Journal of Child Sexual Abuse最新文献

While media reports of educator sexual misconduct (ESM) often note educators' use of electronic communication, few have systematically explored electronic communication use in ESM. This study describes educators who use electronic communication when committing sexual misconduct and the nature of this communication. The author inductively and deductively coded Kentucky Education Professional Standards Board disciplinary action records (N = 74) to descriptively and statistically analyze electronic communication use by educator characteristics. In this sample, most educators used electronic communication and committed misconduct both in-person and through electronic means. Educators who were male, taught middle school, or held a Rank III certification more often committed misconduct solely through electronic communication. Future research recommendations and ESM prevention, such as proactive policies and trainings targeting electronic communication, are discussed.

Tanzania mandated reporting laws aim to identify and address child abuse, yet healthcare students' awareness and reporting are limited. This study assessed training's impact on their knowledge of reporting laws and handling confidential child abuse data. The study involved 412 medical and nursing students in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), with 206 participants receiving sexual health training and a waitlist control group of equal size receiving no intervention. Baseline and 3-month follow-up assessments evaluated knowledge of mandatory reporting laws and recording practices. At the 3-month follow-up, the control group showed minimal knowledge improvement (+7.5% for item 1, -6% for item 2), whereas the intervention group showed significant gains (23.7% for item 1, 0.7% for item 2). Additionally, notable disparity in total scores for reporting and recording between the groups emerged from baseline to follow-up (t = -3.682, p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.365). The intervention group (M = 0.527, SD = 1.630) had a larger mean difference score than the control group (M = -0.044, SD = 1.499). Therefore, the training significantly improved students' knowledge of mandatory reporting laws and the recording of clients' confidential information.

Although men and women generally receive positive and negative reactions to childhood sexual abuse (CSA) disclosure (Filipas & Ullman, 2001), negative reactions are more common (Gagnier & Collin-Vézina, 2016). Negative disclosure reactions - such as disbelieving, retaliating against, or distracting the survivor - are both prevalent and associated with poorer post-abuse recovery and well-being (Kennedy & Prock, 2018; Ullman, 2010). For male survivors in particular, the responses one receives from others following disclosure may complicate one's sense of masculinity. Thus, the present study explored the nature of the association between negative reactions to CSA disclosure and masculinity norm adherence between men and women who are CSA survivors. Participants (N = 299; M_age = 35.9; 52.8% women; 77.9% White) - who disclosed their CSA to at least one person - completed self-report measures pertaining to social reactions to CSA disclosure and adherence to various masculinity norms. Negative reactions to CSA disclosure were significantly, positively correlated with Winning (r = .20), Playboy (r = .42), Heterosexual Self-Presentation (r = .42), and Power over Women (r = .71) masculinity norms. Moderation analyses revealed that at low levels of negative reactions, men endorsed higher Power Over Women and Playboy adherence; at high levels of negative reactions, women endorsed these norms almost as much as men did. Findings highlight important differences in adherence that shed light on the impact of negative disclosures on masculine ideologies.

Research has shown child sexual abuse (CSA) within youth-serving organizations (YSOs) often went undetected for decades, which may in part be due to the use of sexual grooming behaviors. One such YSO is the Boy Scouts of America (BSA), with nearly 100,000 individuals alleging CSA within this organization. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of CSA within the BSA and the presence of sexual grooming behaviors as described by the Sexual Grooming Model. Files (n = 156) were coded from a public database of volunteers who were expelled from BSA due to suspicions of CSA from the 1960s through 1990s. Results provided an overview of who perpetrated and experienced CSA, as well as characteristics of the abuse itself. There was evidence of sexual grooming in many cases; behaviors related to gaining access to and isolating the child were most common, followed by tactics used to develop trust and desensitize the child. These findings are discussed as they pertain to the identification and prevention of CSA, including the importance of providing training informed by sexual grooming that may occur in YSOs, screening and monitoring individuals seeking placements in YSOs, establishing procedures that limit alone time with children, and policies prohibiting volunteer's involvement in the changing and bathing of minors.

