This study aims to examine the antecedents of purchase intention. In doing so, this study aims to identify the relationship between sustainable fashion apparel attributes and purchase intention and in addition to it, it also measures the relationship between positive word of mouth and purchase intention. To gather the data, mall intercept method was used from Islamabad Pakistan. A sample size of 300 customers was used for the study. The results indicate a significant positive relationship between sustainable fashion apparel attributes and purchase intention. In addition to it, there lies a significant positive relationship between positive word of mouth and purchase intention. Marketing managers and practitioners can use this study in devising their strategies related to purchase intention.
{"title":"Impact of Sustainable Fashion Apparel Attributes and Word of Mouth on Purchase Intention","authors":"Rauza, Sumbal Babar, Shumaila Mazhar Khan","doi":"10.61506/01.00291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00291","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the antecedents of purchase intention. In doing so, this study aims to identify the relationship between sustainable fashion apparel attributes and purchase intention and in addition to it, it also measures the relationship between positive word of mouth and purchase intention. To gather the data, mall intercept method was used from Islamabad Pakistan. A sample size of 300 customers was used for the study. The results indicate a significant positive relationship between sustainable fashion apparel attributes and purchase intention. In addition to it, there lies a significant positive relationship between positive word of mouth and purchase intention. Marketing managers and practitioners can use this study in devising their strategies related to purchase intention.","PeriodicalId":476119,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE)","volume":"154 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141388757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bandana Gurung, Junjun Hou, Raksha Gurung Shrestha, W. Elayah
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of foreign loans, foreign aid, and globalization on economic performance in Nepal over the period from 1990 to 2022. Using the ARDL model and diagnostic tests, the study examines various aspects including the influence of foreign aid, foreign loans, economic globalization, social globalization, and political globalization on economic performance. The results reveal significant positive effects of foreign aid and foreign loans on economic performance, emphasizing the importance of effective resource utilization for investment and savings. Policy recommendations include optimizing aid allocation and responsible borrowing practices to maximize their contribution to economic growth. Furthermore, the study underscores the favorable effect of economic, political, and social globalization on economic performance, highlighting the need for policies fostering international trade, cooperation, and investment. Additionally, prioritizing investments in capital and labor, guided by evidence-based policies, is crucial for driving economic growth and productivity. Continuous monitoring and adjustment of economic policies are essential for maintaining long-term stability and sustaining economic progress.
{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Foreign Loans, and Foreign Aid on Economic Performance: Evidence from Nepal","authors":"Bandana Gurung, Junjun Hou, Raksha Gurung Shrestha, W. Elayah","doi":"10.61506/01.00290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00290","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of foreign loans, foreign aid, and globalization on economic performance in Nepal over the period from 1990 to 2022. Using the ARDL model and diagnostic tests, the study examines various aspects including the influence of foreign aid, foreign loans, economic globalization, social globalization, and political globalization on economic performance. The results reveal significant positive effects of foreign aid and foreign loans on economic performance, emphasizing the importance of effective resource utilization for investment and savings. Policy recommendations include optimizing aid allocation and responsible borrowing practices to maximize their contribution to economic growth. Furthermore, the study underscores the favorable effect of economic, political, and social globalization on economic performance, highlighting the need for policies fostering international trade, cooperation, and investment. Additionally, prioritizing investments in capital and labor, guided by evidence-based policies, is crucial for driving economic growth and productivity. Continuous monitoring and adjustment of economic policies are essential for maintaining long-term stability and sustaining economic progress.","PeriodicalId":476119,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE)","volume":"70 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141388986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pakistan is at a crucial juncture where the escalating debt servicing cost of Rs 7.3 trillion is set to consume the majority of the projected revenue of Rs 9.2 trillion, which includes Rs 5.2 trillion allocated to the provinces. This study explores the interaction between debt servicing and external debt stock in Pakistan. It analyzes the impact of variables such as the debt service ratio, fiscal deficit, exchange rate, and globalization on external debt stock, using annual data from 1990 to 2020 obtained from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and the Pakistan Economic Survey. The stationarity of the variables is tested using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. The Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound test is utilized to investigate the long-term relationship among the endogenous and exogenous variables, and the Error Correction Model (ECM) is applied to study short-term dynamics. The findings indicate a negative long-term relationship between debt service and external debt, while fiscal deficit, exchange rate, and globalization show significant positive correlations with foreign debt. The study provides policy recommendations to alleviate the external debt burden.
