Pub Date : 2022-02-08DOI: 10.1177/14624745221079000
Jamie Buchan
were efforts to change the narrative regarding the problematic outcomes of mano dura and the reasons for increased violence in the archipelago. The police were not bringing solutions, thus residents replicated Chicago’s Cure Violence Model by creating their own program of violence interrupters named Acuerdo de Paz built on a feminist framework that paid its workers a living wage. The workers reached out to young people encountering obstacles in a complex social context. They utilized developing a different form of consciousness to disrupt gendered expectations regarding how to respond to personal affronts. Resistance also came from the involvement of university students working to ensure better access and resources at public universities. In addition, social media was utilized to change the perception of victimization and how traditional thinking about who was worthy and unworthy maintained many classist, racist, and sexist viewpoints. In summary, LeBrón’s interdisciplinary training provides a refreshing analysis to the contemporary challenges in Puerto Rico as a colonial possession of the United States. The book shines in outlining how political leaders in the territory ignored, neglected, and targeted certain segments of the population. The use of the Puerto Rican Police Department and National Guard resulted in enhanced inequality. As an act of survival from violent victimization and incarceration, residents created several forms of self-help strategies that lacked ongoing institutional support. Resolving these challenges may be more difficult after Hurricane María in 2017. I look forward to learning more from Dr. Marisol LeBrón, regarding these evolving changes, as residents pursue solidarity and mutual support in the face of inequality maintained by punitive governance.
努力改变关于马诺杜拉事件的问题结果以及该群岛暴力事件增加的原因的说法。警方没有提出解决方案，因此居民们复制了芝加哥的“治愈暴力模式”，创建了自己的名为“Acuerdo de Paz”的暴力打断者项目，该项目建立在向工人支付生活工资的女权主义框架之上。工人们向在复杂的社会环境中遇到障碍的年轻人伸出援手。他们利用发展一种不同形式的意识来打破性别对如何应对个人冒犯的期望。阻力还来自于大学生的参与，他们努力确保公立大学有更好的机会和资源。此外，社交媒体被用来改变人们对受害的看法，以及关于谁值得和不值得的传统思维如何维持许多阶级主义、种族主义和性别歧视的观点。总之，LeBrón的跨学科培训为波多黎各作为美国殖民地的当代挑战提供了令人耳目一新的分析。这本书精彩地概述了该地区的政治领导人是如何忽视、忽视和针对某些人群的。波多黎各警察局和国民警卫队的使用加剧了不平等现象。作为一种从暴力受害和监禁中生存的行为，居民们创造了几种形式的自助策略，但缺乏持续的制度支持。在2017年的飓风玛丽亚之后，解决这些挑战可能会更加困难。我期待着从Marisol LeBrón博士那里了解更多关于这些不断演变的变化，因为面对惩罚性治理所维持的不平等，居民们寻求团结和相互支持。
{"title":"Matt Tidmarsh, Professionalism in Probation: Making Sense of Marketisation","authors":"Jamie Buchan","doi":"10.1177/14624745221079000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14624745221079000","url":null,"abstract":"were efforts to change the narrative regarding the problematic outcomes of mano dura and the reasons for increased violence in the archipelago. The police were not bringing solutions, thus residents replicated Chicago’s Cure Violence Model by creating their own program of violence interrupters named Acuerdo de Paz built on a feminist framework that paid its workers a living wage. The workers reached out to young people encountering obstacles in a complex social context. They utilized developing a different form of consciousness to disrupt gendered expectations regarding how to respond to personal affronts. Resistance also came from the involvement of university students working to ensure better access and resources at public universities. In addition, social media was utilized to change the perception of victimization and how traditional thinking about who was worthy and unworthy maintained many classist, racist, and sexist viewpoints. In summary, LeBrón’s interdisciplinary training provides a refreshing analysis to the contemporary challenges in Puerto Rico as a colonial possession of the United States. The book shines in outlining how political leaders in the territory ignored, neglected, and targeted certain segments of the population. The use of the Puerto Rican Police Department and National Guard resulted in enhanced inequality. As an act of survival from violent victimization and incarceration, residents created several forms of self-help strategies that lacked ongoing institutional support. Resolving these challenges may be more difficult after Hurricane María in 2017. I look forward to learning more from Dr. Marisol LeBrón, regarding these evolving changes, as residents pursue solidarity and mutual support in the face of inequality maintained by punitive governance.","PeriodicalId":47626,"journal":{"name":"Punishment & Society-International Journal of Penology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1144 - 1147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43754914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1177/14624745221076768
