Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-46-62
A. N. Vartanov, L. Bogatyrev, V. Kuznetsov, Ph. I. Zemskov, N. I. Zhilin, V. Telesnina, D. A. Zhulidova, A. Benediktova, M. Karpukhin, M. Kadulin, V. Demin
For landscape conditions in the upper reaches of the river Klyazma, Solnechnogorsk district, Moscow region, the height and reserves of snow cover were investigated, and the chemical composition of the snow was determined. The basis for considering the component composition of snow cover was the geochemical taxonomy of chemical elements based on the characteristics of water migration and abundance. Data from 23 snow sampling points were interpolated in SAGA GIS using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. On this basis, zones differing in the chemical composition of snow are identified. One of the zones is confined to the M-10 Moscow-St. Petersburg highway, while the second borders on populated areas. The area close to the highway is characterized by increased levels of calcium, sodium, aluminum, and chloride ions in the snow cover. The second zone, bordering populated areas, is characterized by a high content of calcium, copper, and manganese in the snow. For the third zone, low concentrations of components in the snow were observed which are characteristic of a superaquatic landscape due to the distance from sources of pollution. The studied composition of snow waters belongs to the bicarbonate-sodium-calcium-chloride class. It has been shown that the height and reserves of snow cover are partially controlled by two factors: the type of elementary landscape and the type of ecosystem. Against this background, the spatial distribution of concentrations of elements and anions in snow is predominantly controlled by the anthropogenic factor.
{"title":"FEATURES OF THE DISTRIBUTION AND COMPOSITION OF SNOW COVER WITHIN THE LANDSCAPES OF CHASHNIKOVO","authors":"A. N. Vartanov, L. Bogatyrev, V. Kuznetsov, Ph. I. Zemskov, N. I. Zhilin, V. Telesnina, D. A. Zhulidova, A. Benediktova, M. Karpukhin, M. Kadulin, V. Demin","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-46-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-46-62","url":null,"abstract":"For landscape conditions in the upper reaches of the river Klyazma, Solnechnogorsk district, Moscow region, the height and reserves of snow cover were investigated, and the chemical composition of the snow was determined. The basis for considering the component composition of snow cover was the geochemical taxonomy of chemical elements based on the characteristics of water migration and abundance. Data from 23 snow sampling points were interpolated in SAGA GIS using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. On this basis, zones differing in the chemical composition of snow are identified. One of the zones is confined to the M-10 Moscow-St. Petersburg highway, while the second borders on populated areas. The area close to the highway is characterized by increased levels of calcium, sodium, aluminum, and chloride ions in the snow cover. The second zone, bordering populated areas, is characterized by a high content of calcium, copper, and manganese in the snow. For the third zone, low concentrations of components in the snow were observed which are characteristic of a superaquatic landscape due to the distance from sources of pollution. The studied composition of snow waters belongs to the bicarbonate-sodium-calcium-chloride class. It has been shown that the height and reserves of snow cover are partially controlled by two factors: the type of elementary landscape and the type of ecosystem. Against this background, the spatial distribution of concentrations of elements and anions in snow is predominantly controlled by the anthropogenic factor.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-84-94
M. V. Evdokimova, A. S. Gorlenko, A. Yakovlev
As part of the study of the ecological state of soils and vegetation in the zone of impact of the Sredneuralsky Copper Smelter (SUMZ), the following tasks were solved: the content of heavy metals in the soils of the test sites laid within the zone of impact of the SUMZ was determined; macrokinetic patterns of seasonal dynamics of the normalized relative vegetation index (NDVI) at the test sites in the zone of impact of the SUMZ were revealed; macrokinetic patterns of vegetation response in the form of NDVI, calculated according to MODIS and Landsat 8 data, to soil pollution by a complex of heavy metals in the zone of impact of the SUMZ were revealed; soil quality was ranked according to the patterns of vegetation response in the form of NDVI to soil pollution by a complex of heavy metals within the boundaries of the natural protection zone (NZZ) of the SUMZ according to 2023. The intra-seasonal dynamics of photosynthetically active biomass in the form of NDVI was modeled using a theoretical growth equation based on MODIS satellite data. The seasonal maximum of the vegetation index at the trial sites in 2012 fell on the 25-28 week. In 2023, it occurred on the 27-33 week, depending on the location of the sampling point. The rate of maximum achievement is characterized by weak intra-seasonal and interannual variation. The patterns of changes in the concentration of photosynthetically active biomass in the form of maximum NDVI for the 2023 season in response to the gross content of a complex of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn) in the soil of the test sites were modeled using the theoretical equation of dose dependence. The maximum permissible level of the heavy metal complex in the soil in the form of a geometric mean, which does not cause a decrease in the values of the vegetation index calculated according to the data of the MODIS and Landsat 8 satellites, was 101 and 106 mg·kg-1, respectively. The analysis of histograms of the distribution of NDVI values within the NZZ was carried out, which showed how the true frequencies of occurrence of the values of the vegetation index correspond to the empirical boundary of the NZZ associated with the maximum dose dependence point identified by the study of the 2012. The nature of the distribution of true NDVI values for the NZZ exclusively fully supports the used zoning theory based on the analysis of dose dependence. The modern boundaries of the SUMZ natural protection zone are 4-7 km away from the center of the sanitary protection zone.