{"title":"An Empirical Analysis of Short Run and Long Run Association between Debt Servicing and External Debt in Pakistan","authors":"Saira Arsh, Javaria Sarwar, Sana Iftikhar","doi":"10.61506/01.00305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00305","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is at a crucial juncture where the escalating debt servicing cost of Rs 7.3 trillion is set to consume the majority of the projected revenue of Rs 9.2 trillion, which includes Rs 5.2 trillion allocated to the provinces. This study explores the interaction between debt servicing and external debt stock in Pakistan. It analyzes the impact of variables such as the debt service ratio, fiscal deficit, exchange rate, and globalization on external debt stock, using annual data from 1990 to 2020 obtained from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and the Pakistan Economic Survey. The stationarity of the variables is tested using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. The Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound test is utilized to investigate the long-term relationship among the endogenous and exogenous variables, and the Error Correction Model (ECM) is applied to study short-term dynamics. The findings indicate a negative long-term relationship between debt service and external debt, while fiscal deficit, exchange rate, and globalization show significant positive correlations with foreign debt. The study provides policy recommendations to alleviate the external debt burden.","PeriodicalId":476119,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE)","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141396692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ammar Hassan, Hamayun Khan, Arshad Ali, Irfan Ud Din, Abdullah Sajid, Mohammad Husain, Muddassar Ali, Amna Naz, Hanfia Fakhar
In this research, a fast, accurate, and stable system of lung cancer detection based on novel deep learning techniques is proposed. Lung cancer continues to be one of the most monumental global health concerns, which is why there is an urgent need for low-cost and non-invasive screening. Though the diagnostic methods that are most commonly in use include CTscan, X-ray etc. The interpretation by the human eye varies and errors are bound to occur. In response to this challenge, we outline a more automated approach that is based on deep learning models and can be used to classify lung pictures with high levels of accuracy. This research makes use of a large data set of lung scans categorised as normal, malignant, and benign. The first look what the data had in store threw up some correlation with picture size and what seemed to be category differences. Realizing that live feed requires constant input, each picture underwent grayscale conversion and dimensionality reduction. In order to effectively deal with the unbalanced nature of the dataset that was discovered in the study, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) was applied as a technique. In this presentation, three new designs were introduced: Model I, Model 2, and Model 3. Additionally, one architecture was developed with the purpose of merging the predictions of all three models. Furthermore, out of all the models created, the best model emerged as model 1 with approximately an accuracy of 84%. 7%. But the ensemble strategy which was intended to make the best of each of the models, produced an astounding 82. 5% accuracy. The specific advantages and misclassification behaviors of Model 2 and 3, although less accurate than Model 1 but are currently under evaluation for future Model ensemble improvements. The technique developed using deep learning addresses the challenges at a faster, efficient, and contactless approach to lung cancer analysis. The fact that it is capable of operating in tandem with others diagnostic instruments may help reduce diagnostic errors and enhance patient care. We have addressed this issue so that the various practitioners would be able to read this paper and we can go to the next generation of diagnostic technologies.
