Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-115-124
L. I. ARAKELOVA, A. B. UMAROVA, D. D. KHAIDAPOVA, M. A. BUTYLKINA, Z. S. EZHELEV, A. V. FEDOTOVA
The mechanical characteristics of soils of the same genesis and different land use of Syktyvkar are studied: agrod- ernovo-podzolic urban-stratified soil within the city, post-frost park soil, podzolic soil of suburban territory. The analysis of their relationship with the content of organic matter and granulometric composition is carried out. In agrodern-podzolic urban-stratified soil, the strength properties are largely due to the content of large granulometric fractions (> 0.25 mm), and in podzolic soil - the content of organic matter. Rows of soils were built according to the values of rheological parameters. The strength of structural bonds, estimated by the parameter of the initial modulus of elasticity, is greatest in podzolic soil, a wide range of linear viscoelastic state distinguishes the horizons of agroderno-podzolic urban-stratified soil. Both post-frost and podzolic soil have the same average values of the starting point of the viscous flow region.
{"title":"RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS OF DIFFERENT LAND USE IN THE SYKTYVKAR URBAN DISTRICT OF THE KOMI REPUBLIC","authors":"L. I. ARAKELOVA, A. B. UMAROVA, D. D. KHAIDAPOVA, M. A. BUTYLKINA, Z. S. EZHELEV, A. V. FEDOTOVA","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-115-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-115-124","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical characteristics of soils of the same genesis and different land use of Syktyvkar are studied: agrod- ernovo-podzolic urban-stratified soil within the city, post-frost park soil, podzolic soil of suburban territory. The analysis of their relationship with the content of organic matter and granulometric composition is carried out. In agrodern-podzolic urban-stratified soil, the strength properties are largely due to the content of large granulometric fractions (> 0.25 mm), and in podzolic soil - the content of organic matter. Rows of soils were built according to the values of rheological parameters. The strength of structural bonds, estimated by the parameter of the initial modulus of elasticity, is greatest in podzolic soil, a wide range of linear viscoelastic state distinguishes the horizons of agroderno-podzolic urban-stratified soil. Both post-frost and podzolic soil have the same average values of the starting point of the viscous flow region.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136144065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-3-15
O. A. MAKAROV, M. S. KUZNETSOV, E. V. TSVETNOV, E. V. BONDARENKO, D. R. ABDULKHANOVA
On the basis of testing various varieties of ecological and economic assessment of lands on the territory of the Russian Plain, their systematization was carried out both from the standpoint of the ratio of profi t and loss associated with nature management, and the attribution of these varieties to the areas of economic science that diff erently determine the role of human economic activity in ecological systems.Th e predominance in the Russian Federation of those techniques and methods of ecological and economic assess-ment, which are associated with the defi nition of damage/ harm from pollution, degradation and cluttering of land plots, is shown. Th e results of the approbation of the «Methodology for determining the extent of damage from soil and land degradation» (1994) for agricultural farms located in various regions of the Russian Federation — in the Volgograd, Belgorod, Kaliningrad and Penza regions are presented. It has been established that the damage caused to agricultural lands in all the studied regions is due to the low level of agrotechnical measures carried out here — mainly insuffi cient application of organic and mineral fertilizers, liming of acidic soils (for example, in the Kaliningrad region) and gypsum of saline soils (in the Volgograd region).Methods where the comparison of income and losses is carried out (methodology Y. von Braun, adjusting the value of land based on information about their ecological condition), are the most diffi cult to implement, but the most promising from a practical point of view. Th e results of the adjustment of the cadastral value of the lands of the West-ern Administrative District of Moscow based on the calculation of the indicator of loss of ecological quality of soils are presented. In some cases, the decrease in the cadastral value of land plots was 71% compared to the initial value.It has been established that the assessment of environmental damage refers to the direction of «environmental economics», the assessment of ecosystem services of soils and lands, the adjustment of the value of land based on information about their ecological condition, the assessment of environmental tax/environmental payments, — to the direction of «ecological economics», the methodology of J. von Braun and the assessment of environmental risks of pollution, degradation and littering of land — towards the direction of «green economics».
