Pub Date : 2023-06-17DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.3
Fransisca Fleicia Paschaline, Rama Ardhia Prastita, Ericka Mega
Japan is a super-aged society. The combination of high life expectancy and low fertility rates leads to a decreasing population. The situation is so chronic that at the extreme consequences, Prime Minister Fumio Kishida warned Japan was "on the brink of not being able to function as a society." Based on this issue, the article aims to discuss and examine how Japan's demographic crisis affects diversity and social inclusion in economic, social, and political life and what policies should be enforced to create a more diverse and inclusive society in Japan. It is an important topic as no existing literature comprehensively examines how the aging society directly impacts diversity and social inclusion. This paper uses the concept of shrinkanomics, which describes the troublesome economic development in Japan due to its shrinking population, and the theory of inclusive social development, which emphasizes that sustainable development can only be achieved if all members of a society are included. This paper argues that an aging society significantly impacts the political issue of strict immigrant policies and Japan's identity, the economic gap between generations, and the social issue of the healthcare system. To address these issues, the authors argue that there is a need for sustainable policy by pursuing a proactive approach to immigration, enhancing public-private partnerships to promote inclusive economic innovation, and strengthening the home and community-based care system.
日本是一个超老龄化社会。高预期寿命和低生育率的结合导致人口减少。这种情况是如此的长期，以至于在极端的后果下，日本首相岸田文雄(Fumio Kishida)警告说，日本“处于无法作为一个社会发挥作用的边缘”。基于这一问题，本文旨在讨论和审视日本的人口危机如何影响经济、社会和政治生活中的多样性和社会包容性，以及应该执行哪些政策来创造一个更加多元化和包容性的日本社会。这是一个重要的话题，因为没有现有的文献全面研究老龄化社会如何直接影响多样性和社会包容。本文采用了萎缩经济学(shrinkanomics)和包容性社会发展理论(inclusive social development theory)，前者描述了日本因人口萎缩而导致的经济发展困境，后者强调只有将社会所有成员都纳入其中，才能实现可持续发展。本文认为，老龄化社会显著影响了严格移民政策和日本身份认同的政治问题、代际经济差距和医疗保健制度的社会问题。为了解决这些问题，作者认为有必要制定可持续的政策，采取积极主动的移民措施，加强公私伙伴关系以促进包容性经济创新，并加强家庭和社区护理系统。
{"title":"Japan’s Aging Society: A Challenge to Japan’s Diversity & Social Inclusion","authors":"Fransisca Fleicia Paschaline, Rama Ardhia Prastita, Ericka Mega","doi":"10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"Japan is a super-aged society. The combination of high life expectancy and low fertility rates leads to a decreasing population. The situation is so chronic that at the extreme consequences, Prime Minister Fumio Kishida warned Japan was \"on the brink of not being able to function as a society.\" Based on this issue, the article aims to discuss and examine how Japan's demographic crisis affects diversity and social inclusion in economic, social, and political life and what policies should be enforced to create a more diverse and inclusive society in Japan. It is an important topic as no existing literature comprehensively examines how the aging society directly impacts diversity and social inclusion. This paper uses the concept of shrinkanomics, which describes the troublesome economic development in Japan due to its shrinking population, and the theory of inclusive social development, which emphasizes that sustainable development can only be achieved if all members of a society are included. This paper argues that an aging society significantly impacts the political issue of strict immigrant policies and Japan's identity, the economic gap between generations, and the social issue of the healthcare system. To address these issues, the authors argue that there is a need for sustainable policy by pursuing a proactive approach to immigration, enhancing public-private partnerships to promote inclusive economic innovation, and strengthening the home and community-based care system.","PeriodicalId":477044,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Transformasi Global","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135525409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-17DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.4
Hemalia Kusumadewi
Suicide has been a long-time national problem for Japan as they hold the record for country with highest suicide rate according to WHO and the problem continues as of current. COVID - 19 which impacted most nation throughout the world including Japan, has a hand in influencing the increase of suicide rate in Japan. This increase is particularly evident in groups of youth and women who are among the most vulnerable groups in Japan, thus calls for more comprehensive sets of policy for suicide prevention. Currently there are prevention policies existing curRently. Among them there is a policy called NOCOMIT-J that will be the focus of this article. However, the rapid increase of suicide in pandemic time proves that there is an urgent need to improve the policy to suits the complexity of the situation. This paper aims to assess the variables behind the increase of suicide rates in Japan particularly for youth and women in order to use it as a basis calculation to improve the existing suicide prevention policy to focus on the group-specific problems. This paper will use qualitative method of descriptive case studies to analyze the unique factor contributing to women and youth suicide cases in pandemic time and use the result to suggest improvements for NOCOMIT-J policy by analyzing it in the established framework of holistic global mental health policy.