{"title":"An Enhanced Lung Cancer Identification and Classification Based on Advanced Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Ammar Hassan, Hamayun Khan, Arshad Ali, Irfan Ud Din, Abdullah Sajid, Mohammad Husain, Muddassar Ali, Amna Naz, Hanfia Fakhar","doi":"10.61506/01.00308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00308","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, a fast, accurate, and stable system of lung cancer detection based on novel deep learning techniques is proposed. Lung cancer continues to be one of the most monumental global health concerns, which is why there is an urgent need for low-cost and non-invasive screening. Though the diagnostic methods that are most commonly in use include CTscan, X-ray etc. The interpretation by the human eye varies and errors are bound to occur. In response to this challenge, we outline a more automated approach that is based on deep learning models and can be used to classify lung pictures with high levels of accuracy. This research makes use of a large data set of lung scans categorised as normal, malignant, and benign. The first look what the data had in store threw up some correlation with picture size and what seemed to be category differences. Realizing that live feed requires constant input, each picture underwent grayscale conversion and dimensionality reduction. In order to effectively deal with the unbalanced nature of the dataset that was discovered in the study, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) was applied as a technique. In this presentation, three new designs were introduced: Model I, Model 2, and Model 3. Additionally, one architecture was developed with the purpose of merging the predictions of all three models. Furthermore, out of all the models created, the best model emerged as model 1 with approximately an accuracy of 84%. 7%. But the ensemble strategy which was intended to make the best of each of the models, produced an astounding 82. 5% accuracy. The specific advantages and misclassification behaviors of Model 2 and 3, although less accurate than Model 1 but are currently under evaluation for future Model ensemble improvements. The technique developed using deep learning addresses the challenges at a faster, efficient, and contactless approach to lung cancer analysis. The fact that it is capable of operating in tandem with others diagnostic instruments may help reduce diagnostic errors and enhance patient care. We have addressed this issue so that the various practitioners would be able to read this paper and we can go to the next generation of diagnostic technologies.","PeriodicalId":476119,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE)","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141396139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the effect of monetary policy determinants upon Pakistani export, import, and foreign direct investment using annual data for the period 1980 to 2021. The Bond cointegration tests showed the existence of a long-term relationship among imports and the other variables. Upon analyzing the import model, it was discovered that in the short term, variables such as the exchange rate and money supply exert a significant influence on imports. Conversely, over a prolonged period, the currency rate, inflation rate, and money supply all exert positive and statistically significant impacts on imports. In the export model, the previous values of export and money supply had a favorable impact, though it was not statistically noteworthy. Conversely, the discount rate and exchange rate showed a detrimental effect, but it was not statistically significant. The inflation rate exerted a substantial and favorable influence on exports. Overall, the study's findings deepen our understanding of the complexities of global commerce and provide important perspectives for both policymakers and practitioners in properly overseeing trade agreements. The findings demonstrate the presence of enduring relationships between the variables and offer helpful information regarding the immediate and long-term effects of different variables on imports and exports. These insights are particularly crucial for comprehending the intricacies of monetary policy and trade policy within the specific framework of Pakistan.
{"title":"The Effect of Monetary Policy on Import, Export, and Foreign Direct Investment: An Empirical Investigation","authors":"Moniba Sana, Waqar Muhammad Khan, Shahid Akbar","doi":"10.61506/01.00285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00285","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of monetary policy determinants upon Pakistani export, import, and foreign direct investment using annual data for the period 1980 to 2021. The Bond cointegration tests showed the existence of a long-term relationship among imports and the other variables. Upon analyzing the import model, it was discovered that in the short term, variables such as the exchange rate and money supply exert a significant influence on imports. Conversely, over a prolonged period, the currency rate, inflation rate, and money supply all exert positive and statistically significant impacts on imports. In the export model, the previous values of export and money supply had a favorable impact, though it was not statistically noteworthy. Conversely, the discount rate and exchange rate showed a detrimental effect, but it was not statistically significant. The inflation rate exerted a substantial and favorable influence on exports. Overall, the study's findings deepen our understanding of the complexities of global commerce and provide important perspectives for both policymakers and practitioners in properly overseeing trade agreements. The findings demonstrate the presence of enduring relationships between the variables and offer helpful information regarding the immediate and long-term effects of different variables on imports and exports. These insights are particularly crucial for comprehending the intricacies of monetary policy and trade policy within the specific framework of Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":476119,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE)","volume":"130 S209","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141414033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to better identify how remote work affects employee engagement. This systematic review looks at the advantages and challenges of remote work in a diversity of industries and organizational settings. An extensive review of the literature was done, with an emphasis on research papers released between 2018-2024. 20 peer-reviewed studies were chosen adhering to strict inclusion criteria. This review assessed the methods used to quantify the impact of remote work on employee engagement, the research designs and sampling data that are used, and the primary findings that can be drawn using these studies. Flexibility, employment satisfaction, and productivity all increase with remote work. It does, however, also present several serious difficulties, such as a decline in social connection, obstacles to communication, and problems with work-life balance. If these elements are not effectively managed, employee engagement may suffer. As a dependent variable, employee engagement was studied in two thirds of the research. The study found that employee engagement is complexly impacted by remote employment. Telecommuting can increase autonomy and enjoyment, but it also has substantial drawbacks, including the possibility of isolation and the absence of physical presence. Robust communication strategies and supportive organizational policies are essential for the success of remote working. This research offers valuable insights for creating healthy work environments and helps understand how remote work effects on employee engagement in organizations.