Alexandra L Cox
{"title":"Carl Suddler, Presumed Criminal: Black Youth and the Justice System in Postwar New York","authors":"Alexandra L Cox","doi":"10.1177/14624745221076768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14624745221076768","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47626,"journal":{"name":"Punishment & Society-International Journal of Penology","volume":"25 1","pages":"822 - 823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46156815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.1177/14624745221076774
S. Daly
In March 1980, fifty men suffocated to death in the back of a police van, known as a Black Maria, in Lagos, Nigeria. In the Black Maria Tragedy, as it came to be called, several currents of Nigeria’s postcolonial history converged. They included the persistent problem of crime, the question of how much power to give men in uniform, and the problems of migration and regional integration (most of the victims came from neighboring countries). This article examines the 1980 incident not only for what it reveals about Nigeria, but about the larger workings of punishment in a postcolonial state. What techniques of punishment endured after the end of colonialism? Which of them did African governments find useful, and which did they discard? Where did the technology of the Black Maria come from, and what part did it play in the machinery of the Nigerian state? Looking beyond Nigeria, the Black Maria incident suggests that prison transport is an important part of the carceral landscape – and one that is easy to miss.
1980年3月，在尼日利亚拉各斯，50名男子在一辆被称为“黑色玛丽亚”的警车后面窒息而死。在后来被称为“黑玛丽亚悲剧”(Black Maria Tragedy)的这场悲剧中，尼日利亚后殖民历史的几股潮流汇聚在一起。这些问题包括长期存在的犯罪问题、给穿制服的人多少权力的问题，以及移民和地区一体化的问题(大多数受害者来自邻国)。这篇文章检视1980年的事件，不只是因为它揭露奈及利亚，也因为它揭露后殖民国家的惩罚运作。殖民主义结束后，哪些惩罚手段得以保留?非洲政府发现哪些有用，哪些被抛弃了?黑玛利亚的技术是从哪里来的，它在尼日利亚国家机器中扮演了什么角色?放眼尼日利亚之外，“黑玛丽亚”事件表明，监狱运输是监狱景观的一个重要组成部分——也是一个很容易被忽视的部分。
{"title":"Death in a Black Maria: Transport as punishment in an African carceral state","authors":"S. Daly","doi":"10.1177/14624745221076774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14624745221076774","url":null,"abstract":"In March 1980, fifty men suffocated to death in the back of a police van, known as a Black Maria, in Lagos, Nigeria. In the Black Maria Tragedy, as it came to be called, several currents of Nigeria’s postcolonial history converged. They included the persistent problem of crime, the question of how much power to give men in uniform, and the problems of migration and regional integration (most of the victims came from neighboring countries). This article examines the 1980 incident not only for what it reveals about Nigeria, but about the larger workings of punishment in a postcolonial state. What techniques of punishment endured after the end of colonialism? Which of them did African governments find useful, and which did they discard? Where did the technology of the Black Maria come from, and what part did it play in the machinery of the Nigerian state? Looking beyond Nigeria, the Black Maria incident suggests that prison transport is an important part of the carceral landscape – and one that is easy to miss.","PeriodicalId":47626,"journal":{"name":"Punishment & Society-International Journal of Penology","volume":"24 1","pages":"857 - 872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44805404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.1177/14624745211068870
Dorina Damsa
A humane approach to punishment has been integral to the work of the Danish Prisons and Probation Service. However, Danish penal policy has recently taken a punitive turn. What happens when punitive policies are adopted by a penal regime built on a humane approach to punishment? To address this question, this article focuses on prison officers at Vestre prison and how they adapt to punitive political decisions and prison policies. The increased focus on security in Danish prisons is considered, together with limitations set on welfare services available to non-citizen prisoners. Examination of officers’ subjectivities at Vestre prison shows that punitive penal policies have produced an environment fraught with tensions that affect prison work, institutional culture, and the officers’ professional identity. These findings also raise questions about the shifting nature of Danish penal power.
