European Review of Social Psychology最新文献

英文中文

How identity fusion predicts extreme pro-group orientations: A meta-analysis 身份融合如何预测极端亲群体倾向:一项元分析

2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

European Review of Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2023.2190267

Anders Hustad Varmann, Line Kruse, Kinga Bierwiaczonek, Ángel Gómez, Alexandra Vázquez, Jonas R. Kunst

Researchers have productively tested identity fusion theory, aiming to explain extreme pro-group orientations. However, the strength of effects, types of measurements, and study contexts have varied substantially. This first meta-analysis (90 studies from 55 reports, 106 effects, N = 36,880) supported four main conclusions based on the available literature: (1) identity fusion has a strong and positive but very heterogeneous relationship with extreme pro-group orientations; (2) its effect is significantly stronger than that of social identification; however, some evidence suggests that this difference is primarily observed in published rather than unpublished studies; (3) the verbal identity fusion scale has the best explanatory power; (4) identity fusion is most strongly associated with extreme collective action, followed by a willingness to sacrifice oneself, fight or die for the group, and outgroup hostility. We discuss the findings’ implication for identity fusion theory. Based on the literature’s limitations, we highlight avenues for future research.

研究人员对身份融合理论进行了富有成效的测试，旨在解释极端的亲群体倾向。然而，影响的强度、测量的类型和研究背景有很大的不同。第一项荟萃分析(来自55份报告的90项研究，106项效应，N = 36,880)支持基于现有文献的四个主要结论:(1)身份融合与极端亲群体取向之间存在强烈的正相关关系，但存在异质性;(2)其影响显著强于社会认同;然而，一些证据表明，这种差异主要是在已发表的研究中观察到的，而不是未发表的研究;(3)言语同一性融合量表具有最佳解释力;(4)认同融合与极端集体行动的关系最为密切，其次是牺牲自我、为群体而战或牺牲的意愿，以及群体外敌意。我们讨论了研究结果对身份融合理论的启示。基于文献的局限性，我们强调了未来研究的途径。

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引用次数: 2

A social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA): Multiple explanations of system justification by the disadvantaged that do not depend on a separate system justification motive 系统态度的社会认同模型（SIMSA）：弱势群体对系统正当性的多重解释，不依赖于单独的系统正当性动机

IF 7.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

European Review of Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2022.2046422

Mark Rubin, Chuma Kevin Owuamalam, R. Spears, Luca Caricati

ABSTRACT System justification theory (SJT) assumes that social identity theory (SIT) cannot fully account for system justification by members of low-status (disadvantaged) groups. Contrary to this claim, we provide several elaborations of SIT that explain when and why members of low-status groups show system justification independent from any separate system justification motive. According to the social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA), the needs for social accuracy and a positively distinct social identity fully account for system justification by members of low-status groups. In the present article, we (a) explain SIMSA’s accounts of system justification, (b) develop associated hypotheses, (c) summarise evidence that supports each hypothesis, and (d) highlight issues to be addressed in future research. We conclude that SIMSA provides a more parsimonious explanation of system justification by the disadvantaged than SJT, because it does not refer to an additional separate system justification motive.

系统正当性理论（SJT）假设社会身份理论（SIT）不能完全解释低地位（弱势）群体成员的系统正当性。与这一说法相反，我们提供了SIT的几个详细说明，解释了低地位群体的成员何时以及为什么表现出独立于任何单独的系统正当动机的系统正当性。根据系统态度的社会身份模型（SIMSA），对社会准确性的需求和积极独特的社会身份充分解释了低地位群体成员的系统正当性。在本文中，我们（a）解释SIMSA对系统正当性的描述，（b）提出相关假设，（c）总结支持每个假设的证据，以及（d）强调未来研究中需要解决的问题。我们得出的结论是，SIMSA比SJT对弱势群体的系统正当性提供了更为简洁的解释，因为它没有提及额外的独立系统正当性动机。

