfaced to a PC using IEEE 488.2 general purpose interface bus (GPIB). We use the LabVIEW real-time interface to display and store the collected data in the PC. Finally, from the data stored, we have carried out the discussions on the experimental results-based data driven analysis using clustered heatmap which supports the approval of this impact using climate forecasts and strategy to adopt for an efficient and economical used and consequently a solar photovoltaic energy under climatic constraints is proposed.

Lithium-ion batteries are receiving much attention for powering different electrical systems. During charging and discharging, heat generated may cause a fire. Maintaining a low surface temperature is crucial for the safety of the batteries. The uniform temperature distribution is critical to achieve. Flow through the channel has been used for the active cooling of batteries. Air, water and nanofluid are the fluids utilized in the dynamic cooling system. In the present study, we replace the channel configuration with a triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) sheet made of AlSi10Mg with a thickness of 1 cm. The heat generated using 1C and 4C class of batteries is used. The numerical simulation using COMSOL software investigated different types of TPMS thermal performance. A solid gyroid network is the most suitable for such an application compared to a diamond network and I-graph and wrapped package graph (IWP) network for identical porosity. It is found that besides uniform temperature distribution compared to traditional channel configuration, there is an increase of the Nusselt number of 85% compared to the channel configuration. The performance evaluation criteria are increased by 40% compared to the channel configuration. The surface area of the TPMS plays a crucial role in heat extraction. Two parameters that confirmed the performance of the solid gyroid network are the performance evaluation criterion and the perforated ratio. Both indicated that the reliable gyroid network having a porosity of 0.5 is more effective in heat removal for this application.

Driven by the scarcity of sufficient rooftop areas for PV installation in urban locations, this work assesses the performance and economic considerations of alternative vertical PV installations. A quantitative model-based analysis was conducted to estimate the percentage decrease in output of vertically installed PV modules. The results demonstrate that although vertical installations, driven by a shortage of rooftop space, do indeed result in reduced output, this decrease is deemed acceptable in many scenarios. For installations at high and medium latitude angles above 45°, vertical PV output reaches between 80 to 90% of that at the optimum tilt angle installation, and even surpasses horizontally installed panels for these latitudes. At latitudes between 25° and 45°, the vertical output ranges from 60 to 80% of the optimum, dropping to approximately 50% at latitudes within 20° of the equators. In all cases, the output loss can be easily offset with only a few percent additional cost associated with installing additional PV panels. Additionally, vertical systems collect less dust and require less cleaning. However, the complete system installation costs associated with vertical walls compared to rooftops are subject to specific circumstances and may still impede widespread adoption in some cases. It is expected that these costs will decrease through the implementation of innovations in this area. Examples of such innovations include PV-integrated glass windows and flexible PV panels. In conclusion, vertical wall-installed PV panels can indeed offer a viable alternative to rooftop installation in buildings with limited rooftop space.

The main objective of this work is to enhance the performance of the Photovoltaic water pumping system to cover the water requirement in rural areas. To do so, it is important to make sure that the PV array produces its maximum power at all times, which can be influenced by external condition (mainly the temperature and irradiation). Hence, we are employing the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System based MPPT in two ways. The ANFIS controller is considered more accurate and efficient as it uses an artificial neural network to learn from training data and generate fuzzy rules based on that data. Both approaches of ANFIS are used to control the duty cycle of the SEPIC converter, which connects the PV panel to the DC motor feeding the water pump. The system combining the PV panel, the SEPIC converter, the controller and the DC motor, is designed and simulated under MATLAB/Simulink. The performance of the proposed methods is tested under various meteorological conditions.

Through tapping into the boundless resources provided by the sea and sun, scientists have created a sustainable and cost-effective drinking water supply using solar-powered desalination. In this manuscript, utilizing gravels, sand and wick materials as the energy storage medium is one of the key sustainability modifications made for bettering the rate of evaporation within solar stills, hence enhancing the freshwater yield. Here, experiments on a single basin solar still with and without energy storage components have been carried out. Typically, energy storage materials are employed to enhance the rate of evaporation in solar stills, aiming to increase the yield of distilled water during nocturnal hours. Consequently, it was observed that using locally available heat storage materials in a solar still during daylight and overnight production of distillate for 15 liter of water input resulted in increases of 54.39 and 58.08%, respectively. In the case of upgraded solar desalination systems, the maximum thermal efficiencies were notably improved, with increases of 90.843, 84.464, and 66.326% compared to conventional solar desalination systems for water inputs of 15, 20, and 25 liters, respectively. The suggested solar still design is particularly well-suited for generating freshwater in regions with a pronounced demand, such as areas characterized by excessively saline groundwater, coastal zones, and rural locations.