{"title":"‘This is not what I signed up for’ – Danish prison officers’ attitudes towards more punitive penal policies","authors":"Dorina Damsa","doi":"10.1177/14624745211068870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14624745211068870","url":null,"abstract":"A humane approach to punishment has been integral to the work of the Danish Prisons and Probation Service. However, Danish penal policy has recently taken a punitive turn. What happens when punitive policies are adopted by a penal regime built on a humane approach to punishment? To address this question, this article focuses on prison officers at Vestre prison and how they adapt to punitive political decisions and prison policies. The increased focus on security in Danish prisons is considered, together with limitations set on welfare services available to non-citizen prisoners. Examination of officers’ subjectivities at Vestre prison shows that punitive penal policies have produced an environment fraught with tensions that affect prison work, institutional culture, and the officers’ professional identity. These findings also raise questions about the shifting nature of Danish penal power.","PeriodicalId":47626,"journal":{"name":"Punishment & Society-International Journal of Penology","volume":"25 1","pages":"430 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43073083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1177/14624745211062869
Aimee Muirhead, Michelle Butler, G. Davidson
For decades, researchers have sought to understand the impact of imprisonment; yet we have a limited understanding of the lived experience of cell-sharing. To address this gap in knowledge, this paper draws on 37 semi-structured interviews with imprisoned adult men in Northern Ireland. While demonstrating that, for most, cell-sharing was a negative experience, imbued with discomfort, unease and distress, a new conceptual framework is presented that seeks to understand the tactics people use to manage cell-sharing, influences on their choice of tactics and the potential repercussions of these tactics. Potential implications for policy and practice are also discussed.
{"title":"Surviving cell-sharing: Resistance, cooperation and collaboration","authors":"Aimee Muirhead, Michelle Butler, G. Davidson","doi":"10.1177/14624745211062869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14624745211062869","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, researchers have sought to understand the impact of imprisonment; yet we have a limited understanding of the lived experience of cell-sharing. To address this gap in knowledge, this paper draws on 37 semi-structured interviews with imprisoned adult men in Northern Ireland. While demonstrating that, for most, cell-sharing was a negative experience, imbued with discomfort, unease and distress, a new conceptual framework is presented that seeks to understand the tactics people use to manage cell-sharing, influences on their choice of tactics and the potential repercussions of these tactics. Potential implications for policy and practice are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":47626,"journal":{"name":"Punishment & Society-International Journal of Penology","volume":"25 1","pages":"500 - 518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47298678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-03DOI: 10.1177/14624745211063120
Jawjeong Wu
There is robust evidence that Asians are not treated differently from Whites and receive greater leniency than Blacks and Hispanics in criminal punishment. Some research findings even suggest that Asians receive the most favorable sentencing outcomes among all racial/ethnic groups. This line of research, however, has not paid attention to Asian nationality groups. Particularly, it is unclear whether there is within-race variation among offenders from different Asian countries. Using the data compiled by the United States Sentencing Commission to examine whether and how an Asian's nationality affects criminal punishment, this study focuses on sentences imposed on offenders who are Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Korean, Pakistani, and Vietnamese nationals. Results from logistic, ordinary least squares, and Tobit regression analyses indicate that with legal and extralegal factors held constant, Asians of different nationalities face varying odds of incarceration or downward departures, and they receive dissimilar sentence lengths.