{"title":"IMPROVING NOCOMIT-J PROGRAM AS A RESPONSE OF WOMEN’S AND YOUTH’S SUICIDE CASES SURGE DURING COVID-19","authors":"Hemalia Kusumadewi","doi":"10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.4","url":null,"abstract":"Suicide has been a long-time national problem for Japan as they hold the record for country with highest suicide rate according to WHO and the problem continues as of current. COVID - 19 which impacted most nation throughout the world including Japan, has a hand in influencing the increase of suicide rate in Japan. This increase is particularly evident in groups of youth and women who are among the most vulnerable groups in Japan, thus calls for more comprehensive sets of policy for suicide prevention. Currently there are prevention policies existing curRently. Among them there is a policy called NOCOMIT-J that will be the focus of this article. However, the rapid increase of suicide in pandemic time proves that there is an urgent need to improve the policy to suits the complexity of the situation. This paper aims to assess the variables behind the increase of suicide rates in Japan particularly for youth and women in order to use it as a basis calculation to improve the existing suicide prevention policy to focus on the group-specific problems. This paper will use qualitative method of descriptive case studies to analyze the unique factor contributing to women and youth suicide cases in pandemic time and use the result to suggest improvements for NOCOMIT-J policy by analyzing it in the established framework of holistic global mental health policy.","PeriodicalId":477044,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Transformasi Global","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135525406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-17DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.1
Abel Josafat Manullang, Jasson Aditya Sudrajat, Excel Stephen
Apart from their advanced technological innovation and development, Japan is also known for its support towards its disability community. However, Japan has a long and interesting history behind it as it initially, and to some degree in the present, did not appear that way. Filled with discrimination and even ostracization, Japan has gone a long distance to its present supportive treatment. By using the qualitative research method based on secondary data, the article aims to shed light to 4 issues. First, the article begins by laying out Japan’s background regarding their treatment towards the disability community. Here, it can be seen how in the past they were subjected to confinement and discrimination. Moving on, a discussion over the changes of treatment towards them by the government is provided. The changes can be attributed to the government’s rational move to uphold human security, strive towards a more inclusive society, and preparation towards huge events like the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics. The way the government made such changes is through the securitization or speech act. Eventually, the changes materialised into many forms, from the supportive bills/laws all the way to infrastructure adjustments that would ease access for people with disabilities on the field. Finally, for the implications brought about by the changes, it can be seen in how the environment are more accessible for people with disability and how it can work as a public diplomacy attempt as apparent in the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics.
{"title":"On the Road towards Grand Inclusivity: The Development of Japan’s Treatment towards Its Disability Community’s Security","authors":"Abel Josafat Manullang, Jasson Aditya Sudrajat, Excel Stephen","doi":"10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.1","url":null,"abstract":"Apart from their advanced technological innovation and development, Japan is also known for its support towards its disability community. However, Japan has a long and interesting history behind it as it initially, and to some degree in the present, did not appear that way. Filled with discrimination and even ostracization, Japan has gone a long distance to its present supportive treatment. By using the qualitative research method based on secondary data, the article aims to shed light to 4 issues. First, the article begins by laying out Japan’s background regarding their treatment towards the disability community. Here, it can be seen how in the past they were subjected to confinement and discrimination. Moving on, a discussion over the changes of treatment towards them by the government is provided. The changes can be attributed to the government’s rational move to uphold human security, strive towards a more inclusive society, and preparation towards huge events like the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics. The way the government made such changes is through the securitization or speech act. Eventually, the changes materialised into many forms, from the supportive bills/laws all the way to infrastructure adjustments that would ease access for people with disabilities on the field. Finally, for the implications brought about by the changes, it can be seen in how the environment are more accessible for people with disability and how it can work as a public diplomacy attempt as apparent in the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics.","PeriodicalId":477044,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Transformasi Global","volume":"373 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135525405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Japan faced racist issues and it impacts the society. Which is crucial since society play an important role in a country. Therefore are there any efforts coming from the government of Japan and NGOs to solve this problem? Knowing the efforts made by both governments and NGOs to combat racism could help increase accountability, transparency, and public trust in these organizations and the initiatives they undertake. The primary data in this study were obtained from the results of interviews conducted by the authors of the informants, while the secondary data was in the form of documents and journals that were relevant and could support the research. The government does provide facilities such as consulting services for foreigners to report racist acts they experienced. The government and NGOs initiate a campaign in the form of a billboard. It is considered not effective and has little impact. On the other hand, the Japanese government has begun to socialize by giving some advice to companies in Japan to provide a Japanese language learning medium to train foreign workers. Based on the results of the research, most of our informants stated that the efforts made by the Japanese government and NGOs aren’t enough. The Japanese government and NGOs should consider bigger efforts to eliminate racism in their society.