{"title":"ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF SOIL STATE IN THE IMPACT ZONE OF THE SREDNEURALSKY COPPER SMELTER","authors":"M. V. Evdokimova, A. S. Gorlenko, A. Yakovlev","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-84-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-84-94","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the study of the ecological state of soils and vegetation in the zone of impact of the Sredneuralsky Copper Smelter (SUMZ), the following tasks were solved: the content of heavy metals in the soils of the test sites laid within the zone of impact of the SUMZ was determined; macrokinetic patterns of seasonal dynamics of the normalized relative vegetation index (NDVI) at the test sites in the zone of impact of the SUMZ were revealed; macrokinetic patterns of vegetation response in the form of NDVI, calculated according to MODIS and Landsat 8 data, to soil pollution by a complex of heavy metals in the zone of impact of the SUMZ were revealed; soil quality was ranked according to the patterns of vegetation response in the form of NDVI to soil pollution by a complex of heavy metals within the boundaries of the natural protection zone (NZZ) of the SUMZ according to 2023. The intra-seasonal dynamics of photosynthetically active biomass in the form of NDVI was modeled using a theoretical growth equation based on MODIS satellite data. The seasonal maximum of the vegetation index at the trial sites in 2012 fell on the 25-28 week. In 2023, it occurred on the 27-33 week, depending on the location of the sampling point. The rate of maximum achievement is characterized by weak intra-seasonal and interannual variation. The patterns of changes in the concentration of photosynthetically active biomass in the form of maximum NDVI for the 2023 season in response to the gross content of a complex of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn) in the soil of the test sites were modeled using the theoretical equation of dose dependence. The maximum permissible level of the heavy metal complex in the soil in the form of a geometric mean, which does not cause a decrease in the values of the vegetation index calculated according to the data of the MODIS and Landsat 8 satellites, was 101 and 106 mg·kg-1, respectively. The analysis of histograms of the distribution of NDVI values within the NZZ was carried out, which showed how the true frequencies of occurrence of the values of the vegetation index correspond to the empirical boundary of the NZZ associated with the maximum dose dependence point identified by the study of the 2012. The nature of the distribution of true NDVI values for the NZZ exclusively fully supports the used zoning theory based on the analysis of dose dependence. The modern boundaries of the SUMZ natural protection zone are 4-7 km away from the center of the sanitary protection zone.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"79 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-17-23
V. Samsonova, J. L. Meshalkina, M. Kondrashkina, S. E. Dyadkina
Using the example of data from the article by E.A. Dmitriev et al., the estimation of the required number of soil samples to assess the SOC content in the forest biogeocenosis during monitoring studies is considered. Primary data on SOC content were obtained in the spruce forest at 166 points in layers 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm af er removal of the litter. T e sampling was carried out at the nodes of a regular grid of equilateral triangles with 1 m side within a regular hexagon with a side of 7 m. T e SOC content was determined by the Tyurin method. T e original article presents statistics for three zones - near-stem, under-crown and inter-crown space. Spatial variation in all zones and at all depths is high, the coef cients of variation are about 50%. It is shown that the number of replicates required for estimating the average SOC content at a 95% conf dence level in the 0-10 cm layer is hundreds of samples and decreases to tens of samples in the 20-30 cm layer. Since the number of repetitions for testing hypotheses about the equality of means depends not only on the conf dence level, but also on the power of the criterion used, the required number of repetitions increases several times. Sampling with samples taken from the entire vertical layer of 0-30 cm and forming mixed samples from them reduces the number of required repetitions, however, careful observance of sample preparation, including primary mixing of samples, is required.