Nowadays, integrating photovoltaic (PV) generation into the conventional grid system has become a significant concern. As a consequence, the analysis of the impact of the PV system on the existing grid and the application of preventive methods to maintain the power quality of the system has joined paramount importance. In this paper, the authors have proposed a grid-connected PV ETAP Simulation Model to analyze the harmonics’ effect on the system in the presence of nonlinear loads. After analyzing, it is observed that different odd-order harmonics are generated in the system which can have a negative impact on the system. To take care of these odd-order harmonics the authors compare two basic mitigation techniques; one being the Single Tune Passive Filter (STPF) mitigation which is not applicable for multiple harmonics order reduction with system power loss and the other being the Phase sifting transform mitigation. As compared to the passive filter method, the phase-shifting transformer bears the advantage of minimal power loss and voltage fluctuations. However, the phase-shifting transformer method is effective for multiple harmonic order reduction but not applicable for higher odd harmonics. To overcome this problem authors introduced a hybrid concept of mitigation which reduces power loss by up to 52% and mitigates harmonics up to 85–90%.

In this paper, Fractional-order PID controller incorporated Decoupled Control (FOPID-DC) method is designed for a grid-connected solar PV system. The fractional calculus-based PID controller is used to estimate the effect of harsh weather changes on the inverter dynamics. The outer active and reactive current control loop and the inner DC link voltage control loop of the proposed FOPID-DC operate in a d-q reference frame that is coupled to the grid voltage vector. The suggested FOPID-DC avoids the drawbacks of the traditional PID controller while maintaining the advantages of the fractional controller. The performance of error tracking is greatly enhanced by the use of fractional operators. The studies are carried out in MATLAB Simulink. To establish the improved dynamic performance of the FOPID-DC, a comprehensive comparative study was carried out between the conventional PID controller combined with decoupled controller (PID-DC) and the FOPID-DC. The performance of the FOPID controller incorporated decoupled controller is assessed under different environmental conditions. Under various stochastic climatic conditions, the key performance indicators, such as DC ink voltage, PV power, and the grid-side quadrature axis current, are plotted. Under these climatic test conditions, time domain metrics such as rise time, maximum overshoot, and settling time are tabulated for PID-DC and FOPID-DC. To illustrate the supremacy of the recommended controller, a radar plot of the DC link voltage error was also plotted. The proposed FOPID-DC is more resilient, efficient, and effective at mitigating the uncertainties brought on by abrupt changes in weather and has a simple control structure.

Libya has a wide range of temperatures and topographies, making it a promising place to use wind and solar energy. This research evaluated many technologies available in the global market, including wind energy, concentrated solar power (CSP), and photovoltaic (PV) solar, with the goal of localizing the renewable energy business. The aim was to optimize the advantages of employing locally accessible renewable resources while guaranteeing their suitability for the diverse climatic circumstances found throughout the nation. Twelve carefully chosen locations in Libya were used to assess the performance of 67 PV solar modules, 47 inverters, five different types of CPS, and 17 wind turbines using the System Advisor Model (SAM) dynamic simulation tool. The simulations employed 15-minute time series of climate data from the SolarGis platform for a 13-year timeframe (January 1, 2007–June 30, 2020). The standard used to determine which technology was best suited for each site was the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). The findings showed that solar and wind energy (PV and CSP) could significantly meet the examined areas’ demand for electrical energy. In contrast to wind energy, which had an LCOE ranging from 1.5 to 5.9 ¢/kWh, PV solar technology had an LCOE between 5.2 and 6.4 ¢/kWh. On the other hand, systems utilizing concentrated solar energy showed comparatively higher levels of life cycle costs; the heliostat field had the lowest, at 8.0 ¢/kWh. The research findings offer significant perspectives to engineers, planners, and decision-makers, enabling well-informed choices on the advancement and funding of renewable energy initiatives in Libya. The analysis concludes that wind energy is the most economically advantageous investment choice in the Libyan energy market, in contrast to the industry’s predominate concentration on PV solar systems. Environmentally speaking, building a 1000 MW renewable power plant with a 40% capacity factor will reduce CO₂ emissions by 3.82 million tons, saving $286.5 million in carbon taxes annually.

Within the lithium-ion battery sector, silicon (Si)-based anode materials have emerged as a critical driver of progress, notably in advancing energy storage capabilities. The heightened interest in Si-based anode materials can be attributed to their advantageous characteristics, which include a high theoretical specific capacity, a low delithiation potential, wide availability, and cost-effectiveness. However, these materials are not immune to challenges. One prominent issue arises from the significant volume changes that occur during lithiation (charging) and delithiation (discharging) processes, resulting in mechanical stress within the material. This stress leads to structural degradation over time, thereby reducing capacity and performance. Another critical concern revolves around the inherent low electronic conductivity of Si-based materials and their limited cycling stability, which limits their practical application on a commercial scale. This comprehensive review thoroughly examines recent advancements in SiO_x (0 < x ≤ 2)-based anode materials, with a specific focus on SiO₂ and Si-carbon composites, delving into their electrochemical properties and mechanisms. It also highlights existing challenges and suggests potential avenues for improvement, providing valuable insights for future research directions. The synthesis methods and performance benchmarks discussed in this review are essential for developing more efficient and sustainable SiO_x-based anodes across various energy storage applications.