{"title":"Within-race variations in sentencing outcomes: Nationality and punishment among Asians in United States federal courts","authors":"Jawjeong Wu","doi":"10.1177/14624745211063120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14624745211063120","url":null,"abstract":"There is robust evidence that Asians are not treated differently from Whites and receive greater leniency than Blacks and Hispanics in criminal punishment. Some research findings even suggest that Asians receive the most favorable sentencing outcomes among all racial/ethnic groups. This line of research, however, has not paid attention to Asian nationality groups. Particularly, it is unclear whether there is within-race variation among offenders from different Asian countries. Using the data compiled by the United States Sentencing Commission to examine whether and how an Asian's nationality affects criminal punishment, this study focuses on sentences imposed on offenders who are Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Korean, Pakistani, and Vietnamese nationals. Results from logistic, ordinary least squares, and Tobit regression analyses indicate that with legal and extralegal factors held constant, Asians of different nationalities face varying odds of incarceration or downward departures, and they receive dissimilar sentence lengths.","PeriodicalId":47626,"journal":{"name":"Punishment & Society-International Journal of Penology","volume":"25 1","pages":"449 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43077663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1177/14624745211048811
M. Bosworth
In this paper I draw on qualitative material from the first complete data set of the ‘Measure of the Quality of Life in Detention’ (MQLD) survey in the UK to reflect on its implication for understanding and challenging these sites. While similarities between immigration detention centres and prisons make it tempting to place the testimonies from people in detention within the framework of the ‘pains of imprisonment’, I propose an alternative reading of these first-hand accounts. Rather than approaching them as sociological statements of suffering, caused by the loss of liberty, I interpret them as political statements which, in turn, demand a political response. Immigration removal centres (IRCs), these people assert, are fundamentally at odds with key values of a liberal democracy. Those detained within them are not considered to be equal members of a shared community of value; rather, their incarceration marks them out symbolically and, quite practically, as outsiders to these ideas. The pain people describe illuminates the need for a new politics of detention.
{"title":"The Politics of Pain in Immigration Detention","authors":"M. Bosworth","doi":"10.1177/14624745211048811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14624745211048811","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I draw on qualitative material from the first complete data set of the ‘Measure of the Quality of Life in Detention’ (MQLD) survey in the UK to reflect on its implication for understanding and challenging these sites. While similarities between immigration detention centres and prisons make it tempting to place the testimonies from people in detention within the framework of the ‘pains of imprisonment’, I propose an alternative reading of these first-hand accounts. Rather than approaching them as sociological statements of suffering, caused by the loss of liberty, I interpret them as political statements which, in turn, demand a political response. Immigration removal centres (IRCs), these people assert, are fundamentally at odds with key values of a liberal democracy. Those detained within them are not considered to be equal members of a shared community of value; rather, their incarceration marks them out symbolically and, quite practically, as outsiders to these ideas. The pain people describe illuminates the need for a new politics of detention.","PeriodicalId":47626,"journal":{"name":"Punishment & Society-International Journal of Penology","volume":"25 1","pages":"307 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49384289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1177/14624745211059318
Hilary M. Jackl
Although the use of person-centered language has increased in recent years, its usage remains limited within the field of criminal justice, wherein terms such as ex-offender are frequently used to describe formerly incarcerated individuals. Research suggests that person-centered language matters for public opinion, but prior work has not examined the effect of language on support for the social reintegration of returning citizens. The present research experimentally manipulates the effects of the language used to describe individuals released from incarceration and the race of a hypothetical returning citizen on the following outcomes: negative stereotype endorsement, attitudinal social distance, and support for reintegrative initiatives. I find that person-centered language significantly reduces stigmatization of returning citizens, which ultimately increases support for reintegrative services. These findings suggest that humanizing changes to criminal justice discourse may have the capacity to shift public opinion and create a social context more conducive to reintegration after incarceration.