{"title":"THE NUMBER OF REPETITIONS DURING OF THE SOIL ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT MONITORING IN THE FOREST REVISITED","authors":"V. Samsonova, J. L. Meshalkina, M. Kondrashkina, S. E. Dyadkina","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-17-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-17-23","url":null,"abstract":"Using the example of data from the article by E.A. Dmitriev et al., the estimation of the required number of soil samples to assess the SOC content in the forest biogeocenosis during monitoring studies is considered. Primary data on SOC content were obtained in the spruce forest at 166 points in layers 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm af er removal of the litter. T e sampling was carried out at the nodes of a regular grid of equilateral triangles with 1 m side within a regular hexagon with a side of 7 m. T e SOC content was determined by the Tyurin method. T e original article presents statistics for three zones - near-stem, under-crown and inter-crown space. Spatial variation in all zones and at all depths is high, the coef cients of variation are about 50%. It is shown that the number of replicates required for estimating the average SOC content at a 95% conf dence level in the 0-10 cm layer is hundreds of samples and decreases to tens of samples in the 20-30 cm layer. Since the number of repetitions for testing hypotheses about the equality of means depends not only on the conf dence level, but also on the power of the criterion used, the required number of repetitions increases several times. Sampling with samples taken from the entire vertical layer of 0-30 cm and forming mixed samples from them reduces the number of required repetitions, however, careful observance of sample preparation, including primary mixing of samples, is required.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"47 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-61-69
L. S. Malyukova, A. Velikiy
Soil N defi ciency is one of the main constraints limiting high tea yields worldwide, particularly in Russia. Besides, high dosages of N fertilizers are widely applied for tea plantations, resulting in agrogenic transformation of soils, environment pollution, and a decrease in the tea quality. One of the ways to reduce dosages of N fertilizers is the development of new cultivars with high N use effi ciency. In this regard, the eff ect of genotype on biosynthesis and accumulation of valuable secondary metabolites in tea leaves was studied under optimal N supply and its defi ciency in potted experiment. Th e study was conducted on the most promising local tea cultivars (Kolkhida and Karatum), grown on brown forest acidic soils in the humid subtropics of Russia. Using high-performance liquid chromatog-raphy, the contents of catechins, fl avanols, alkaloids and theanine were evaluated in tea leaves. Our results showed that N availability stimulated the biosynthesis of theanine more than one order of magnitude and alkaloids (caff eine 3–5 times and theobromine 2–3 times) in both tea genotypes; however, it decreased the accumulation of several catechins and fl avanols on average 1,5–2 times. Under optimal N supply, cv. Kolkhida displayed higher accumu-lation of theanine (by 30–60%) and gallated catechins (by 50%) in the leaves, however cv. higher accumulation of alkaloids (caff eine and theobromine) was observed in cv. Karatum (by 10–20%). N defi ciency resulted in greater accumulation of simple and gallated catechins, as well as rutin in cv. Kolkhida, as compared to cv. Karatum. However, the content of the studied metabolites in cv. Karatum was more stable under diff erent nitrogen levels, indicating its lower susceptibility to N defi ciency.
{"title":"REGULATORY EFFECT OF NITROGEN ON THE FORMATION AND ACCUMULATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES IN DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS (L.) KUNTZE","authors":"L. S. Malyukova, A. Velikiy","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-61-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-61-69","url":null,"abstract":"Soil N defi ciency is one of the main constraints limiting high tea yields worldwide, particularly in Russia. Besides, high dosages of N fertilizers are widely applied for tea plantations, resulting in agrogenic transformation of soils, environment pollution, and a decrease in the tea quality. One of the ways to reduce dosages of N fertilizers is the development of new cultivars with high N use effi ciency. In this regard, the eff ect of genotype on biosynthesis and accumulation of valuable secondary metabolites in tea leaves was studied under optimal N supply and its defi ciency in potted experiment. Th e study was conducted on the most promising local tea cultivars (Kolkhida and Karatum), grown on brown forest acidic soils in the humid subtropics of Russia. Using high-performance liquid chromatog-raphy, the contents of catechins, fl