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The Design of Early Childhood Teacher Education Programs: Australian Employer Perspectives with International Program Comparisons 幼儿教师教育项目的设计:澳大利亚雇主视角与国际项目比较
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.14221/ajte.2022v47n6.5
W. Boyd, Linda Mahony, Jane Warren, S. Wong
Provision of quality early childhood education and care (ECEC) supports children’s learning with strong agreement that early childhood teachers (ECTs) are central to quality provision. In many countries, it is mandatory that ECEC services employ ECTs. However, Australian ECT employers report that early childhood graduates are not always well-prepared to work in ECEC settings. This may be because what constitutes optimal early childhood initial teacher education programs (EC ITE) is unclear. To investigate the design of EC ITE programs this research reports on (i) design of EC ITE programs across international contexts; and (ii) 19 Australian ECT employers’ perspectives on EC ITE program design. Findings indicate little consensus on the design of EC ITE programs, with inconsistencies across and within countries. Australian employers identified shortcomings in graduates knowledge. This research highlights recommendations to understand how programs prepare ECTs, by conducting research tracking preservice teachers from EC ITE programs into ECEC teaching.
提供高质量的幼儿教育和护理(ECEC)支持儿童的学习,并强烈认同幼儿教师(ECTs)是高质量提供的核心。在许多国家,ECEC服务必须使用ECTs。然而,澳大利亚的ECT雇主报告说,幼儿教育毕业生并不总是为在ECEC环境中工作做好充分准备。这可能是因为什么是最佳的幼儿初始教师教育计划(EC ITE)尚不清楚。为了调查EC ITE项目的设计,本研究报告了(i)跨国际背景下EC ITE项目的设计;(ii) 19位澳大利亚ECT雇主对EC ITE项目设计的看法。调查结果表明,各国之间和各国内部对EC - ITE项目的设计几乎没有共识。澳大利亚雇主发现了毕业生知识方面的不足。本研究通过对EC ITE项目的职前教师进行跟踪研究,重点介绍了了解课程如何准备ECTs的建议。
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引用次数: 1
Academic Freedom in Teacher Education; Between Certainty and Uncertainty 论教师教育中的学术自由在确定与不确定之间
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.14221/ajte.2022v47n6.4
M. Cronqvist
In this study, academic freedom in teacher education is related to preservice teachers’ possibilities to develop critical and autonomous thinking in teaching practice. Self-awareness and self-confidence provide certainty to deal with the uncertain situation in teaching where creativity and judgment must be given priority over an instrumental teaching based on authorities, effective methods or ready-made solutions. Teacher educators thus need to promote academic freedom as both certainty and uncertainty. The aim of this paper is to provide enhanced understanding of the meanings and implications for teacher education of academic freedom, in the tension between certainty and uncertainty, based on a phenomenological study about preservice teachers’ experiences of professional ethics. The results show that teacher educators’ function as role models is crucial for preservice teachers’ academic freedom in developing their teaching. A consensus on fundamental values provides openness in discussions that promote the student's critical attitude.
在本研究中,教师教育中的学术自由与职前教师在教学实践中培养批判性和自主思维的可能性有关。自我意识和自信为应对教学中不确定的情况提供了确定性,在这种情况下,创造性和判断力必须优先于基于权威、有效方法或现成解决方案的工具性教学。因此,教师教育工作者需要将学术自由作为确定性和不确定性来促进。本文的目的是通过对职前教师职业道德体验的现象学研究,在确定性与不确定性之间的张力中,加深对学术自由对教师教育的意义和启示的理解。结果表明,教师教育者的榜样作用对职前教师学术自由的发展至关重要。对基本价值观的共识提供了讨论的开放性,促进了学生的批判态度。
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引用次数: 0
A Review of Undergraduate Education Student Responses to the Online Component of Blended Learning: A Cautionary Tale 本科教育学生对混合学习在线部分的反应综述:一个警世故事
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.14221/ajte.2022v47n6.3
R. Bernay, C. Jenkin, T. Utumapu-Mcbride, Adrian Schoone, A. Gibbons
Calls for enhancing the digital interface for teaching and learning within tertiary institutions have played out in one School of Education, with variable results. Online learning tasks were added in 2018 to regular classes to provide more flexibility for student engagement. A team of lecturers developed a questionnaire for students to be completed after the first semester pilot. Data and findings indicated that one-third of students identified online learning as an enhancement to their learning. A second survey was conducted one year later to assess changes made and analyse the longer-term impacts. During the COVID-19 lockdown, fully online pedagogy was required; anecdotal observation indicated an improvement in satisfaction and engagement, but perhaps only because online was the only way possible to complete assessments. The conclusion contains recommendations and a cautionary tale, when introducing online learning across existing courses.
