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Effects of Study Load on Science Achievement: Searching for a Turning Point with Multilevel Piecewise Regression. 学习负荷对科学成就的影响:用多级分段回归法寻找转折点。
IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X231214824
Xin Ma, Xingkai Luo

With an educational issue that has caught the attention of many countries in the world (study load), a population of 8th graders from a typical Chinese metropolitan city (40,536 from 118 schools), and an advanced statistical strategy (multilevel piecewise regression), we examined whether there was a turning point in terms of the effects of study load on science achievement. We did identify a turning point for each and every measure of study load. For weekday learning on science achievement, we identified a turning point of 22.50 hr for the effects of in-school learning, 7.50 hr for the effects of homework, and 12 hr for the effects of after-school learning. For weekend learning on science achievement, we identified a turning point of 1.50 hr for the effects of in-school learning, 5 hr for the effects of homework, and 1 hr for the effects of after-school learning. In each case, the difference in effects before and after the turning point was statistically significant, indicating that the effects of study load on science achievement were nonlinear. All of these turning points offered important implications for science education.

通过一个引起世界上许多国家关注的教育问题(学习负荷),来自一个典型的中国大都市的八年级学生(来自118所学校的40536人),以及一种先进的统计策略(多级分段回归),我们检验了学习负荷对科学成就的影响是否出现了转折点。我们确实为每一项研究负荷指标确定了一个转折点。对于工作日学习对科学成绩的影响,我们确定了校内学习影响的转折点为22.50小时,家庭作业影响的转折点将为7.50小时,课后学习影响的临界点为12小时。对于周末学习对科学成绩的影响,我们确定了1.5小时的校内学习影响、5小时的家庭作业影响和1小时的课后学习影响的转折点。在每种情况下,转折点前后的效果差异具有统计学意义,表明学习负荷对科学成就的影响是非线性的。所有这些转折点都为科学教育提供了重要的启示。
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引用次数: 0
'Led by Intelligence': A Scoping Review on the Experimental Evaluation of Intelligence-Led Policing. “情报主导”:情报主导警务实验评估的范围界定综述。
IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X231204588
Robin Khalfa, Wim Hardyns

Intelligence-led policing (ILP) was introduced in the 1990s as a proactive approach to policing, but to date, there is a lack of studies that have synthesized and summarized the central characteristics and insights of (quasi-)experimental studies related to ILP. This study aims to address this gap by synthesizing and characterizing the central characteristics of 38 quasi-experimental and experimental studies related to ILP. In this study, a scoping review is conducted on different quasi-experimental and experimental studies that relate to the framework of ILP. It was found that most studies within the domain of ILP focus on testing the crime reduction effects of using spatio-temporal crime intelligence to deploy police resources more efficiently and effectively. However, some studies have combined different types of crime intelligence or used solely offender-related intelligence. Several statistical-methodological challenges were also identified that should be considered when designing experimental research within the domain of ILP. Additionally, most studies focused solely on measuring crime reduction, with few focusing on secondary effects of interventions. The review concludes that future evaluation studies should consider evaluating the use of different types of crime intelligence and establish specific, objective, and realistic criteria for measuring specific performance measures such as crime disruption. Future experimental research within the domain of ILP should consider applying the 3-i model, evaluating each leg of ILP thoroughly. The limitations of the study are also discussed. This review provides valuable insights for future research and development of ILP-related approaches.

情报主导警务(ILP)于20世纪90年代作为一种积极主动的警务方法引入,但迄今为止,缺乏综合和总结与ILP相关的(准)实验研究的核心特征和见解的研究。本研究旨在通过综合和表征38项与ILP相关的准实验和实验研究的中心特征来解决这一差距。在本研究中,对与ILP框架相关的不同准实验和实验研究进行了范围界定审查。研究发现,ILP领域内的大多数研究都集中在测试利用时空犯罪情报更高效、更有效地部署警察资源的减少犯罪效果。然而,一些研究结合了不同类型的犯罪情报,或者只使用了与罪犯有关的情报。还发现了在ILP领域内设计实验研究时应考虑的几个统计方法学挑战。此外,大多数研究只关注衡量减少犯罪,很少关注干预措施的次要影响。审查得出的结论是,未来的评估研究应考虑评估不同类型犯罪情报的使用情况,并制定具体、客观和现实的标准来衡量犯罪破坏等具体绩效指标。未来在ILP领域的实验研究应考虑应用3-i模型,彻底评估ILP的每一条腿。还讨论了该研究的局限性。这篇综述为ILP相关方法的未来研究和开发提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Performance Evaluation of Governance Mechanisms of Hazardous Waste Recycling in Rural China: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on Multiple Cases. 中国农村危险废物回收治理机制绩效评价:基于多个案例的定性比较分析》。
IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X241289643
Jiapei Mo, Gengtai Li, Qishu Ai, Huping Shang, Xintao Li