avanols, alkaloids and theanine were evaluated in tea leaves. Our results showed that N availability stimulated the biosynthesis of theanine more than one order of magnitude and alkaloids (caff eine 3–5 times and theobromine 2–3 times) in both tea genotypes; however, it decreased the accumulation of several catechins and fl avanols on average 1,5–2 times. Under optimal N supply, cv. Kolkhida displayed higher accumu-lation of theanine (by 30–60%) and gallated catechins (by 50%) in the leaves, however cv. higher accumulation of alkaloids (caff eine and theobromine) was observed in cv. Karatum (by 10–20%). N defi ciency resulted in greater accumulation of simple and gallated catechins, as well as rutin in cv. Kolkhida, as compared to cv. Karatum. However, the content of the studied metabolites in cv. Karatum was more stable under diff erent nitrogen levels, indicating its lower susceptibility to N defi ciency.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-5-16
D. A. Zhulidova, Z. S. Artem’eva, D. M. Homiakov
We created a three-dimensional (3D) model of the spatial arrangement of soil horizons with broken boundaries using digital images. T is technique was tested on a Retisol - an Alf sol with a glossic horizon. Photographs were taken for 11 vertical sections (2.5 cm distance between sections) of the soil prof le for an area of 30 × 45 cm. Colorimetric accuracy of the images was tested against measurements of moist soil samples made with a portable spectrophotometer. T e selected best images were calibrated using an internal color calibration method for color correction. T e images were combined into a common array to build a 3D optical soil horizon map using the CIELAB color space. A protocol for processing the 3D soil images was created that showed 3D soil structure. It was found that the CIELAB color coordinates can be used to distinguish and delineate AE, E, and EB horizons. We then tested the method to assess soil carbon stocks and found that the stocks using the 3D model were 28% higher than when calculated using the 2D model. We conclude that the optical 3D mapping method can accurately represent the 3D structure and can be used to quantify soil horizon variations.
{"title":"METHOD FOR 3D SOIL HORIZONATION USING DIGITAL IMAGES","authors":"D. A. Zhulidova, Z. S. Artem’eva, D. M. Homiakov","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-5-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-5-16","url":null,"abstract":"We created a three-dimensional (3D) model of the spatial arrangement of soil horizons with broken boundaries using digital images. T is technique was tested on a Retisol - an Alf sol with a glossic horizon. Photographs were taken for 11 vertical sections (2.5 cm distance between sections) of the soil prof le for an area of 30 × 45 cm. Colorimetric accuracy of the images was tested against measurements of moist soil samples made with a portable spectrophotometer. T e selected best images were calibrated using an internal color calibration method for color correction. T e images were combined into a common array to build a 3D optical soil horizon map using the CIELAB color space. A protocol for processing the 3D soil images was created that showed 3D soil structure. It was found that the CIELAB color coordinates can be used to distinguish and delineate AE, E, and EB horizons. We then tested the method to assess soil carbon stocks and found that the stocks using the 3D model were 28% higher than when calculated using the 2D model. We conclude that the optical 3D mapping method can accurately represent the 3D structure and can be used to quantify soil horizon variations.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"12 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-33-41
A. D. Galtsova, R. R. Kinzhaev, A. V. Arzamazova, V. A. Romanenkov
T e study investigated the role of optimized nutrition and the development of a mixture of cereal grasses in oil-contaminated typical chernozem soil with a high level of pollution. T e inf uence of dif erent forms of nitrogen fertilizers at a moderate level of plant nitrogen supply in the presence of oil pollution was investigated using indicators that characterize the agrochemical and enzymatic properties of the soil, as well as the productivity and qualitative composition of remedial plants. Soil contamination with oil at doses of 5 g oil per g of soil and 7 g oil per g of soil had a signif cant negative ef ect on the productivity of remedial plants, manifested in a reduction in biomass and the content of major elements (NPK). It was noted that optimized nutrition with mineral fertilizers increases biomass and improves the qualitative composition of plants growing under oil pollution conditions. It was shown that the most favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants were formed when nitrate forms of nitrogen fertilizers were applied compared to ammonium and ammonium-nitrate forms in equivalent doses. A high dependence of the activity of the studied enzymes (catalase, urease, and phosphatase) on the oil content in the soil was noted. When mineral fertilizers used, the enzymatic activity of typical chernozem increases proportionally to the decrease in oil content in the soil, that indicating an intensif cation of oil hydrocarbon degradation processes when mineral fertilizers are applied.