一所教育学院呼吁加强高等教育机构内教学和学习的数字界面,结果不一。2018年,学校在常规课程中增加了在线学习任务,为学生的参与提供了更大的灵活性。一组讲师制定了一份调查问卷,让学生在第一学期试点后完成。数据和调查结果表明,三分之一的学生认为在线学习对他们的学习有促进作用。一年后进行了第二次调查,以评估所做的变化并分析长期影响。在COVID-19封锁期间,需要完全在线教学;坊间观察表明,满意度和参与度有所提高,但可能只是因为在线是完成评估的唯一途径。结论中包含了一些建议和一个警世故事,用于在现有课程中引入在线学习。
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引用次数: 0
An Appraisal of the CLASS Instrument as an Observational Measurement Tool for Evaluation of Student and Teacher Interactions in Western Australian Classrooms 对CLASS仪器作为西澳大利亚课堂师生互动评价的观察性测量工具的评价
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.14221/ajte.2022v47n6.6
Gillian Kirk, Marianne Knaus, Shane Rogers
The National Quality Framework is used across Australia to drive quality improvement in early childhood settings. Unique to Western Australia, the National Quality Standard is also used in schools to improve quality in classrooms up to Year two (seven to eight years). However, the literature suggests the National Quality Standard is too broad with an emphasis on quantifiable program features (structural quality). As the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS™) instrument was designed to measure classroom interactions (process quality), the purpose of this current study was to examine its efficacy in Pre-primary (five-year-old) classrooms. A mixed-method research approach was employed to appraise the CLASS instrument as an observational measurement tool for evaluation of quality student and teacher interactions in schools. The quantitative methods involved a statistical analysis of the CLASS instrument ratings and observations and interviews provided a qualitative perspective. Study conclusions suggest that while CLASS offered useful descriptions of quality in Emotional Support and Classroom Organisation, the Instructional Support scores were not consistent with other indicators of quality, and this score was not representative of the instructional quality in some classrooms.
全国质量框架在澳大利亚各地使用,以推动早期儿童环境的质量提高。西澳大利亚独有的国家质量标准也被用于学校,以提高到第二年(7到8年)的课堂质量。然而,文献表明,国家质量标准过于宽泛,强调可量化的程序特征(结构质量)。由于课堂评估评分系统(CLASS™)工具旨在衡量课堂互动(过程质量),因此本研究的目的是检验其在学前(五岁)课堂中的有效性。采用混合方法研究方法来评估CLASS工具作为评估学校学生和教师互动质量的观察性测量工具。定量方法涉及对CLASS工具评级的统计分析,观察和访谈提供了定性视角。研究结论表明,尽管CLASS在情感支持和课堂组织方面提供了有用的质量描述,但教学支持分数与其他质量指标不一致,并且该分数不能代表某些课堂的教学质量。
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引用次数: 2
Tough Teachers Actually Care: An Ethnographic Look into the ‘Problematic’ Role of Teachers as Figures of Authority Under Learner-Centered Education 严厉的教师实际上关心:以学习者为中心的教育下教师作为权威人物的“问题”角色的民族志研究
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.14221/ajte.2022v47n6.2
Julie del Valle
Teacher authority is culturally valued among Filipinos. This authority however poses a threat to the fundamental principles of learner-centred education as it arguably perpetuates ‘teacher-centered’ instruction and obstructs positive student-teacher relationships which are necessary for student learning. This problematic role of teacher authority is examined in this study by investigating what constitutes good pedagogy in one class within a rural school in the Philippines. With this research problem, this study used ethnographic research approach to examine what students and teachers understand about ‘classroom authority’ and its perceived value in good pedagogy within a specific and cultural place. Ethnographic data in this study suggest that teacher authority is central in understanding good teaching within specific classroom contexts as this cultural valuing of teachers as ‘authorities’ may support student engagement and foster student-teacher relationships which are built on ‘academic care’. This ‘academic care’ could offer a practice which bridges the presumed binary between teacher-centered and learner-centered pedagogies.