As ecological globalization intensifies, rural waste recycling and management has become a global concern. China's proactive efforts are significant for revitalizing domestic rural ecosystems, offering valuable insights into global environmental governance. The rampant dumping and informal processing of hazardous waste in rural China pose severe threats to local ecological balance and public safety. Thus, efficiently recycling hazardous rural and agricultural waste is pivotal for China's rural ecological and environmental governance. This study adopts a participatory governance perspective and establishes a theoretical framework for dual principal-agent relationships. This framework examined 22 cases of rural governance spanning Eastern, Central, and Western China. This study evaluated governance mechanisms in four dimensions: policy, material, human, and social capital, using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method. The key findings include: (1) The adverse orientation and behavior of hazardous waste recycling governance in rural areas stem from the combined impacts of multiple complex factors. (2) The synergistic interplay between policy, human, and social capital is crucial for advancing hazardous waste recycling governance in rural settings. (3) Three pathway mechanisms--socially driven, market-oriented, and system participation--facilitate the effective governance of hazardous waste recycling. Innovative practices in hazardous waste recycling and management within rural China yielded positive domestic impacts and profoundly influenced global environmental governance. China's experiences and approaches motivate other nations and regions, showcasing responsibility and dedication to international environmental governance and bolstering Chinese contributions to creating a cleaner, beautiful world.

随着生态全球化的加剧,农村垃圾回收和管理已成为全球关注的问题。中国的积极努力对于振兴国内农村生态系统意义重大,为全球环境治理提供了宝贵的启示。中国农村危险废物的随意倾倒和非正规加工严重威胁着当地的生态平衡和公共安全。因此,有效回收利用农村和农业有害废弃物对中国农村生态环境治理至关重要。本研究采用参与式治理视角,建立了委托-代理双重关系的理论框架。该框架考察了横跨中国东部、中部和西部的 22 个农村治理案例。本研究采用模糊集定性比较分析方法,从政策资本、物质资本、人力资本和社会资本四个维度对治理机制进行了评估。主要发现包括(1)农村地区危险废物回收治理的不良导向和行为源于多种复杂因素的综合影响。(2)政策资本、人力资本和社会资本之间的协同作用对于推进农村地区危险废物回收治理至关重要。(3) 社会驱动型、市场导向型和系统参与型三种路径机制有助于有效治理危险废物回收。中国农村危险废物回收和管理的创新实践在国内产生了积极影响,并深刻影响了全球环境治理。中国的经验和做法激励着其他国家和地区,展现了对国际环境治理的责任和奉献精神,为创造一个更加清洁、美丽的世界做出了中国贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Economic Impacts of a Cage-Free Animal Welfare Policy in Southeast Asian and Indian Egg Production: A Systematic Review 评估东南亚和印度鸡蛋生产中无笼养动物福利政策的经济影响:系统回顾
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/0193841x241280681
Ren Ryba
Animal welfare is increasingly understood to be a key component of sustainable agricultural production. Southeast Asia and India are witnessing an emerging market for cage-free egg production. To evaluate the economic sustainability of cage-free policies in the region, it is critical to understand how this transition will affect farmers’ costs and revenues. In this article, we provide an overview of the available information that can inform evaluations of cage-free egg production in Southeast Asia and India. Cage-free egg producers around the world tend to experience higher costs, but these costs are offset by higher revenues. As demand for cage-free eggs is stimulated in Southeast Asia and India by retailer or government policies, we expect that producers will be capable of meeting this demand. In Asia specifically, the dominant cost component is poultry feed. We conclude that the economic viability of egg production in the region is likely to be driven by feed prices and associated government policies, rather than production system per se.
越来越多的人认识到,动物福利是可持续农业生产的关键组成部分。东南亚和印度正在成为无笼养鸡蛋生产的新兴市场。为评估该地区无笼养政策的经济可持续性,了解这一转变将如何影响养殖户的成本和收入至关重要。在本文中,我们将概述可为东南亚和印度无笼养鸡蛋生产评估提供信息的现有资料。世界各地的无笼养鸡蛋生产者往往会面临较高的成本,但这些成本会被较高的收入所抵消。随着东南亚和印度零售商或政府政策刺激对无笼养鸡蛋的需求,我们预计生产商将有能力满足这一需求。具体到亚洲,主要的成本构成是家禽饲料。我们的结论是,该地区鸡蛋生产的经济可行性可能受到饲料价格和相关政府政策的影响,而不是生产系统本身。
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引用次数: 0
Theory Use in Project Management Research: An Exploratory Content Analysis Approach. 项目管理研究中的理论运用:探索性内容分析法
IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X241279706
Erastus Karanja, Jigish Zaveri, Angela K Miles, Steven Day