{"title":"THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF LANDS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION","authors":"O. A. MAKAROV, M. S. KUZNETSOV, E. V. TSVETNOV, E. V. BONDARENKO, D. R. ABDULKHANOVA","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-3-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-3-15","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of testing various varieties of ecological and economic assessment of lands on the territory of the Russian Plain, their systematization was carried out both from the standpoint of the ratio of profi t and loss associated with nature management, and the attribution of these varieties to the areas of economic science that diff erently determine the role of human economic activity in ecological systems.Th e predominance in the Russian Federation of those techniques and methods of ecological and economic assess-ment, which are associated with the defi nition of damage/ harm from pollution, degradation and cluttering of land plots, is shown. Th e results of the approbation of the «Methodology for determining the extent of damage from soil and land degradation» (1994) for agricultural farms located in various regions of the Russian Federation — in the Volgograd, Belgorod, Kaliningrad and Penza regions are presented. It has been established that the damage caused to agricultural lands in all the studied regions is due to the low level of agrotechnical measures carried out here — mainly insuffi cient application of organic and mineral fertilizers, liming of acidic soils (for example, in the Kaliningrad region) and gypsum of saline soils (in the Volgograd region).Methods where the comparison of income and losses is carried out (methodology Y. von Braun, adjusting the value of land based on information about their ecological condition), are the most diffi cult to implement, but the most promising from a practical point of view. Th e results of the adjustment of the cadastral value of the lands of the West-ern Administrative District of Moscow based on the calculation of the indicator of loss of ecological quality of soils are presented. In some cases, the decrease in the cadastral value of land plots was 71% compared to the initial value.It has been established that the assessment of environmental damage refers to the direction of «environmental economics», the assessment of ecosystem services of soils and lands, the adjustment of the value of land based on information about their ecological condition, the assessment of environmental tax/environmental payments, — to the direction of «ecological economics», the methodology of J. von Braun and the assessment of environmental risks of pollution, degradation and littering of land — towards the direction of «green economics».","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136119127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-125-131
I. V. AGUROVA, D. V. SYSHCHYKOV
The purpose of this work was to study the acidity of degraded agricultural soils. The main objectives of the research were to study the actual and potential soil acidity of agricultural lands of the Donetsk Peoples Republic on the example of agricultural farms in the northern part of the Shakhtyorsky district. It was established that the studied model sites are characterized by a slightly acidic, neutral or slightly alkaline medium reaction, which creates favorable conditions for the formation of crops and plant growth. When studying the exchangeable acidity of soils, the ambiguity of changes in its values was established, depending on the location of the model sites, the system of soil content in the crop rotation, the horizon, and other factors. Th e most exceeding the control values of the exchange acidity are characteristic of the slope surfaces of sites where the intensity of erosion processes reaches a maximum (exceeding the indicator compared to the control by average of 8,6%). In the future, increased values of exchangeable acidity may adversely affect the formation of crop yields. Changes in the values of hydrolytic acidity of soils follow the same regularity as the variation in the indices of exchangeable acidity. The most significant excess of the hydrolytic acidity index in comparison with the control was recorded on the slope sites of the fields (increase by 11-17%). The conducted studies confirm the need for constant agroecological monitoring of these lands with the regulation of mineral fertilizers to increase the absorption capacity of soils due to increased values of exchangeable and hydrolytic acidity.