菲律宾人在文化上重视教师权威。然而,这种权威对以学习者为中心的教育的基本原则构成了威胁,因为它可以说是延续了“以教师为中心”的教学,阻碍了学生学习所必需的积极的师生关系。本研究通过调查菲律宾一所农村学校的一个班级中什么是好的教学法,来检验教师权威的这个有问题的角色。有了这个研究问题,本研究使用民族志研究方法来检查学生和教师对“课堂权威”的理解及其在特定文化场所中良好教学的感知价值。本研究中的民族志数据表明,教师权威是理解特定课堂环境下良好教学的核心,因为这种将教师视为“权威”的文化价值可能支持学生参与,并促进建立在“学术关怀”基础上的师生关系。这种“学术关怀”可以提供一种实践,在以教师为中心和以学生为中心的教学法之间架起一座桥梁。
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引用次数: 0
Addressing the Social Loafing Problem in Assessment Practices from the Perspectives of Tanzania’s Pre-service Teachers 从坦桑尼亚职前教师的视角看评估实践中的社会懈怠问题
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.14221/ajte.2022v47n6.1
J. Milinga, Ezelina Kibonde, V. Mallya, M. Mwakifuna
Recent developments of higher teacher education in Tanzania have witnessed high student enrolments necessitating change of an emphasis from individual assessment to group-based assessment practices. In this context, informed by the constructivist philosophical perspective, this article reports on the pre-service teachers’ voices regarding the prevalence, impacts and counteractive strategies of social loafing. The pre-service teachers are drawn from one higher education institution in Tanzania that serves as a case study. It draws on qualitative data collected from a sample of purposively selected undergraduate pre-service teachers. The study found social loafing tendencies to be commonplace and with far-reaching consequences amongst students as they engaged in group-based assessment tasks, hence calling for measures to redress them. Addressing social loafing in higher teacher education is crucial to avoid compromising the quality of assessment practices in the contexts of ever-rising student enrolments in many lower income countries
坦桑尼亚高等教师教育的最新发展表明,学生入学率很高,因此必须将重点从个人评价改为以小组为基础的评价做法。在此背景下,本文运用建构主义哲学的视角,对职前教师关于社会懒惰的普遍性、影响和应对策略的声音进行了报道。这些职前教师来自坦桑尼亚的一所高等教育机构,作为案例研究。它借鉴了从有目的地选择的本科职前教师样本中收集的定性数据。该研究发现,在学生从事以小组为基础的评估任务时,社会懒惰倾向是司空见惯的,并对学生产生深远的影响,因此要求采取措施纠正这种情况。在许多低收入国家学生入学人数不断增加的背景下,解决高等教师教育中的社会懈怠问题对于避免影响评估实践的质量至关重要
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引用次数: 1
Broadening Ontological and Epistemological Possibilities within Early Childhood Teacher Education for Sustainability 拓展幼儿教师可持续教育的本体论和认识论可能性
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.14221/ajte.2022v47n5.3
Kassahun Weldemariam
The dominant sustainability ethos and discourse within early childhood education pursue a normative ontological and epistemological direction aimed at empowering children’s agency and thus, building certain predefined moral values, knowledge, and skills. Likewise, mainstream early childhood teacher education programmes strive to build early childhood pre-service teachers’ sustainability knowledge and skills, especially to enhance their capacity to be transformative agents and motivators for change to engage children with sustainability challenges. In this conceptual article, drawing on posthuman concepts, I highlight the limits of such orthodox assumptions in early childhood education for sustainability (ECEfS) teacher education and invite broader ontological and epistemic possibilities. I interrogate the human-centric assumptions that unintentionally perpetuate the deep-rooted binary thinking that separates humans from non-humans and other species. In doing so, I offer an expanded understanding of the underlying ontological and epistemic assumptions within teacher education for ECEfS. I conclude by indicating how posthuman theories serve as an impetus for epistemological and ontological multiplicities in early childhood teacher education for sustainability.
幼儿教育中占主导地位的可持续性精神和话语追求规范的本体论和认识论方向,旨在增强儿童的能动性,从而建立某些预定义的道德价值观、知识和技能。同样,主流幼儿教师教育方案努力培养幼儿职前教师的可持续性知识和技能,特别是提高他们成为变革推动者和推动变革的能力,使儿童参与可持续性挑战。在这篇概念性的文章中,我借鉴了后人类的概念,强调了这种正统假设在幼儿可持续教育(ECEfS)教师教育中的局限性,并提出了更广泛的本体论和认识论的可能性。我质疑以人类为中心的假设,这种假设无意中延续了将人类与非人类和其他物种区分开来的根深蒂固的二元思维。在此过程中,我提供了对ECEfS教师教育中潜在的本体论和认识论假设的扩展理解。最后,我指出了后人类理论是如何推动幼儿教师可持续教育的认识论和本体论多样性的。
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引用次数: 0
Challenges in Reorienting Early Childhood Education for Sustainability in Initial Teacher Education: Transforming, Creating and Expanding 幼儿教育可持续发展的挑战:转型、创新与拓展
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.14221/ajte.2022v47n5.1
N. Evans, Debra Harwood, Anna Furu, Şule Alici
This editorial essay introduces a special issue on education for sustainability, early childhood education and initial teacher education. We adopt a duoethnographic approach to first provide an overview of the issues, gaps, tensions and challenges in past and current trends in early childhood education for sustainability (ECEfS) in initial teacher education (ITE). Then, from our perspectives as four teacher educators located in disparate regions of the world: Finland, Turkiye, Canada, and Australia, we invite readers into our own stories as a starting place to explore the papers within the special issue. Through this dynamic interplay of four critically questioning minds and five papers, we aim to transform, create, and expand understanding of the interplay between ECEfS and ITE. We acknowledge that readers will derive their own understandings and responses from the papers, hence, our interpretations are not prescriptive, but rather aim to provoke further contributions to an emerging and developing field.