The frequency and richness of the theories developed, tested, and used by researchers in an academic discipline exemplify several pertinent factors, namely, the growth, the maturity, the independence, the legitimacy, and the influence of the discipline. Although organizations have been working on projects for centuries, Project Management (PM) is a considerably new academic discipline with emerging research themes, models, methodologies, frameworks, and paradigms. These PM concepts are anchored on or reinforced by new or existing theories. This exploratory study aims to add to the existing PM body of knowledge by investigating the prevalence of theory use in PM research. A systematic content analysis of 9200 PM research articles published from 2000 to 2019 (20 years) in the leading PM journals identified 248 unique theories. These results reveal that the PM discipline is increasingly embracing the use of theories with game theory, fuzzy theory, agency theory, contingency theory, and stakeholder theory emerging as the most dominant theories in the reviewed research articles. Also, although PM is developing its theories, the results revealed that PM researchers continue to heavily use theories borrowed from other academic disciplines such as psychology, sociology, mathematics, and economics.

一门学科的研究人员所开发、测试和使用的理论的频率和丰富程度体现了几个相关因素,即学科的成长、成熟、独立、合法性和影响力。尽管各组织开展项目工作已有几个世纪的历史,但项目管理(PM)却是一门相当新的学科,其研究主题、模式、方法、框架和范式不断涌现。这些项目管理概念以新理论或现有理论为基础,或得到这些理论的加强。本探索性研究旨在通过调查项目管理研究中理论使用的普遍程度,为现有的项目管理知识体系添砖加瓦。通过对 2000 年至 2019 年(20 年)期间在主要 PM 期刊上发表的 9200 篇 PM 研究文章进行系统的内容分析,发现了 248 种独特的理论。这些结果表明,项目管理学科正在越来越多地使用理论,博弈论、模糊理论、代理理论、权变理论和利益相关者理论成为所审查研究文章中最主要的理论。此外,尽管项目管理正在发展自己的理论,但研究结果表明,项目管理研究人员仍在大量使用从心理学、社会学、数学和经济学等其他学科借鉴的理论。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation Policy Study of the Second Round of the Taiwan Teacher Preparation Program Evaluation. 第二轮台湾教师准备课程评估政策研究》。
IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X241276023
Tze Chang Liu

This study focuses on the second round of Taiwanese teacher preparation program (TPP) evaluation (2012-2017) to analyze how evaluation policy shapes TPPs. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 stakeholders, which included professors, administrators, researchers, and staff involved in TPP evaluation. First, the findings revealed that neoliberalism influences evaluation policy and restricts the diversity of TPP development. Second, different evaluation approaches may be used to bring more inclusiveness and flexibility to evaluation standards. Third, evaluation plays an important role in TPP development, and a professional organization responsible for evaluation should be established in Taiwan in the future. To conclude, it is significant for TPP evaluation policy to consider policy ideology, evaluation standards, and program diversity to aid in improving the quality of teacher education not only in Taiwan but also internationally.

本研究以台湾第二轮教师预备课程(TPP)评估(2012-2017 年)为重点,分析评估政策如何影响教师预备课程。本研究对 13 位利益相关者进行了深入访谈,其中包括教授、行政人员、研究人员和参与教师培训项目评估的工作人员。首先,研究结果显示,新自由主义影响了评价政策,限制了 TPP 发展的多样性。第二,可以采用不同的评价方法,使评价标准更具包容性和灵活性。第三,评估在 TPP 发展中扮演着重要角色,未来台湾应成立负责评估的专业组织。总之,TPP 评估政策应考虑政策意识形态、评估标准和项目多样性,这不仅有助于提高台湾教师教育的质量,也有助于提高国际教师教育的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Using Interactive Television Instruction (ITV) to Reduce the Propensity to Engage in Substance Abuse and Drug Trafficking Among Vulnerable Adolescents in Nigeria. 利用交互式电视教学(ITV)降低尼日利亚弱势青少年参与药物滥用和毒品贩运的倾向。
IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X241273288
Verlumun Celestine Gever