{"title":"A Systematic Review on the Impact of Remote Work on Employee Engagement","authors":"Hafsa Fatima, Zartashia Kynat Javaid, Zainab Arshad, Maryam Ashraf, Hina Batool","doi":"10.61506/01.00306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00306","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to better identify how remote work affects employee engagement. This systematic review looks at the advantages and challenges of remote work in a diversity of industries and organizational settings. An extensive review of the literature was done, with an emphasis on research papers released between 2018-2024. 20 peer-reviewed studies were chosen adhering to strict inclusion criteria. This review assessed the methods used to quantify the impact of remote work on employee engagement, the research designs and sampling data that are used, and the primary findings that can be drawn using these studies. Flexibility, employment satisfaction, and productivity all increase with remote work. It does, however, also present several serious difficulties, such as a decline in social connection, obstacles to communication, and problems with work-life balance. If these elements are not effectively managed, employee engagement may suffer. As a dependent variable, employee engagement was studied in two thirds of the research. The study found that employee engagement is complexly impacted by remote employment. Telecommuting can increase autonomy and enjoyment, but it also has substantial drawbacks, including the possibility of isolation and the absence of physical presence. Robust communication strategies and supportive organizational policies are essential for the success of remote working. This research offers valuable insights for creating healthy work environments and helps understand how remote work effects on employee engagement in organizations.","PeriodicalId":476119,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE)","volume":"26 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141409723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The examination of the interaction among green marketing strategies, organizational identity and innovation performance in medium-large sized firms is addressed in this study. Under the nowadays environmentally concerned and market profundity, such approaches are being adopted as a means of not only satisfy ever-growing legislative environmental standards but also improve marketing competitiveness as well as innovation abilities. The study uses a mixed-methods design, incorporating the analytic tool of structural equation modelling in the quantitative phase, and thematic analysis of interviews and case studies in the qualitative phase. The combination of these two methods yields a rich dataset that reveals how green marketing strategies impact organizational identity, and subsequently, innovation performance. The results show that Green marketing strategies significantly enhance the organizational identity, which in turn leads to the positive influence on innovation performance. The important issues are identified, besides previous literature by the interviewees, the integration of sustainability into the corporate culture, barriers in implementing green strategies, and stakeholder relationships. These emphasized issues give us the deeper understanding of how environment embedded in the firm can drive for sustained innovation and enhancement. Essentially, the thesis does two things. First, it adds to an ongoing body of academic literature on green marketing and the product environments that often drive it; demonstrating that a strong organizational identity built around sustainability can provide a powerful driver of innovation. In doing so, the research supports both why green marketing should be integrated into strategic management, and why corporate strategy should be about much more than looking for the next opportunity to purchase some profitable regulatory easement in a squalid, dying wetland.