这篇社论文章介绍了一个关于可持续教育、幼儿教育和初级教师教育的特刊。我们采用多民族志方法,首先概述了早期教师教育(ITE)中可持续发展幼儿教育(ECEfS)过去和当前趋势中的问题、差距、紧张和挑战。然后,从我们四个来自世界不同地区的教师教育工作者的角度:芬兰,土耳其,加拿大和澳大利亚,我们邀请读者进入我们自己的故事,作为探索特刊中的论文的起点。通过四种批判性质疑思维和五篇论文的动态相互作用,我们的目标是改变、创造和扩大对ECEfS和ITE之间相互作用的理解。我们承认读者将从论文中得出他们自己的理解和回应,因此,我们的解释不是规定性的,而是旨在激发对新兴和发展领域的进一步贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Early Childhood Teachers’ Perceptions of Environmental Sustainability: A Phenomenographic Investigation 幼儿教师对环境可持续性的认知:一项现象调查
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.14221/ajte.2022v47n5.4
Jane Spiteri
Early childhood teachers’ environmental perceptions can influence young children’s learning about environmental issues. Yet, to date, there is minimal research focusing on the perceptions of environmental sustainability held by early childhood teachers. This qualitative phenomenographic study collected data via individual semi-structured interviews with five early childhood teachers and one head teacher, in Malta. Preliminary findings revealed that the participants perceived environmental sustainability in terms of environmental concerns; environmental responsibility; and environmental protection. A mismatch between the participants’ environmental concerns and their pro-environmental behaviour emerged. The data also show that any environmental activities at school were done so uncritically. These findings hold importance for the reorientation of in-service and pre-service early childhood teacher education programs towards sustainability to ensure that systems thinking around critical environmental issues are introduced in the early years by addressing gaps in knowledge and supporting educators' development at the earliest stage (i.e., pre-service).
幼儿教师的环境感知会影响幼儿对环境问题的学习。然而,迄今为止,很少有研究关注幼儿教师对环境可持续性的看法。这一定性现象研究通过对马耳他五名幼儿教师和一名班主任的个人半结构化访谈收集数据。初步调查结果显示,参与者对环境可持续性的认知主要体现在环境关注方面;环境责任;以及环境保护。参与者的环境关注和他们的环保行为之间出现了不匹配。数据还显示,学校里的任何环保活动都是不加批判地进行的。这些发现对于在职和职前幼儿教师教育计划的重新定位具有重要意义,以确保通过解决知识差距和支持教育工作者在早期阶段(即职前)的发展,在早期阶段引入围绕关键环境问题的系统思考。
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引用次数: 0
Weaving Child-Plastic Relations with Early Childhood Educators in the Ecuadorian Andes 与厄瓜多尔安第斯山脉的幼儿教育工作者编织儿童与塑料的关系
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.14221/ajte.2022v47n5.6
Alex Berry
In a small village in the Ecuadorian Andes called Racar, plastics are intimately woven into social and ecological structures. These entanglements move beyond human control and generate toxic dependencies between humans, plastics, and others. This requires a pedagogical shift in how early childhood educators understand and respond to plastics. Drawing on field research with educators in Racar, this paper attempts to interrupt human-centric discourses of the child as separate from Andean ecologies and resituates childhoods as differentially embedded in complex place relations.
在厄瓜多尔安第斯山脉一个名叫拉卡尔的小村庄,塑料与社会和生态结构紧密相连。这些纠缠超出了人类的控制范围,在人类、塑料和其他物质之间产生了有毒的依赖关系。这需要幼儿教育工作者在理解和应对塑料方面的教学转变。通过对拉卡教育者的实地研究,本文试图打破以人为中心的儿童话语,将其与安第斯生态分离开来,并将儿童作为不同的嵌入复杂的地方关系。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Australian Journal of Teacher Education
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