{"title":"ACIDITY OF DEGRADED SOILS OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS OF THE DONETSK PEOPLES REPUBLIC","authors":"I. V. AGUROVA, D. V. SYSHCHYKOV","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-125-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-125-131","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work was to study the acidity of degraded agricultural soils. The main objectives of the research were to study the actual and potential soil acidity of agricultural lands of the Donetsk Peoples Republic on the example of agricultural farms in the northern part of the Shakhtyorsky district. It was established that the studied model sites are characterized by a slightly acidic, neutral or slightly alkaline medium reaction, which creates favorable conditions for the formation of crops and plant growth. When studying the exchangeable acidity of soils, the ambiguity of changes in its values was established, depending on the location of the model sites, the system of soil content in the crop rotation, the horizon, and other factors. Th e most exceeding the control values of the exchange acidity are characteristic of the slope surfaces of sites where the intensity of erosion processes reaches a maximum (exceeding the indicator compared to the control by average of 8,6%). In the future, increased values of exchangeable acidity may adversely affect the formation of crop yields. Changes in the values of hydrolytic acidity of soils follow the same regularity as the variation in the indices of exchangeable acidity. The most significant excess of the hydrolytic acidity index in comparison with the control was recorded on the slope sites of the fields (increase by 11-17%). The conducted studies confirm the need for constant agroecological monitoring of these lands with the regulation of mineral fertilizers to increase the absorption capacity of soils due to increased values of exchangeable and hydrolytic acidity.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136144066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-132-142
G. V. KHARITONOVA, A. V. OSTROUKHOV, V. I. KIM, Z. TYUGAY, V. O. KRUTIKOVA
X-ray fluorescence, electron microscopic, sedimentation analyses and laser diffractometry methods were used to study the composition of bottom sediments of surface watercourses of the Malmyzhskaya Ridge section allocated for the construction of a mining and processing plant (Khabarovsk region, Russia). It is established that the bottom sediments of the coastal zone of the watercourses of the studied area are characterized by a similar gross composition and physical and chemical properties (pH, solid phase density, total carbon content, wetting edge angle CAW). Th ey are mainly represented by fine earth with a high proportion of suspended sediments, in which the fraction of coarse silt prevails (particle size <2,0 mm, <0,1 mm and 0,01-0,05 mm, respectively). It is shown that deforestation in the sources of watercourses accompanied by soil erosion leads to a significant increase in the dispersion of sediments (an increase in the proportion of suspended sediments up to 90%) in the upstream. Downstream, with the distance from the felling sites, the infl uence of deforestation on the dispersion of deposits fades. Th e content of suspended sediment is reduced to values characteristic of watercourses in the catchment area of which deforestation has not been carried out. Significant microaggregation of suspended sediments of watercourses was revealed, the participation of microbiota (testate amoebas of xenosome taxa, diatoms and Fereducing bacteria) in the formation of microaggregates was diagnosed. Th e latter are involved in the formation of vivianite on the surface of ferruginous-clay microaggregates with an increased content of phosphates after fires. The mechanism of formation of toroidal microforms of vaterite in bottom sediments with the participation of cyanobacteria of the Spirulinaceae family is proposed.
{"title":"BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF SURFACE WATERCOURSES OF THE MALMYZHSKY MOUNTAIN RANGE","authors":"G. V. KHARITONOVA, A. V. OSTROUKHOV, V. I. KIM, Z. TYUGAY, V. O. KRUTIKOVA","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-132-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-132-142","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray fluorescence, electron microscopic, sedimentation analyses and laser diffractometry methods were used to study the composition of bottom sediments of surface watercourses of the Malmyzhskaya Ridge section allocated for the construction of a mining and processing plant (Khabarovsk region, Russia). It is established that the bottom sediments of the coastal zone of the watercourses of the studied area are characterized by a similar gross composition and physical and chemical properties (pH, solid phase density, total carbon content, wetting edge angle CAW). Th ey are mainly represented by fine earth with a high proportion of suspended sediments, in which the fraction of coarse silt prevails (particle size <2,0 mm, <0,1 mm and 0,01-0,05 mm, respectively). It is shown that deforestation in the sources of watercourses accompanied by soil erosion leads to a significant increase in the dispersion of sediments (an increase in the proportion of suspended sediments up to 90%) in the upstream. Downstream, with the distance from the felling sites, the infl uence of deforestation on the dispersion of deposits fades. Th e content of suspended sediment is reduced to values characteristic of watercourses in the catchment area of which deforestation has not been carried out. Significant microaggregation of suspended sediments of watercourses was revealed, the participation of microbiota (testate amoebas of xenosome taxa, diatoms and Fereducing bacteria) in the formation of microaggregates was diagnosed. Th e latter are involved in the formation of vivianite on the surface of ferruginous-clay microaggregates with an increased content of phosphates after fires. The mechanism of formation of toroidal microforms of vaterite in bottom sediments with the participation of cyanobacteria of the Spirulinaceae family is proposed.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136144064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-106-116
E. V. TSVETNOV, N. A. MARAKHOVA
The article is devoted to the theory and practice of applying the concept of land degradation neutrality (LDN) for the conditions of the Belgorod region of the Russian Federation. Its basic version is considered, based on the analysis of three sub-indicators, where the assessment of land degradation trends in the study area is based on the analysis of changes in the main indicator - the percentage of degraded land from the total area of the territory, and three sub-indicators of SDG 15.3.1: changes in land productivity, changes in land cover and dynamics of soil organic carbon reserves. As an adjustment to the basic approach of the LDN, it is proposed to supplement it with regional data on soil characteristics. The following soil properties can be recommended as necessary for considering in the evaluation model - the content of humus and nutrients, as well as pH, these characteristics, on the one hand, are largely related to soil fertility, and on the other hand, they are most at risk of degradation changes during human exploitation of soils. Modif cation of the LDN methodology allows not only to clarify the central (umbrella) indicator, but also to identify the relationship of the latter with indicators of agricultural production, in particular, gross crop yields. Analysis of the data using the modif ed LDN method showed that 64.8% of the region was degraded (which is almost 2 times higher than the values obtained by the basic LDN method), which leads to a signif cant loss of crop yield. The article proposes an algorithm for assessing the relationship between land degradation and gross crop yields based on correlation and regression analysis (spatial models).