{"title":"The effects of language on the stigmatization and exclusion of returning citizens: Results from a survey experiment","authors":"Hilary M. Jackl","doi":"10.1177/14624745211059318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14624745211059318","url":null,"abstract":"Although the use of person-centered language has increased in recent years, its usage remains limited within the field of criminal justice, wherein terms such as ex-offender are frequently used to describe formerly incarcerated individuals. Research suggests that person-centered language matters for public opinion, but prior work has not examined the effect of language on support for the social reintegration of returning citizens. The present research experimentally manipulates the effects of the language used to describe individuals released from incarceration and the race of a hypothetical returning citizen on the following outcomes: negative stereotype endorsement, attitudinal social distance, and support for reintegrative initiatives. I find that person-centered language significantly reduces stigmatization of returning citizens, which ultimately increases support for reintegrative services. These findings suggest that humanizing changes to criminal justice discourse may have the capacity to shift public opinion and create a social context more conducive to reintegration after incarceration.","PeriodicalId":47626,"journal":{"name":"Punishment & Society-International Journal of Penology","volume":"25 1","pages":"471 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43464197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.1177/14624745211054393
Mark Brown, Vikas Keshav Jadhav, V. Raghavan, Mayank Sinha
Southern penal spaces are marked by resemblances and affinities with colonial regimes of control, yet they also reflect quite distinctive postcolonial social and political dynamics found in the global south. Here, legacies of control, forms of exile, status reductions, hierarchical social stratifications and other like forms come together in robust modes of containment suitable for managing ‘marginal’ and ‘suspect’ populations. We draw on ethnographic empirical work with two hunting nomadic groups in India by two of the co-authors who are working with the Kheria Sabar community in Purulia district in West Bengal and Pardhi community in Mumbai. The latter were subject to notification under the notorious Criminal Tribes Act 1871, marking them out as ‘criminal tribes’ until their de-notification shortly after India's independence in 1947, yet the Kheria Sabars too feel its effects. We draw attention here to the continual negotiation and (re)fabrication of both state and citizen at the point of their everyday contact. Our notion of southern penal spaces contributes to penal theory by breaking from northern societies’ focus on institutional carcerality and capturing instead both the variety and the dispersal of penal and punitive practices found in postcolonial societies of the south.
{"title":"Imperial legacies and southern penal spaces: A study of hunting nomads in postcolonial India","authors":"Mark Brown, Vikas Keshav Jadhav, V. Raghavan, Mayank Sinha","doi":"10.1177/14624745211054393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14624745211054393","url":null,"abstract":"Southern penal spaces are marked by resemblances and affinities with colonial regimes of control, yet they also reflect quite distinctive postcolonial social and political dynamics found in the global south. Here, legacies of control, forms of exile, status reductions, hierarchical social stratifications and other like forms come together in robust modes of containment suitable for managing ‘marginal’ and ‘suspect’ populations. We draw on ethnographic empirical work with two hunting nomadic groups in India by two of the co-authors who are working with the Kheria Sabar community in Purulia district in West Bengal and Pardhi community in Mumbai. The latter were subject to notification under the notorious Criminal Tribes Act 1871, marking them out as ‘criminal tribes’ until their de-notification shortly after India's independence in 1947, yet the Kheria Sabars too feel its effects. We draw attention here to the continual negotiation and (re)fabrication of both state and citizen at the point of their everyday contact. Our notion of southern penal spaces contributes to penal theory by breaking from northern societies’ focus on institutional carcerality and capturing instead both the variety and the dispersal of penal and punitive practices found in postcolonial societies of the south.","PeriodicalId":47626,"journal":{"name":"Punishment & Society-International Journal of Penology","volume":"23 1","pages":"675 - 696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44312585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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