{"title":"Impact of Green Marketing Strategies on Consumer Buying Behavior: The Moderating Role of Environmental Concerns in Pakistan","authors":"Ali Majid, Muhammad Shoaib Farooq","doi":"10.61506/01.00295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00295","url":null,"abstract":"The examination of the interaction among green marketing strategies, organizational identity and innovation performance in medium-large sized firms is addressed in this study. Under the nowadays environmentally concerned and market profundity, such approaches are being adopted as a means of not only satisfy ever-growing legislative environmental standards but also improve marketing competitiveness as well as innovation abilities. The study uses a mixed-methods design, incorporating the analytic tool of structural equation modelling in the quantitative phase, and thematic analysis of interviews and case studies in the qualitative phase. The combination of these two methods yields a rich dataset that reveals how green marketing strategies impact organizational identity, and subsequently, innovation performance. The results show that Green marketing strategies significantly enhance the organizational identity, which in turn leads to the positive influence on innovation performance. The important issues are identified, besides previous literature by the interviewees, the integration of sustainability into the corporate culture, barriers in implementing green strategies, and stakeholder relationships. These emphasized issues give us the deeper understanding of how environment embedded in the firm can drive for sustained innovation and enhancement. Essentially, the thesis does two things. First, it adds to an ongoing body of academic literature on green marketing and the product environments that often drive it; demonstrating that a strong organizational identity built around sustainability can provide a powerful driver of innovation. In doing so, the research supports both why green marketing should be integrated into strategic management, and why corporate strategy should be about much more than looking for the next opportunity to purchase some profitable regulatory easement in a squalid, dying wetland.","PeriodicalId":476119,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE)","volume":"25 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141415220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nasir Majeed, Muhammad Umar Farooq, Faiza Choudhry, Muhammad Anas Shahzad Cheema
The current study aims to identify different harmless errors in crimes involving harm to the human body and property. An error that is deemed "harmless" refers to errors made in a judicial decision that do not lead to the overturning of said decision. Many studies have been conducted abroad to identify harmless errors in the background of various subjects, such as constitutional law, criminal law, and civil law. Unfortunately, there is a lack of research on harmless errors in criminal cases in Pakistan. Through the use of qualitative content analysis, this study discovered that despite various issues such as delays, failure to fulfill legal requirements, and incomplete testimonies, the appellate court upheld the conviction of the accused. According to the study, the appellate courts did not give sufficient consideration to the inconsistencies in witness testimonies and other evidence related to minor matters, nor did they adequately address the prosecution's presentation or lack of certain witnesses and evidence. This study will provide valuable insights for both academics and professionals seeking to gain a deeper understanding of the non-malicious errors that can occur in offenses involving harm to the human body and property.
{"title":"Assessing Harmless Errors in Offenses against Human Body and Property: A Review of Court Decisions","authors":"Nasir Majeed, Muhammad Umar Farooq, Faiza Choudhry, Muhammad Anas Shahzad Cheema","doi":"10.61506/01.00303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00303","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aims to identify different harmless errors in crimes involving harm to the human body and property. An error that is deemed \"harmless\" refers to errors made in a judicial decision that do not lead to the overturning of said decision. Many studies have been conducted abroad to identify harmless errors in the background of various subjects, such as constitutional law, criminal law, and civil law. Unfortunately, there is a lack of research on harmless errors in criminal cases in Pakistan. Through the use of qualitative content analysis, this study discovered that despite various issues such as delays, failure to fulfill legal requirements, and incomplete testimonies, the appellate court upheld the conviction of the accused. According to the study, the appellate courts did not give sufficient consideration to the inconsistencies in witness testimonies and other evidence related to minor matters, nor did they adequately address the prosecution's presentation or lack of certain witnesses and evidence. This study will provide valuable insights for both academics and professionals seeking to gain a deeper understanding of the non-malicious errors that can occur in offenses involving harm to the human body and property.","PeriodicalId":476119,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE)","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141399060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Shahid, Khalil Ahmad, Muhammad Amir Inayat, Muhammad Kashif Bhatti
This study intends to find socioeconomic determinants of property crimes in all districts of Punjab, Pakistan for the year 2018. The selected socio-economic explanatory variables are police strength, police proclaimed offenders, poverty, literacy rate, population density, and migrants and the dependent variable is reported property crimes. The ordinary Least Square (OLS) method is used for empirical analysis as the data set and all variables fulfill the assumptions of simple OLS. The results show that police-proclaimed offenders, poverty, population density, and migrants have a positive and significant impact on property crimes in Punjab. Police strength and literacy rate are inversely related to crimes against property. The results indicate that the most dense and populated areas provide more chances for criminals to commit crimes. So, to reduce crimes in Punjab province, the government should educate police officials with modern world technology to improve their performance in controlling property crimes across all districts of Punjab, Pakistan.