{"title":"APPLICATION OF BASIC AND MODIFIED METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE LAND DEGRADATION NEUTRALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF STUDYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEGRADATION AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION","authors":"E. V. TSVETNOV, N. A. MARAKHOVA","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-106-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-106-116","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the theory and practice of applying the concept of land degradation neutrality (LDN) for the conditions of the Belgorod region of the Russian Federation. Its basic version is considered, based on the analysis of three sub-indicators, where the assessment of land degradation trends in the study area is based on the analysis of changes in the main indicator - the percentage of degraded land from the total area of the territory, and three sub-indicators of SDG 15.3.1: changes in land productivity, changes in land cover and dynamics of soil organic carbon reserves. As an adjustment to the basic approach of the LDN, it is proposed to supplement it with regional data on soil characteristics. The following soil properties can be recommended as necessary for considering in the evaluation model - the content of humus and nutrients, as well as pH, these characteristics, on the one hand, are largely related to soil fertility, and on the other hand, they are most at risk of degradation changes during human exploitation of soils. Modif cation of the LDN methodology allows not only to clarify the central (umbrella) indicator, but also to identify the relationship of the latter with indicators of agricultural production, in particular, gross crop yields. Analysis of the data using the modif ed LDN method showed that 64.8% of the region was degraded (which is almost 2 times higher than the values obtained by the basic LDN method), which leads to a signif cant loss of crop yield. The article proposes an algorithm for assessing the relationship between land degradation and gross crop yields based on correlation and regression analysis (spatial models).","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135787158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-56-62
N. V. VERKHOVTSEVA, M. V. LUKYANOVA, I. M. KOCHETKOV, E. N. KUBAREV
The paper discusses the problem of reducing the content of ascorbic acid (as a plant-protective antioxidant compound in Solanum tuberosumL. potato tubers) while improving the nutritional regime - the use of complete mineral fertilizer in low doses, humidity and temperature conditions and physiologically optimal for potato growth pH values (weakly alkaline). The possibilities of using exogenous antioxidants (humic preparations) to maintain the level of ascorbic acid in commercial products are considered. Experimental data were obtained in f eld studies on two types of soils and in two climatic regions (Voronezh and Moscow regions). It has been shown that humic preparations can maintain the level of ascorbic acid as an independent top dressing, and against the background of full mineral fertilizer with an increase in yield.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF DRUGS WITH PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PROPERTIES ON THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF POTATO SOLANUM TUBEROSUML. (USING ASCORBIC ACID AS AN EXAMPLE)","authors":"N. V. VERKHOVTSEVA, M. V. LUKYANOVA, I. M. KOCHETKOV, E. N. KUBAREV","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-56-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-56-62","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the problem of reducing the content of ascorbic acid (as a plant-protective antioxidant compound in Solanum tuberosumL. potato tubers) while improving the nutritional regime - the use of complete mineral fertilizer in low doses, humidity and temperature conditions and physiologically optimal for potato growth pH values (weakly alkaline). The possibilities of using exogenous antioxidants (humic preparations) to maintain the level of ascorbic acid in commercial products are considered. Experimental data were obtained in f eld studies on two types of soils and in two climatic regions (Voronezh and Moscow regions). It has been shown that humic preparations can maintain the level of ascorbic acid as an independent top dressing, and against the background of full mineral fertilizer with an increase in yield.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"308 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135791956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-94-105
E. I. KOVALEVA, S. YA. TROFIMOV, S. A. SHOBA
The response of the microbial community of soils to dif erent levels of oil contamination in a model experiment was studied according to indicators: basal respiration (BR), basal induced respiration (SIR), carbon of microbial biomass (Cmic), potential denitrif cation (DNF), methanogenesis, catalase activity. The soils are represented by light chestnut (Haplic Kastanozems Sodic) and meadow-chestnut (Gleyic Kastanozems Chromic) drysteppe zone of the Stavropol area, dif ering in the organic matter content, salinity and the content of physical clay. The intensity of BR increased af er 30 days of the crude oil input into the soils and caused the growth of Cmic due to the activation of oil-oxidizing microorganisms in anaerobic zones of soils. DNF varied in light chestnut and meadow-chestnut soils not directly, that was probably due to the level of organic matter content in soils and their salinity. Catalase activity was a sensitive indicator for the petroleum hydrocarbons in light chestnut soil, but salinity was the determining factor in its activity in meadow chestnut soil. Biotesting with the use of worms Eisenia fetidashowed the inability of test organisms to survive in non-contaminated chestnut soils. A significant indicator that did not depend on natural factors in chestnut soils was BR and related indicators. Catalase activity and DNF have limitations on the salinity factor.