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FORMS IN PHYTOREMEDIATION ON OIL-CONTAMINATED TYPICAL CHERNOZEM","authors":"A. D. Galtsova, R. R. Kinzhaev, A. V. Arzamazova, V. A. Romanenkov","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-33-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-33-41","url":null,"abstract":"T e study investigated the role of optimized nutrition and the development of a mixture of cereal grasses in oil-contaminated typical chernozem soil with a high level of pollution. T e inf uence of dif erent forms of nitrogen fertilizers at a moderate level of plant nitrogen supply in the presence of oil pollution was investigated using indicators that characterize the agrochemical and enzymatic properties of the soil, as well as the productivity and qualitative composition of remedial plants. Soil contamination with oil at doses of 5 g oil per g of soil and 7 g oil per g of soil had a signif cant negative ef ect on the productivity of remedial plants, manifested in a reduction in biomass and the content of major elements (NPK). It was noted that optimized nutrition with mineral fertilizers increases biomass and improves the qualitative composition of plants growing under oil pollution conditions. It was shown that the most favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants were formed when nitrate forms of nitrogen fertilizers were applied compared to ammonium and ammonium-nitrate forms in equivalent doses. A high dependence of the activity of the studied enzymes (catalase, urease, and phosphatase) on the oil content in the soil was noted. When mineral fertilizers used, the enzymatic activity of typical chernozem increases proportionally to the decrease in oil content in the soil, that indicating an intensif cation of oil hydrocarbon degradation processes when mineral fertilizers are applied.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"48 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-51-60
G. A. Teregulova, N. A. Manucharova, N. A. Urazbakhtina, N. S. Zhemchuzhina, L. I. Yevtushenko, A. L. Stepanov
One hundred and f f y strains of streptomycetes were isolated from grey and dark grey forest soils, as well as from typical chernozem. T e isolated strains were analyzed in Vitro for antimicrobial activity on nutrient media and in grey forest soil against twenty-three collection pathogenic test cultures of fungi and bacteria. Four biologically active isolates with a wide spectrum of action were identif ed and deposited in the All-Russian Collection of industrial microorganisms of the National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute. T ey were identif ed and deposited under the following numbers : Streptomyces xiamenensis TB ВКПМ Ас-2204, Streptomyces anulatus TG ВКПМ Ас-2203, Streptomyces sindenensis TK ВКПМ Ас-2205, Streptomyces f avovirens TT ВКПМ АС-2202. A study of the ef ect of presowing treatment of wheat seeds by the 15-day cultural liquids of the strains S. xiamenensis TB ВКПМ Ac-2204, S. anulatus TG ВКПМ Ac-2203, S. sindenensis TK ВКПМ Ac-2205 on germination rates and infection with F. graminearum revealed that they inhibited the growth of a pathogenic fungus. Besides, they improved seed vigour and germination of wheat. T e resulting strains of soil actinomycetes can be used in biotechnology with an aim to create the new bioinoculants when dealing with phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. T e strains can also be used for stimulating the plant growth, as well as for soil bioremediation in organic farming. T rough the application of the HPLC method, specialized antimicrobial metabolites of monosporic strain sus-pensions were identif ed. T e identif ed antibiotics are N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide, 1-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethan-1-ol, 2-[(3S)-1-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile, Cyclo(leucylprolyl), Cyclo(phenylalanyl-prolyl). T e identif ed antiseptics are Cetrimonium and Carvone. T e identif ed phytohormone is auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Observation of the dynamics of development of introduced actinobacteria under study in soil samples showed high activity of streptomycetes that use chitin. Analysis of the diversity of the prokaryotic complex of the studied soil samples with the application of the high-throughput sequencing of the conserved region of the 16S rRNA gene method revealed during the introduction of S. xiamenensis TB ВКПМ Ac-2204 that its controlling role in the microbial community is due to its antibiotic-forming activity.