The current study examines the way sexual harassment, a specific facet of educator sexual misconduct, is experienced by secondary school students. The qualitative component of an online survey was completed by participants aged 18+ who had attended secondary school in Ireland (n = 85) or the UK (n = 74), and who were recruited to participate via social media. Participants were asked to describe the incident of educator-student sexual harassment they experienced that had the greatest effect on them. Data were analyzed using a deductive approach to thematic analysis and coded into topic summary themes using Fitzgerald's (1995) sexual harassment victimization measure and its respective sexual harassment categories. We also produced an additional theme-the context of sexual harassment. Collectively, these findings can inform educational policies and reporting processes for educator-student sexual harassment, to ultimately support the safety and well-being of all students.

Christianity was founded on the teachings of Jesus, whose words emphasize protecting and honoring children. Jesus' teachings are historically unique for the period with his emphasis on safeguarding children, but the church moved away from this focus. First century Christianity adopted protections for children and harsh consequences for those who would abuse a child. Over time, much of Christianity lost this focus. Now, churches at every level experience countless scandals. More churches have begun addressing this crisis, but many resist accountability and prevention efforts. They minimize, deny, and oppose survivors, causing deep wounds. This umbrella review examines public resources and the authors' experience and expertise to assess the prevalence, risks, and effects of abuse and denialism within Christian communities. It synthesizes insight from multiples sources to inform this analysis. Despite the forces of denialism in many Christian communities, voices are rising, demanding safeguards and accountability. This chorus, led by survivors, gives hope that denialism in the Christian church may one day be overcome. Although this articles focuses on Christian churches, similar issues affect most religions.

The experience of sexual violence (SV) in sport can vary according to contextual factors such as its form, type of perpetrator, and frequency of acts that might impact the risk factors and outcomes of SV. This study aims to explore the heterogeneity of SV experiences in sport using latent class analysis and to compare the victimization profiles based on personal and sport characteristics as well as on outcomes. A sample of 1357 adolescent-athletes practicing an organized sport who reported SV in sport was included in the study. Four profiles of sexual victimization were identified: (a) SV from authority figure (3.5%), (b) sexual harassment from peers (84.5%), (c) low poly-victimized (6.9%), and (d) moderate poly-victimized (5.2%). Overall, the findings suggest that athletes reporting SV are not a homogenous group but do not clearly distinguish in risk factors and outcomes. Results can be used to better target prevention and intervention strategies.

This study documented between-group differences in factors associated with lifetime sexual victimization in a sample of young sexual minority men. Diverse samples of gay (N = 205, age_M = 24.33 years) and bisexual (N = 201, age_M = 23.31 years) men were recruited using the CloudResearch platform to assess recent experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). Participants were categorized into four groups, cross-classified by dichotomous self-reports of (a) childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and (b) sexual IPV. Principal components analysis was used to reduce the number of variables associated with sexual IPV in three domains: Past-year substance use involvement, minority stress, and relationship characteristics, separately for each sample. Gay men reporting both CSA and sexual IPV reported significantly higher mean factor scores for a principal component with high loadings for recent substance use, daily discrimination, relational aggression and relational victimization, compared to other groups of gay men. Bisexual men who experienced sexual IPV reported significantly higher mean factor scores for a principal component with high loadings for five measures of minority stress, compared to counterparts with no history of sexual victimization. Adult sexual IPV among gay men reporting CSA appears to occur in conditions that include harmful substance use, daily discrimination experiences, and relationship violence. Sexual IPV among bisexual men is associated with multiple minority stressors. Our findings highlighted different patterns of risk factors for sexual IPV among sexual minority men, providing information for tailored risk reduction initiatives, including the need for trauma-informed services and specialized training for service providers.