{"title":"Japan Government and NGOs Effort Towards Eliminating Racism in Japan","authors":"Angel Aurelia, Fransiska Priskilia Bero, Nethania Georgina Rosarika Surya Santoso","doi":"10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.2","url":null,"abstract":"Japan faced racist issues and it impacts the society. Which is crucial since society play an important role in a country. Therefore are there any efforts coming from the government of Japan and NGOs to solve this problem? Knowing the efforts made by both governments and NGOs to combat racism could help increase accountability, transparency, and public trust in these organizations and the initiatives they undertake. The primary data in this study were obtained from the results of interviews conducted by the authors of the informants, while the secondary data was in the form of documents and journals that were relevant and could support the research. The government does provide facilities such as consulting services for foreigners to report racist acts they experienced. The government and NGOs initiate a campaign in the form of a billboard. It is considered not effective and has little impact. On the other hand, the Japanese government has begun to socialize by giving some advice to companies in Japan to provide a Japanese language learning medium to train foreign workers. Based on the results of the research, most of our informants stated that the efforts made by the Japanese government and NGOs aren’t enough. The Japanese government and NGOs should consider bigger efforts to eliminate racism in their society.","PeriodicalId":477044,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Transformasi Global","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135525407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-17DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.7
Wan Nur Ain, Sephia Wulandari, Rifqi Jalil
The United Nations (UN) adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in late 2006, with the fundamental aim of upholding the human rights interests of persons with disabilities in sustainable development. As of August 2021, the Convention has been ratified by 183 member states of the United Nations (UN), one of them being Japan in early 2014. The ratification of the Convention by Japan was then followed by several amendments to the Japanese Law, which were also followed by initiating policies in the education sector for people with disabilities, one of which is the Special Needs Education program. The implementation of several policies implemented by the Government has led Japan to be ranked 24th among 134 countries in the world with a high global development inclusiveness index. Therefore, this article aims to explain how the Japanese Government's strategy and policy measures in disability education using the approach or concept of inclusive development. The research in this article uses the library research method by using literature such as documents or data that has been published, including journal articles, reports, laws, and regulations from the Japanese Government, related institutions, and international organizations through their official websites. With this, the author's findings presented in this article, namely the existence of policies on Education for people with disabilities in Japan, which in their realization, use the basic principles of inclusive development.
{"title":"Japan's Inclusive Development The Strategy and Policies of The Japanese Government Towards Disability Education.","authors":"Wan Nur Ain, Sephia Wulandari, Rifqi Jalil","doi":"10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.7","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations (UN) adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in late 2006, with the fundamental aim of upholding the human rights interests of persons with disabilities in sustainable development. As of August 2021, the Convention has been ratified by 183 member states of the United Nations (UN), one of them being Japan in early 2014. The ratification of the Convention by Japan was then followed by several amendments to the Japanese Law, which were also followed by initiating policies in the education sector for people with disabilities, one of which is the Special Needs Education program. The implementation of several policies implemented by the Government has led Japan to be ranked 24th among 134 countries in the world with a high global development inclusiveness index. Therefore, this article aims to explain how the Japanese Government's strategy and policy measures in disability education using the approach or concept of inclusive development. The research in this article uses the library research method by using literature such as documents or data that has been published, including journal articles, reports, laws, and regulations from the Japanese Government, related institutions, and international organizations through their official websites. With this, the author's findings presented in this article, namely the existence of policies on Education for people with disabilities in Japan, which in their realization, use the basic principles of inclusive development.","PeriodicalId":477044,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Transformasi Global","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135525403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-17DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.5
Janice Elysia, Ni Putu Juniari, Ni Luh Putu Cintya Devi
As a developed country, Japan is not immune to difficulties. Hyper-aged population, economic stagnation, and gender inequality are some of the crucial issues. The presence of the Womenomics policy in 2013 as an effort to empower women in Japan is one of the Japanese government's solutions to mitigate the problem of hyper-aged population, economic stagnation, and gender disparity. This research aims to discover and examine the challenges of the 21st century in Japan, particularly the subject of women's empowerment and its correlation with economic growth. The descriptive qualitative case study research method was applied to examine the political goods within the Womenomics policy. With a public policy approach, the study's findings represent Japan's efforts to implement an gender-based innovative policy that allows Japanese women to access equal opportunities in social, political, education, and economic sectors to increase the labour force number as the growth strategy to mitigate the impact of the hyper-aged population in Japan. This policy shows that Japanese women have grown in the workplace, however many challenges still occur to tackle the gender-biased paradigm in Japanese society, such as wage-gap problems.