{"title":"Socio-Economic Determinants of Property Crime Across the Districts of Punjab: Highlighting the Role of Law Enforcement Agencies of Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Shahid, Khalil Ahmad, Muhammad Amir Inayat, Muhammad Kashif Bhatti","doi":"10.61506/01.00289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00289","url":null,"abstract":"This study intends to find socioeconomic determinants of property crimes in all districts of Punjab, Pakistan for the year 2018. The selected socio-economic explanatory variables are police strength, police proclaimed offenders, poverty, literacy rate, population density, and migrants and the dependent variable is reported property crimes. The ordinary Least Square (OLS) method is used for empirical analysis as the data set and all variables fulfill the assumptions of simple OLS. The results show that police-proclaimed offenders, poverty, population density, and migrants have a positive and significant impact on property crimes in Punjab. Police strength and literacy rate are inversely related to crimes against property. The results indicate that the most dense and populated areas provide more chances for criminals to commit crimes. So, to reduce crimes in Punjab province, the government should educate police officials with modern world technology to improve their performance in controlling property crimes across all districts of Punjab, Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":476119,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE)","volume":"328 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141402003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Muneer Ahmed Shah, Athar K. Shar, Muhammad Ayoob, Faiq Gul Memon
Organizations have traditionally been concerned about employee turnover. An excessive amount of staff turnover might be harmful to the company and its workers. This study looks at how low compensation, deteriorated work environment, low growth in career, and work-life imbalances affect employee turnover in microfinance banks. Every person employed by Larkana City, Pakistan's microfinance banks (N = 100). 80 workers from microfinance banks in Larkana, Pakistan, were chosen using stratified random selection. Google Forms was used to collect the answers to the online survey forms that were distributed to the employees via email and WhatsApp. The links between the independent factors and employee turnover are examined using regression analysis with SPSS software. Each scale had strong internal consistency, as indicated by Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients is .799. The research discovered a strong correlation between employee turnover and low compensation (β = 0.249, p < 0.001), a deteriorating work environment (β = 0.272, p < 0.001), low career growth (β = 0.358, p < 0.001), and work-life imbalances (β = 0.282, p < 0.001). In order to lower employee turnover in microfinance banks, the study emphasizes how critical it is to address these work-related issues. According to the research, in order to increase staff retention and organizational performance, microfinance banks should give priority to market-based pay, make improvements to the internal work environment, offer possibilities for career advancement, and encourage work-life balance.
{"title":"Implications of Low Compensation, Deteriorated Work Environment, Low Growth in Career and Work-Life Imbalances on Employee Turnover in Microfinance Banks of Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"Syed Muneer Ahmed Shah, Athar K. Shar, Muhammad Ayoob, Faiq Gul Memon","doi":"10.61506/01.00299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00299","url":null,"abstract":"Organizations have traditionally been concerned about employee turnover. An excessive amount of staff turnover might be harmful to the company and its workers. This study looks at how low compensation, deteriorated work environment, low growth in career, and work-life imbalances affect employee turnover in microfinance banks. Every person employed by Larkana City, Pakistan's microfinance banks (N = 100). 80 workers from microfinance banks in Larkana, Pakistan, were chosen using stratified random selection. Google Forms was used to collect the answers to the online survey forms that were distributed to the employees via email and WhatsApp. The links between the independent factors and employee turnover are examined using regression analysis with SPSS software. Each scale had strong internal consistency, as indicated by Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients is .799. The research discovered a strong correlation between employee turnover and low compensation (β = 0.249, p < 0.001), a deteriorating work environment (β = 0.272, p < 0.001), low career growth (β = 0.358, p < 0.001), and work-life imbalances (β = 0.282, p < 0.001). In order to lower employee turnover in microfinance banks, the study emphasizes how critical it is to address these work-related issues. According to the research, in order to increase staff retention and organizational performance, microfinance banks should give priority to market-based pay, make improvements to the internal work environment, offer possibilities for career advancement, and encourage work-life balance.","PeriodicalId":476119,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE)","volume":"89 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141408481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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