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引用次数: 6

Rejoinder to Rubin, Owuamalam, Spears, and Caricati (2023): Ideology is not accuracy; identity is not everything; and the social identity model of social attitudes does not explain system justification, it presupposes it 对鲁宾、奥瓦马拉姆、斯皮尔斯和卡里卡蒂的复辩（2023）：意识形态不是准确的；身份不是一切；社会态度的社会认同模型并不能解释制度正当性，而是以制度正当性为前提

IF 7.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

European Review of Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2022.2122319

J. Jost, Jeannine Alana Bertin, Ali Javeed, Usman Liaquat, Eduardo J. Rivera Pichardo

ABSTRACT This article rebuts arguments made by proponents of the Social Identity Model of Social Attitudes (SIMSA), especially the claim that needs for accuracy and a positively distinct social identity are sufficient to explain system justification by members of disadvantaged groups. There are many serious conceptual and empirical problems with SIMSA: (1) It treats system justification as the outcome of neutral, non-ideological processes, adopting a relativistic position about social injustice; (2) It conflates completely different concepts, such as (a) holding beliefs that favour an out-group vs. believing that one is a member of that group, and (b) recognising that status differences exist vs. believing that those differences are legitimate; (3) It is fatalistic, implying that it would be “socially inaccurate and maladaptive” for the disadvantaged to challenge “social reality” by protesting against the status quo; (4) It fails to explain individual differences and within-group variability in system justification tendencies; (5) Most SIMSA hypotheses presuppose the existence of system justification by assuming that the social system is already perceived as legitimate and stable; and (6) Existing evidence is based on experiments that are subject to numerous interpretational ambiguities. We call for an integrative model of social attitudes that incorporates ideological factors – such as whether one is motivated to defend vs. challenge the status quo – alongside needs for self-esteem and positive group distinctiveness.

摘要本文反驳了社会态度社会认同模型（SIMSA）支持者的论点，特别是对准确性和积极独特的社会认同的需求足以解释弱势群体成员的系统正当性的说法。SIMSA存在许多严重的概念和经验问题：（1）它将系统正当性视为中立、非意识形态过程的结果，对社会不公正采取相对论立场；（2）它混淆了完全不同的概念，例如（a）持有有利于外部群体的信念与相信自己是该群体的成员，以及（b）承认存在地位差异与相信这些差异是合法的；（3）它是宿命论的，意味着弱势群体通过抗议现状来挑战“社会现实”是“社会不准确和不适应的”；（4）它未能解释系统正当性倾向中的个体差异和群体内的可变性；（5）大多数SIMSA假设通过假设社会系统已经被认为是合法和稳定的来预设系统正当性的存在；以及（6）现有的证据是基于实验的，这些实验存在许多解释上的歧义。我们呼吁建立一个综合的社会态度模型，将意识形态因素纳入其中，比如一个人是否有动机捍卫和挑战现状，以及自尊和积极的群体独特性的需求。

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引用次数: 2

Social identity explanations of system justification: Misconceptions, criticisms, and clarifications 制度正当性的社会身份解释：误解、批评和澄清

IF 7.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

European Review of Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2023.2184578

Mark Rubin, C. Owuamalam, R. Spears, Luca Caricati

ABSTRACT In this article, we reply to Jost et al.'s (2023) rejoinder to our article reviewing evidence for the social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA; Rubin et al., 2023). We argue that (1) SIMSA treats system justification as the outcome of an interaction between general social psychological process and specific historical, political, cultural, and ideological environments; (2) it does not conflate perceived intergroup status differences with the perceived stability and legitimacy of those differences, (3) it is not fatalistic, because it assumes that people may engage in social change when they perceive an opportunity to do so; (4) it adopts a non-reductionist, social psychological explanation of system justification, rather than an individualist explanation based on individual differences; (5) it presupposes “existing social arrangements”, including their existing legitimacy and stability, and assumes that these social arrangements are either passively acknowledged or actively supported; and (6) it is not reliant on minimal group experiments in its evidence base.