{"title":"THE CHOICE OF INDICATORS FOR THE ECOLOGICAL RATIONING OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN CHESTNUT SOILS","authors":"E. I. KOVALEVA, S. YA. TROFIMOV, S. A. SHOBA","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-94-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-94-105","url":null,"abstract":"The response of the microbial community of soils to dif erent levels of oil contamination in a model experiment was studied according to indicators: basal respiration (BR), basal induced respiration (SIR), carbon of microbial biomass (Cmic), potential denitrif cation (DNF), methanogenesis, catalase activity. The soils are represented by light chestnut (Haplic Kastanozems Sodic) and meadow-chestnut (Gleyic Kastanozems Chromic) drysteppe zone of the Stavropol area, dif ering in the organic matter content, salinity and the content of physical clay. The intensity of BR increased af er 30 days of the crude oil input into the soils and caused the growth of Cmic due to the activation of oil-oxidizing microorganisms in anaerobic zones of soils. DNF varied in light chestnut and meadow-chestnut soils not directly, that was probably due to the level of organic matter content in soils and their salinity. Catalase activity was a sensitive indicator for the petroleum hydrocarbons in light chestnut soil, but salinity was the determining factor in its activity in meadow chestnut soil. Biotesting with the use of worms Eisenia fetidashowed the inability of test organisms to survive in non-contaminated chestnut soils. A significant indicator that did not depend on natural factors in chestnut soils was BR and related indicators. Catalase activity and DNF have limitations on the salinity factor.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135787663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-26-34
O. A. MAKAROV, E. V. TSVETNOV, D. R. ABDULKHANOVA
A detailed review of existing methods of economic assessment of soils in Russia is carried out. It is shown that the foundations of such an assessment were laid and voiced by V.V. Dokuchaev - in public lectures at meetings of the Imperial Free Economic Society. Of the domestic soil assessment systems, the most perfect and holistic is the one created by a group of employees of the V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Institute under the leadership of I.I. Karmanov. T e main elements of this system are the soil-ecological index (a bonus score refecting the level of soil fertility taking into account specif c climatic conditions and terrain) and the tarificategory of the soil type of the assessed site. Modern methods of assessment, including monetization of ecosystem services of soils in determining the amount of damage from land degradation and assessing the value of soils based on the concepts of «zero soil», are analyzed. It is shown that the most promising approaches to the economic assessment of soils are - the assessment of the cost of individual soil properties, the cost of soil modif ers used to improve soil quality, the cost of soils, soils and soil mixtures used for the purposes of reclamation, landscaping and landscaping, the assessment of the cost of ecosystem services of soils for lands of various economic use. Examples of approbation of some methods of economic assessment of soils for the territory of the Educational and Experimental Soil-ecological Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University «Chashnikovo» are considered.