{"title":"Womenomics: Gender Inclusivity as a Growth Strategy in Japan","authors":"Janice Elysia, Ni Putu Juniari, Ni Luh Putu Cintya Devi","doi":"10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.5","url":null,"abstract":"As a developed country, Japan is not immune to difficulties. Hyper-aged population, economic stagnation, and gender inequality are some of the crucial issues. The presence of the Womenomics policy in 2013 as an effort to empower women in Japan is one of the Japanese government's solutions to mitigate the problem of hyper-aged population, economic stagnation, and gender disparity. This research aims to discover and examine the challenges of the 21st century in Japan, particularly the subject of women's empowerment and its correlation with economic growth. The descriptive qualitative case study research method was applied to examine the political goods within the Womenomics policy. With a public policy approach, the study's findings represent Japan's efforts to implement an gender-based innovative policy that allows Japanese women to access equal opportunities in social, political, education, and economic sectors to increase the labour force number as the growth strategy to mitigate the impact of the hyper-aged population in Japan. This policy shows that Japanese women have grown in the workplace, however many challenges still occur to tackle the gender-biased paradigm in Japanese society, such as wage-gap problems.","PeriodicalId":477044,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Transformasi Global","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135525404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-17DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.6
Tarisya Maharani Ohorella, Ghulam Phasa Pambayung
When talking about inclusive society, one should ponder the point of creating a society that provides equal opportunities regardless of the backgrounds of its members. An identity background one can have is to be hearing-impaired. Promoting inclusive society also means eradicating any hindrance faced by them. A number of countries have tried to do so, with many having failed. In that case, Japan is another case where the government is trying their best to design an inclusive society. Through this paper, the writers will try to elaborate the condition and struggle that is faced by the Deaf of Japan. Using Tan and Ang inclusive society characteristic as a theoretical framework, the writers found that, despite the fact that there has been efforts made by the government of Japan to integrate Deaf people into its society, namely by introducing Japanese Sign Language (JSL) and national Deaf organization, they has not been able to create inclusive society for the deaf. Their struggle is simply not enough to face problems such as the scarcity of Deaf educational institutions, interpreters, and representations. Despite there has been many studies examining the identity and struggles of the Deaf in Japan, the writers consider this writing as a precious contribution to inclusivity studies.
{"title":"Nihon Shuwa (日本手話): How the Deaf Fight and Sign Through Barriers in Japan","authors":"Tarisya Maharani Ohorella, Ghulam Phasa Pambayung","doi":"10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtg.010.01.6","url":null,"abstract":"When talking about inclusive society, one should ponder the point of creating a society that provides equal opportunities regardless of the backgrounds of its members. An identity background one can have is to be hearing-impaired. Promoting inclusive society also means eradicating any hindrance faced by them. A number of countries have tried to do so, with many having failed. In that case, Japan is another case where the government is trying their best to design an inclusive society. Through this paper, the writers will try to elaborate the condition and struggle that is faced by the Deaf of Japan. Using Tan and Ang inclusive society characteristic as a theoretical framework, the writers found that, despite the fact that there has been efforts made by the government of Japan to integrate Deaf people into its society, namely by introducing Japanese Sign Language (JSL) and national Deaf organization, they has not been able to create inclusive society for the deaf. Their struggle is simply not enough to face problems such as the scarcity of Deaf educational institutions, interpreters, and representations. Despite there has been many studies examining the identity and struggles of the Deaf in Japan, the writers consider this writing as a precious contribution to inclusivity studies.","PeriodicalId":477044,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Transformasi Global","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135525408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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