This study examined the impact of ITV intervention on reduction in the propensity to abuse substances and engage in drug trafficking. The researcher conducted this study using an experiment of 517 vulnerable adolescents aged 10-19 years. The participants were randomly assigned to control (n = 258) and treatment (n = 259) groups. The researchers found a significant main effect of treatment conditions on reduction in the propensity to engage in substance abuse and drug trafficking among vulnerable adolescents. That is, before the intervention, there was no significant statistical difference between the control and treatment groups on the propensity to engage in substance abuse and drug trafficking. However, vulnerable children who received the intervention reported a significant reduction in propensity after the intervention. The results highlight the usefulness of ITV as a behaviour change strategy for vulnerable children.

本研究探讨了信息与传播技术干预对减少滥用药物和参与贩毒倾向的影响。研究人员对 517 名 10-19 岁的弱势青少年进行了实验。参与者被随机分配到对照组(258 人)和治疗组(259 人)。研究人员发现,治疗条件对降低弱势青少年滥用药物和贩毒的倾向有明显的主效应。也就是说,在干预前,对照组和治疗组在药物滥用和贩毒倾向方面没有明显的统计学差异。然而,接受干预的弱势儿童报告称,干预后他们的倾向性明显降低。这些结果突出表明,ITV 作为改变弱势儿童行为的策略是有用的。
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引用次数: 0
Does Institutional Quality Matter for Foreign Direct Investment and Human Development? 制度质量对外国直接投资和人类发展重要吗?
IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X231195798
Van Thi Cam Ha, Tinh Doan, Mark J Holmes, Tuyen Quang Tran

This study examines the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), institutional quality and human development) in host countries from 2002 to 2019, using the Human Development Index [HDI] as the measure of human development. This study utilized a panel dataset of 143 countries, including both developed and developing economies, over a 17-year period. Additionally, the study employed a GMM (generalized method of moments) estimator to address unobservable heterogeneity and simultaneity. This study reveals a significant positive relationship between FDI and human development, with a stronger effect observed in developing countries compared to in developed countries. Notably, the impact of FDI-HDI nexus is larger in countries with moderately high-quality institutions, irrespective of their income level. Furthermore, good governance plays a crucial role in enhancing human development, as developing economies with high governance quality experience a greater impact of FDI on HDI compared to other countries. The findings of this study suggest that attracting FDI can be beneficial for enhancing the HDI, especially in developing countries. Additionally, the study highlights governance as a moderating factor in the relationship between FDI and HDI. Improving governance quality can enhance the positive impact of FDI on human development in host countries, especially in developing countries.

本研究以人类发展指数(HDI)作为衡量人类发展的指标,探讨了 2002 年至 2019 年东道国的外国直接投资(FDI)、制度质量和人类发展之间的关系。本研究使用了一个包含 143 个国家的面板数据集,其中既有发达经济体,也有发展中经济体,时间跨度长达 17 年。此外,研究还采用了 GMM(广义矩法)估计方法来解决不可观测的异质性和同时性问题。研究显示,外国直接投资与人类发展之间存在显著的正相关关系,与发达国家相比,发展中国家的影响更大。值得注意的是,无论收入水平如何,外国直接投资与人类发展之间的关系对拥有中等质量机构的国家的影响更大。此外,善治在促进人类发展方面发挥着至关重要的作用,因为与其他国家相比,善治质量高的发展中经济体的外国直接投资对人类发展指数的影响更大。研究结果表明,吸引外国直接投资有利于提高人类发展指数,尤其是在发展中国家。此外,本研究还强调治理是外国直接投资与人类发展指数之间关系的调节因素。提高治理质量可以增强外国直接投资对东道国,特别是发展中国家人类发展的积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of School Infrastructure and Teachers' Human Capital on Academic Performance in Brazil. 巴西学校基础设施和教师人力资本对学业成绩的影响》(The Impact of School Infrastructure and Teachers' Human Capital on Academic Performance in Brazil.
IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X231197741
Peter Wanke, Adriano Lauro, Otávio H Dos Santos Figueiredo, João Ricardo Faria, Franklin G Mixon

To improve one of the lowest rates of literacy and numeracy in the world, the government of Brazil has targeted public education reform, given the strong link between an educated population and economic growth. This study examines the academic performance of the Brazilian public primary school system. It addresses the empirical shortcomings of prior research to examine the dynamics of the relationship between academic performance scores and several demographic and institutional variables, such as socioeconomic characteristics, variations in school infrastructure and school complexity, and teachers' human capital. We employed quantile regression to explore the determinants of academic performance across 35,490 schools in rural and urban environments in Brazil. The dependent variable in our analysis captures the academic performance score, as measured by Brazil's education authorities, of each school in our dataset. The model includes several education-related indices used in prior research and, as explanatory factors, measures of teachers' human capital and the students' socioeconomic level, which synthesizes information on parents' education and household income. The results suggest that several institutional variables, including access to school libraries, computer facilities, projectors, and televisions, are positively and significantly related to the academic performance of primary students in Brazil's system of public education. Furthermore, students' socioeconomic level is positively associated with their academic performance.