{"title":"ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SPECIALISED METABOLITES OF SOIL STREPTOMYCETES-CHITINOLYTIC","authors":"G. A. Teregulova, N. A. Manucharova, N. A. Urazbakhtina, N. S. Zhemchuzhina, L. I. Yevtushenko, A. L. Stepanov","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-51-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-51-60","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred and f f y strains of streptomycetes were isolated from grey and dark grey forest soils, as well as from typical chernozem. T e isolated strains were analyzed in Vitro for antimicrobial activity on nutrient media and in grey forest soil against twenty-three collection pathogenic test cultures of fungi and bacteria. Four biologically active isolates with a wide spectrum of action were identif ed and deposited in the All-Russian Collection of industrial microorganisms of the National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute. T ey were identif ed and deposited under the following numbers : Streptomyces xiamenensis TB ВКПМ Ас-2204, Streptomyces anulatus TG ВКПМ Ас-2203, Streptomyces sindenensis TK ВКПМ Ас-2205, Streptomyces f avovirens TT ВКПМ АС-2202. A study of the ef ect of presowing treatment of wheat seeds by the 15-day cultural liquids of the strains S. xiamenensis TB ВКПМ Ac-2204, S. anulatus TG ВКПМ Ac-2203, S. sindenensis TK ВКПМ Ac-2205 on germination rates and infection with F. graminearum revealed that they inhibited the growth of a pathogenic fungus. Besides, they improved seed vigour and germination of wheat. T e resulting strains of soil actinomycetes can be used in biotechnology with an aim to create the new bioinoculants when dealing with phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. T e strains can also be used for stimulating the plant growth, as well as for soil bioremediation in organic farming. T rough the application of the HPLC method, specialized antimicrobial metabolites of monosporic strain sus-pensions were identif ed. T e identif ed antibiotics are N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide, 1-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethan-1-ol, 2-[(3S)-1-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile, Cyclo(leucylprolyl), Cyclo(phenylalanyl-prolyl). T e identif ed antiseptics are Cetrimonium and Carvone. T e identif ed phytohormone is auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Observation of the dynamics of development of introduced actinobacteria under study in soil samples showed high activity of streptomycetes that use chitin. Analysis of the diversity of the prokaryotic complex of the studied soil samples with the application of the high-throughput sequencing of the conserved region of the 16S rRNA gene method revealed during the introduction of S. xiamenensis TB ВКПМ Ac-2204 that its controlling role in the microbial community is due to its antibiotic-forming activity.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-70-83
E. Leonicheva, M. Stolyarov, T. Roeva, L. Leonteva
Th e purpose of the research was to study interannual and seasonal dynamics of mobile potassium compounds in or-chard soil and potassium status of apple trees aff ected by foliar and ground fertilization with potassium and nitrogen. Th e investigation was carried out in 2016–2020 growing seasons in soil-climatic conditions of forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Orel region). Th e experiment studying mineral fertilizers’ effi ciency has been running since 2015 in the apple orchard with cv.’Ven’yaminovskoe’. Th e soil of the experimental orchard is loamy Haplic Luvisol. Ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride were used as soil fertilizers with doses N30K40, N60K80 and N90K120. Urea (1%) and potassium sulfate (0,3%) solutions were used for foliar fertilizing. Th e content of mobile potassium compounds was determined in soil samples taken from a depth of 0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm monthly from May to September. Th e level of mobile potassium in root zone of unfertilized plots was relatively constant during fi ve years. At the same time the regular ground fertilization led to gradual accumulation of potassium in the topsoil. Th e accumulation rate depended on the doses of fertilizers. When the soil potassium content reached a range 150 mg∙kg-1 the seasonal fl uctuations of index have intensifi ed and vertical migration of potassium occurred. Th e main factors aff ecting potassium regime of apple trees were: weather conditions, yield and fertilization rates. Conju-gate soil and plant diagnostics showed that the negative eff ect of a decrease in the availability of soil potassium persists in the subsequent growing season, while can be weakened by applying soil and foliar fertilizers. Th e highest yield of apple trees in fi rst four years of fruiting observed with soil fertilization by N60K80 in combination with foliar sprays.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF SOIL NUTRITION AND FOLIAR FERTILIZERS ON SOIL POTASSIUM REGIME AND POTASSIUM STATUS OF APPLE TREES IN RAINFED ORCHARD","authors":"E. Leonicheva, M. Stolyarov, T. Roeva, L. Leonteva","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-70-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-1-70-83","url":null,"abstract":"Th e purpose of the research was to study interannual and seasonal dynamics of mobile potassium compounds in or-chard soil and potassium status of apple trees aff ected by foliar and ground fertilization with potassium and nitrogen. Th e investigation was carried out in 2016–2020 growing seasons in soil-climatic conditions of forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Orel region). Th e experiment studying mineral fertilizers’ effi ciency has been running since 2015 in the apple orchard with cv.’Ven’yaminovskoe’. Th e soil of the experimental orchard is loamy Haplic Luvisol. Ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride were used as soil fertilizers with doses N30K40, N60K80 and N90K120. Urea (1%) and potassium sulfate (0,3%) solutions were used for foliar fertilizing. Th e content of mobile potassium compounds was determined in soil samples taken from a depth of 0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm monthly from May to September. Th e level of mobile potassium in root zone of unfertilized plots was relatively constant during fi ve years. At the same time the regular ground fertilization led to gradual accumulation of potassium in the topsoil. Th e accumulation rate depended on the doses of fertilizers. When the soil potassium content reached a range 150 mg∙kg-1 the seasonal fl uctuations of index have intensifi ed and vertical migration of potassium occurred. Th e main factors aff ecting potassium regime of apple trees were: weather conditions, yield and fertilization rates. Conju-gate soil and plant diagnostics showed that the negative eff ect of a decrease in the availability of soil potassium persists in the subsequent growing season, while can be weakened by applying soil and foliar fertilizers. Th e highest yield of apple trees in fi rst four years of fruiting observed with soil fertilization by N60K80 in combination with foliar sprays.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-50-64
L. G. BOGATYREV, V. A. KUZNETSOV, A. I. BENEDIKTOVA, M. M. KARPUKHIN, V. M. TELESNINA, S. A. BORISOVA, M. S. KADULIN, G. R. GLAZMAN, Z. S. EZHELEV, N. A. SHNYREV, S. A. BIBULATOV, V. V. DEMIN
A comparative analysis of the composition of lysimetric waters for 2021–2022 was carried out. for two groups of stationary soil lysimeters in the city. The first group of lysimeters is formed by the system: fallow — grass phytocenosis — overgrown fallow — spruce forest — mixed and broadleaved plantation, developing on the same type of mantle loam. The second group of lysimeters represents soils with different types of tillage: conventional plowing, extradeep planting according to Bushinsky, plowing according to Mosolov, deep plowing according to Kachinsky.For both groups, the same type of migration of components is shown, in which the most migrating elements are carbon, mono- and divalent cations, and chloride ion, with minimal migration of iron, manganese, and aluminum.In the group of lysimeters under various types of vegetation, as the tree canopy develops and, accordingly, the intensity of the biological cycle increases in migrating waters, the concentration of such important biophilic elements as magnesium, calcium, potassium, and carbon increases significantly, and among anions, chloride and sulfate ions. This determines, within the framework of the cluster analysis, two different subgroups in terms of the composition of natural waters: the first one is formed by the fallow-grass phytocenosis — overgrown fallow system, and the second one combines tree plantations.In the group of lysimeters with different tillage, a cluster characterizes the composition of water in lysimeters with reclamation plowing according to Mosolov and deep plowing according to Kachinsky. At the same time, individual aggregates form lysimeters with conventional plowing and ultradeep planting according to Bushinsky. This is explained by the fact that in this group of lysimeters, the initially created soil profile design is transformed, which is characterized by the placement of eluvial and illuvial soil horizons in various combinations and at different depths depending on the type of plowing.
{"title":"ON THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF LYSIMETRIC WATER UNDER CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENT SOIL TREATMENT AND UNDER PHYTOCENOSES","authors":"L. G. BOGATYREV, V. A. KUZNETSOV, A. I. BENEDIKTOVA, M. M. KARPUKHIN, V. M. TELESNINA, S. A. BORISOVA, M. S. KADULIN, G. R. GLAZMAN, Z. S. EZHELEV, N. A. SHNYREV, S. A. BIBULATOV, V. V. DEMIN","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-50-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-50-64","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative analysis of the composition of lysimetric waters for 2021–2022 was carried out. for two groups of stationary soil lysimeters in the city. The first group of lysimeters is formed by the system: fallow — grass phytocenosis — overgrown fallow — spruce forest — mixed and broadleaved plantation, developing on the same type of mantle loam. The second group of lysimeters represents soils with different types of tillage: conventional plowing, extradeep planting according to Bushinsky, plowing according to Mosolov, deep plowing according to Kachinsky.For both groups, the same type of migration of components is shown, in which the most migrating elements are carbon, mono- and divalent cations, and chloride ion, with minimal migration of iron, manganese, and aluminum.In the group of lysimeters under various types of vegetation, as the tree canopy develops and, accordingly, the intensity of the biological cycle increases in migrating waters, the concentration of such important biophilic elements as magnesium, calcium, potassium, and carbon increases significantly, and among anions, chloride and sulfate ions. This determines, within the framework of the cluster analysis, two different subgroups in terms of the composition of natural waters: the first one is formed by the fallow-grass phytocenosis — overgrown fallow system, and the second one combines tree plantations.In the group of lysimeters with different tillage, a cluster characterizes the composition of water in lysimeters with reclamation plowing according to Mosolov and deep plowing according to Kachinsky. At the same time, individual aggregates form lysimeters with conventional plowing and ultradeep planting according to Bushinsky. This is explained by the fact that in this group of lysimeters, the initially created soil profile design is transformed, which is characterized by the placement of eluvial and illuvial soil horizons in various combinations and at different depths depending on the type of plowing.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136119967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-103-114