在本文中，我们回复了Jost等人(2023)对我们的文章的回应，该文章回顾了系统态度的社会认同模型(SIMSA;Rubin et al.， 2023)。我们认为:(1)SIMSA将制度正当化视为一般社会心理过程与特定的历史、政治、文化和意识形态环境相互作用的结果;(2)它没有将感知到的群体间地位差异与感知到的这些差异的稳定性和合法性混为一谈;(3)它不是宿命论的，因为它假设当人们认为有机会时，他们可能会参与社会变革;(4)采用非还原论的社会心理学解释制度正当性，而不是基于个体差异的个人主义解释;(5)它以“现有的社会安排”为前提，包括其现有的合法性和稳定性，并假设这些社会安排要么得到被动承认，要么得到积极支持;(6)它不依赖于其证据基础中的最小群体实验。

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引用次数: 1

Dilemmas of resistance: How concerns for cultural aspects of identity shape and constrain resistance among minority groups 抵抗的困境:对身份的文化方面的关注如何塑造和限制少数群体之间的抵抗

IF 7.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

European Review of Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-02-24 DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2023.2176663

Andrew G. Livingstone, R. Spears, A. Manstead, Damilola Makanju, Joseph Sweetman

引用次数: 0

Extending the scope for resistance to gender-based devaluation 扩大抵制基于性别的贬值的范围

IF 7.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

European Review of Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2023.2170854

J. V. van Breen, S. de Lemus, T. Kuppens, M. Barreto, R. Spears

引用次数: 0

Relativity in Social Cognition: Basic processes and novel applications of social comparisons 社会认知中的相对性：社会比较的基本过程和新应用

IF 7.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

European Review of Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2022.2161043

C. Unkelbach, Hans Alves, M. Baldwin, J. Crusius, Kathi Diel, A. Galinsky, A. Gast, W. Hofmann, R. Imhoff, O. Genschow, J. Lammers, Eileen Pauels, I. Schneider, Sascha Topolinski, Mareike Westfal, T. Mussweiler

ABSTRACT A key challenge for social psychology is to identify unifying principles that account for the complex dynamics of social behaviour. We propose psychological relativity and its core mechanism of comparison as one such unifying principle. To support our proposal, we review recent evidence investigating basic processes underlying and novel applications of social comparisons. Specifically, we clarify determinants of assimilation and contrast, evaluative consequences of comparing similarities vs. differences, attitudinal effects of spatial relativity, and how spatial arrangements determine perceived similarity, one of the antecedents of social comparisons. We then move to behavioural relativity effects on motivation and self-regulation, as well as imitation behaviour. Finally, we address relativity within the more applied areas of morality and political psychology. The reviewed research thereby illustrates how unifying principles of social cognition may be instrumental in answering old questions and discovering new phenomena and explanations.

社会心理学面临的一个关键挑战是确定解释社会行为复杂动态的统一原则。我们提出心理相对性及其核心的比较机制作为一个统一的原则。为了支持我们的建议，我们回顾了最近研究社会比较的基本过程和新应用的证据。具体来说，我们澄清了同化和对比的决定因素，比较相似性和差异的评估结果，空间相对论的态度效应，以及空间安排如何决定感知相似性，这是社会比较的先决条件之一。然后我们转向对动机和自我调节以及模仿行为的行为相对性影响。最后，我们在道德和政治心理学的更多应用领域中讨论相对性。因此，回顾的研究说明了社会认知的统一原则如何有助于回答老问题和发现新现象和解释。

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引用次数: 5

The economic inequality as normative information model (EINIM) 经济不平等作为规范信息模型(EINIM)

IF 7.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

European Review of Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2022.2160555

Ángel Sánchez‐Rodríguez, Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón, G. Willis

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new model that aims to contribute to the growing literature about the consequences of economic inequality: the economic inequality as normative information ƒmodel (EINIM). In short, we argue that the level of economic inequality works as a cue that people use to infer the normative climate in a given society – for example, the common features that define individuals, societal attitudes, or institutions. Inferring these norms can potentially guide individuals’ thoughts, emotions, and behaviours; alternatively, people may not comply with the normative climate because they do not identify with such society. We therefore analyse the factors influencing conformity with inequality – normative information. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the EINIM as well as new avenues for research.