巴西是世界上识字率和识数率最低的国家之一,为了提高识字率和识数率,巴西政府将公共教育改革作为目标,因为受过教育的人口与经济增长密切相关。本研究探讨了巴西公立小学系统的学业成绩。它弥补了以往研究在实证方面的不足,考察了学业成绩分数与几个人口和制度变量之间的动态关系,如社会经济特征、学校基础设施和学校复杂性的变化以及教师的人力资本。我们采用了量子回归法来探讨巴西城乡环境中 35,490 所学校学业成绩的决定因素。我们的分析中的因变量捕捉了数据集中每所学校的学业成绩分数,该分数由巴西教育当局衡量。该模型包括之前研究中使用的几个与教育相关的指数,以及作为解释因素的教师人力资本和学生社会经济水平的衡量指标,后者综合了父母的教育程度和家庭收入等信息。研究结果表明,在巴西的公立教育系统中,一些制度变量,包括学校图书馆、计算机设备、投影仪和电视机的使用情况,与小学生的学业成绩呈显著正相关。此外,学生的社会经济水平也与他们的学习成绩呈正相关。
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引用次数: 0
Building a Logic Model to Foster Engagement and Learning Using the Case of a Province-Wide Multispecies Antimicrobial Use Monitoring System. 利用全省多物种抗菌药使用监测系统案例,建立促进参与和学习的逻辑模型。
IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X231198706
Antoine Boudreau LeBlanc, Aude Motulsky, Marie-Pierre Moreault, Man Qing Liang, Ida Ngueng Feze, Luc Des Côteaux

Successfully designing and implementing a program is complex; it requires a reflexive balance between the available resources and the priorities of various stakeholders, both of which change over time. Logic models are theory-based evaluation approaches used to identify and address key challenges of a program. This article describes the process of building a logic model on advanced theories in complexity studies. The models aim to support a province-wide multispecies monitoring system of antimicrobial use (AMU), designed in collaboration with the animal health sector in Quebec (Canada). Based on a rigorous theoretical foundation, the logic model is built in three steps: (1) mapping, a narrative review of literature on similar programs in other jurisdictions; (2) framing, iterative consultations with project members to elaborate the logic model; (3) shaping, hypotheses based on the logic model. The model emerges from the reflexive balancing of current scientific knowledge and empirical insights to gather relevant information about stakeholders from interdisciplinary experts that led a 3-year consensus-building process within the community. Recognizing the challenge of unpacking theories for practical use, we illustrate how the process of an "open" logic model building could enable governance coordination in complex processes. Logic models are useful for evaluating public, private, and academic partnerships in One Health programs that characterize an adaptive governance process.

成功设计和实施一项计划非常复杂;它需要在可用资源和各利益相关方的优先事项之间进行反思性平衡,而这两者都会随着时间的推移而发生变化。逻辑模型是一种基于理论的评估方法,用于识别和应对计划的关键挑战。本文介绍了在复杂性研究的先进理论基础上建立逻辑模型的过程。该模型旨在支持与加拿大魁北克省动物卫生部门合作设计的全省多物种抗菌药使用监测系统(AMU)。逻辑模型建立在严谨的理论基础之上,分为三个步骤:(1) 制图,对其他辖区类似计划的文献进行叙述性审查;(2) 构架,与项目成员反复磋商,以详细阐述逻辑模型;(3) 塑造,根据逻辑模型提出假设。该模型的产生源于对当前科学知识和经验见解的反思性平衡,从跨学科专家那里收集利益相关者的相关信息,并在社区内开展了为期 3 年的建立共识进程。我们认识到为实际使用拆解理论所面临的挑战,因此说明了 "开放式 "逻辑模型的构建过程如何能够在复杂的过程中实现治理协调。逻辑模型有助于评估 "一体健康 "计划中的公共、私营和学术合作伙伴关系,这些合作伙伴关系是适应性治理过程的特征。
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引用次数: 0
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