S. A. KULACHKOVA, E. N. DEREVENETS, P. S. KOROLEV, V. V. PRONINA
Due to the need to develop technologies for reducing carbon dioxide emissions and increasing the C-absorption capacity of natural and anthropogenic ecosystems, the possibility of using mineral fertilizers to regulate microbial respiration and CO2 emissions from urban lawn soils was evaluated. The studies were carried out on the territory of the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University on the Lenin Hills in a small-plot experiment with the fractional application of four types of complex fertilizers (NPKS 27:6:6:2, NPKS 21:10:10:2, NPK 15:15:15 and NPK 18:18:18 + 3 MgO + trace elements (TE)) at doses of 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 during the growing season. The carbon content of microbial biomass (Cmic) using substrate-induced respiration was studied, the basal respiration (BR) of soils was estimated, and the emission of CO2 from soils using closed static chambers was determined. Тhe Cmic content in the soil of the control plot in the summer period varied within 1300–1450 μg·g-1. The application of NPKS 21:10:10:2 and NPK 18:18:18 + 3 MgO + TE at a low dose increased the Cmic content by 12–35% for two weeks, then it de-creased. The application of all fertilizers for a short period increased basal respiration of soils and CO2 emission, maximum on the 6th day. Aft er two weeks, the increase in the intensity of BR and CO2 emission decreased or it reached the control values (1,5 μg C-CO2·g-1·h-1 and 500 mg·CO2 ·m-2·h-1 respectively) or less. In the short term, the lowest intensity of CO2 emission and a surge in basal respiration, along with an increase in microbial biomass, were observed with the addition of fertilizer NPKS 21:10:10:2. The greatest change in the functioning of the soil microbial community, revealed by the maximum qCO2, occurred with the introduction of NPKS 27:6:6:2. Th e dy-namics of CO2 emission from the soils of the small-plot experiment from April to October correlated with the soil temperature (rS = 0.66, p<0.05, n=135). In all periods of the study, the minimum CO2 emissions were noted for the plot with NPKS 21:10:10:2 fertilizer.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON SOIL RESPIRATION IN URBAN LAWNS","authors":"S. A. KULACHKOVA, E. N. DEREVENETS, P. S. KOROLEV, V. V. PRONINA","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-103-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-103-114","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the need to develop technologies for reducing carbon dioxide emissions and increasing the C-absorption capacity of natural and anthropogenic ecosystems, the possibility of using mineral fertilizers to regulate microbial respiration and CO2 emissions from urban lawn soils was evaluated. The studies were carried out on the territory of the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University on the Lenin Hills in a small-plot experiment with the fractional application of four types of complex fertilizers (NPKS 27:6:6:2, NPKS 21:10:10:2, NPK 15:15:15 and NPK 18:18:18 + 3 MgO + trace elements (TE)) at doses of 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 during the growing season. The carbon content of microbial biomass (Cmic) using substrate-induced respiration was studied, the basal respiration (BR) of soils was estimated, and the emission of CO2 from soils using closed static chambers was determined. Тhe Cmic content in the soil of the control plot in the summer period varied within 1300–1450 μg·g-1. The application of NPKS 21:10:10:2 and NPK 18:18:18 + 3 MgO + TE at a low dose increased the Cmic content by 12–35% for two weeks, then it de-creased. The application of all fertilizers for a short period increased basal respiration of soils and CO2 emission, maximum on the 6th day. Aft er two weeks, the increase in the intensity of BR and CO2 emission decreased or it reached the control values (1,5 μg C-CO2·g-1·h-1 and 500 mg·CO2 ·m-2·h-1 respectively) or less. In the short term, the lowest intensity of CO2 emission and a surge in basal respiration, along with an increase in microbial biomass, were observed with the addition of fertilizer NPKS 21:10:10:2. The greatest change in the functioning of the soil microbial community, revealed by the maximum qCO2, occurred with the introduction of NPKS 27:6:6:2. Th e dy-namics of CO2 emission from the soils of the small-plot experiment from April to October correlated with the soil temperature (rS = 0.66, p<0.05, n=135). In all periods of the study, the minimum CO2 emissions were noted for the plot with NPKS 21:10:10:2 fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"2018 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136144432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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