本文提出了一个新的模型，旨在为越来越多的关于经济不平等后果的文献做出贡献:经济不平等作为规范性信息ƒmodel (EINIM)。简而言之，我们认为经济不平等的程度是一个线索，人们用它来推断特定社会的规范气候——例如，定义个人、社会态度或制度的共同特征。推断这些规范可以潜在地指导个人的思想、情感和行为;或者，人们可能不遵守规范气候，因为他们不认同这样的社会。因此，我们分析了影响不平等规范信息一致性的因素。我们讨论了EINIM的理论和实践意义以及新的研究途径。

引用次数: 6

Collectively constructing gender-inclusive work cultures in STEM 在STEM中共同构建包容性别的工作文化

IF 7.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

European Review of Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2022.2109294

William Hall, T. Schmader, Emily N. Cyr, Hilary B. Bergsieker

ABSTRACT We review a program of work articulating the concept of inclusion – and approaches for achieving it – for women working in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Maths (STEM) organisations. A multi-level framework is described to characterise inclusion in STEM workplaces. This framework is then used to conceptualise a series of empirical studies exploring women’s experiences of STEM work cultures. Together, these studies show that identity-based inclusion is the product of institutional policies and practices, interpersonal dynamics, and individuals’ beliefs and biases. We then use our multi-level framework to discuss practical insights for creating inclusive cultures in STEM organisations. We offer a series of empirically informed actionable suggestions for spreading and establishing inclusive norms in STEM organisations. Our framework suggests that creating contexts where employees can effectively learn inclusive norms will help organisations construct gender-inclusive work cultures in STEM.

摘要：我们回顾了一项工作计划，该计划阐明了科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）组织中女性的包容性概念以及实现包容性的方法。描述了一个多层次的框架来描述STEM工作场所的包容性。然后，该框架被用于概念化一系列实证研究，探索女性对STEM工作文化的体验。总之，这些研究表明，基于身份的包容是制度政策和实践、人际动态以及个人信仰和偏见的产物。然后，我们使用我们的多层次框架来讨论在STEM组织中创建包容性文化的实践见解。我们为在STEM组织中传播和建立包容性规范提供了一系列基于经验的可行建议。我们的框架表明，创造员工能够有效学习包容性规范的环境，将有助于组织在STEM中构建性别包容性的工作文化。

引用次数: 1

Identities: A developmental social-psychological perspective. 身份认同：一个发展的社会心理学视角

IF 7.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

European Review of Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-08-11 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2022.2104987

Elisabetta Crocetti, Flavia Albarello, Wim Meeus, Monica Rubini

In this contribution, we review research that uses a cross-fertilisation approach to integrate developmental and social-psychological perspectives on how identities are formed and changed over time and how identity processes are genuinely social, being embedded in social contexts and fed by social contents. First, we outline the three-factor identity model as a parsimonious approach to understanding the dynamics of identity development. Second, we review empirical studies with longitudinal approaches to shed light on how identity processes are embedded in key contexts such as family, friendships and society at large through behaviours such as civic engagement. Third, we discuss the interplay between personal and social identities. We conclude by highlighting how adopting a cross-fertilisation approach that combines social-psychological and developmental perspective can significantly advance the theoretical understanding of identity dynamics. Finally, we address similarities and differences between personal identity and social identity approaches, and we provide an agenda for future research.

在这篇文章中，我们回顾了使用交叉受精方法整合发展和社会心理学观点的研究，这些研究涉及身份如何随着时间的推移而形成和变化，以及身份过程如何真正具有社会性，如何嵌入社会背景并由社会内容提供。首先，我们概述了三因素身份模型，作为一种简约的方法来理解身份发展的动态。其次，我们回顾了纵向方法的实证研究，以阐明身份过程如何通过公民参与等行为嵌入家庭、友谊和整个社会等关键环境。第三，我们讨论了个人身份和社会身份之间的相互作用。最后，我们强调了采用结合社会心理学和发展观点的交叉受精方法如何显著推进对身份动力学的理论理解。最后，我们讨论了个人身份和社会身份方法之间的异同，并为未来的研究提供了一个议程。

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