{"title":"HISTORY, CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF SOILS IN RUSSIA (REVIEW)","authors":"O. A. MAKAROV, E. V. TSVETNOV, D. R. ABDULKHANOVA","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-26-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-26-34","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed review of existing methods of economic assessment of soils in Russia is carried out. It is shown that the foundations of such an assessment were laid and voiced by V.V. Dokuchaev - in public lectures at meetings of the Imperial Free Economic Society. Of the domestic soil assessment systems, the most perfect and holistic is the one created by a group of employees of the V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Institute under the leadership of I.I. Karmanov. T e main elements of this system are the soil-ecological index (a bonus score refecting the level of soil fertility taking into account specif c climatic conditions and terrain) and the tarificategory of the soil type of the assessed site. Modern methods of assessment, including monetization of ecosystem services of soils in determining the amount of damage from land degradation and assessing the value of soils based on the concepts of «zero soil», are analyzed. It is shown that the most promising approaches to the economic assessment of soils are - the assessment of the cost of individual soil properties, the cost of soil modif ers used to improve soil quality, the cost of soils, soils and soil mixtures used for the purposes of reclamation, landscaping and landscaping, the assessment of the cost of ecosystem services of soils for lands of various economic use. Examples of approbation of some methods of economic assessment of soils for the territory of the Educational and Experimental Soil-ecological Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University «Chashnikovo» are considered.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135793085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-16-25
P. A. Kozhevin
The possibility of using microbiological indicators of soil «health» to assess the soils. Th e fundamental possibility of quantitative characterization of the functional potential of the microbial system with the assessment of «ecological services» is shown. Thermodynamic criteria of natural microbial system (exergy and specific exergy) allow to carry out diagnostics of soil condition with direct estimation of degradation and damage. System characteristics of soil microbiota allow to approach the solution of many topical problems of functional soil science.
{"title":"SOIL «HEALTH» INDICATORS IN SOIL ASSESSMENT (REVIEW)","authors":"P. A. Kozhevin","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-16-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-16-25","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of using microbiological indicators of soil «health» to assess the soils. Th e fundamental possibility of quantitative characterization of the functional potential of the microbial system with the assessment of «ecological services» is shown. Thermodynamic criteria of natural microbial system (exergy and specific exergy) allow to carry out diagnostics of soil condition with direct estimation of degradation and damage. System characteristics of soil microbiota allow to approach the solution of many topical problems of functional soil science.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"317 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135741694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-63-74
M. V. EVDOKIMOVA
An electronic raster map of the ecological state of lands of Russian regions was prepared for the reference period from 2001 to 2020 based on the characteristics of the primary photosynthesis products derived from Earth remote sensing materials from space in the form of indicators of «productivity», land transformation and dynamics of organic matter content in the soil and their generalizing indicator of sustainable development goals - SDG 15.3.1. Land degradation indicator. T e calculation shows that 2.2 million square kilometers, which constitutes 13% of the territory of Russian Federation, belong to the category of degraded by the end of 2020. 45% of the territory is occupied by land from the stable category, which has not changed over the past 19 years. 41% of the territory belongs to the lands that have improved during the reference period. A statistically reliable nonlinear regular relationship of the indicator of the ecological state of lands of Russian Federation was established in the form of an indicator of the share of non-degraded lands, considering the share of non-established lands with the amount of specif c emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air from stationary sources located on the territory of the subject. T e threshold value of specif c emissions from stationary sources at the level of the subject of Russian Federation was established, amounting to 1610 kg per sq. km. T e probability of exceeding the threshold value of specif c emissions is 37%. T e risk of increasing land degradation with an increase in emissions is typical for 36% of territorial units of Russian Federation.
{"title":"FORECASTING THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF LANDS IN REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","authors":"M. V. EVDOKIMOVA","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-63-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-2-63-74","url":null,"abstract":"An electronic raster map of the ecological state of lands of Russian regions was prepared for the reference period from 2001 to 2020 based on the characteristics of the primary photosynthesis products derived from Earth remote sensing materials from space in the form of indicators of «productivity», land transformation and dynamics of organic matter content in the soil and their generalizing indicator of sustainable development goals - SDG 15.3.1. Land degradation indicator. T e calculation shows that 2.2 million square kilometers, which constitutes 13% of the territory of Russian Federation, belong to the category of degraded by the end of 2020. 45% of the territory is occupied by land from the stable category, which has not changed over the past 19 years. 41% of the territory belongs to the lands that have improved during the reference period. A statistically reliable nonlinear regular relationship of the indicator of the ecological state of lands of Russian Federation was established in the form of an indicator of the share of non-degraded lands, considering the share of non-established lands with the amount of specif c emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air from stationary sources located on the territory of the subject. T e threshold value of specif c emissions from stationary sources at the level of the subject of Russian Federation was established, amounting to 1610 kg per sq. km. T e probability of exceeding the threshold value of specif c emissions is 37%. T e risk of increasing land degradation with an increase in emissions is typical for 36% of territorial units of Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135792162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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