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The place and role of the Oscar Film Award in Russian cinema 奥斯卡电影奖在俄罗斯电影中的地位和作用
Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.30853/pa20240021
Maksim Vladimirovich Shumov
The purpose of the study is to identify the place and role of the Oscar film Award by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in the Russian film community. The article reveals the aspects of the Oscar Film Award in the context of the global recognition of the professional merits of Russian cinematographers and their works. The focus is not only on the quantitative approach, but also on the qualitative one. It is important for the author to trace the nominations of the film award, the years of application, the directors who repeatedly apply, as well as the opinions of critics and viewers of the submitted films in order to reveal the comprehensive role of this film award in the career of domestic cinematographers, as well as their status in the world of cinema. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the actualization of the role of the Oscar film Award in relation to Russian cinema and the justification of a clear analytical approach to films and directors claiming to be the winner of the most prestigious film award in the world. As a result of the study, it was revealed that Russia (including the Soviet period of its existence) was represented at the Oscar Film Awards from 1943 to 2023. During this period, 64 films were officially submitted from our country to participate in various film award nominations. Of these, 29 became the official nominees of the film award in 7 nominations. The most successful year, in terms of Oscar nominations, was 2008, and the decade was the 1990s. The most nominated directors were Nikita Mikhalkov (6 applications, 3 nominations, 1 win) and Alexander Petrov (4 applications, 4 nominations, 1 win). It has also been revealed that many filmmakers around the world consider this film award to be politicized and biased. However, this does not exclude the enormous influence of this award, as well as its laureates, on the world film community.
本研究旨在确定美国电影艺术与科学学院奥斯卡电影奖在俄罗斯电影界的地位和作用。文章揭示了奥斯卡电影奖在俄罗斯电影摄影师及其作品的专业价值得到全球认可的背景下的方方面面。重点不仅在于定量方法,还在于定性方法。对作者而言,重要的是追踪电影奖的提名情况、申请年份、多次申请的导演以及评论家和观众对提交影片的意见,以揭示该电影奖在国内电影摄影师职业生涯中的综合作用以及他们在电影界的地位。这项研究的科学新颖性在于,研究了奥斯卡电影奖在俄罗斯电影中的作用,并对声称获得世界上最负盛名的电影奖的影片和导演提出了明确的分析方法。研究结果表明,从 1943 年到 2023 年,俄罗斯(包括苏联时期)参加了奥斯卡电影奖的评选。在此期间,我国有 64 部电影正式提交参加各种电影奖提名。其中,29 部影片在 7 项提名中成为电影奖的正式入围影片。就奥斯卡提名而言,最成功的年份是 2008 年,最成功的十年是 20 世纪 90 年代。获得提名最多的导演是尼基塔-米哈尔科夫(6 次申请,3 次提名,1 次获奖)和亚历山大-彼得罗夫(4 次申请,4 次提名,1 次获奖)。另据透露,世界上许多电影制作人认为该电影奖被政治化并带有偏见。然而,这并不排除该奖项及其获奖者对世界电影界的巨大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Specificity of the ballad genre in Russian musical creativity of the XX century: Defining properties and historical context 二十世纪俄罗斯音乐创作中民谣体裁的特殊性:定义特性和历史背景
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.30853/pa20240019
Alyona Alekseevna Kononova
The aim of the study is to characterize the ballad and the specifics of its realization in Russian musical creativity of the 20th century in the historical context with the identification of the reasons for the author's appeal to the genre. The article presents the constant features of the genre, the main trends in the development of the ballad in the historical period under consideration, analyzes the principles of interpenetration of the ballad and other genres, and identifies the reasons for its popularity in composers' work and mass culture. For the first time on the material of diverse compositions of Russian musical academic art and samples of mass culture the manifestations of balladry in the framework of mixt combinations with large-scale genres (symphony, concerto, cantata, etc.) are studied. The ballad is considered from the point of view of a tool that allows authors to build the artistic world of the work, to appeal to various ancient aesthetic concepts, as well as to circumvent ideological barriers. This is the scientific novelty of the study. As a result of analyzing the available data, the author came to the conclusion: in the process of development in the ballad formed features that can be divided into constant and mobile. At the same time, it is established that such specific properties of the genre as allegorical statement, multiplanarity, mobility of categories of time and space, as well as the possibility of genre synthesis are determinant for the demand for ballads in musical art and mass culture.
本研究的目的是在历史背景下描述民谣的特点及其在 20 世纪俄罗斯音乐创作中的具体实现方式,并确定作者对该体裁产生吸引力的原因。文章介绍了这一体裁的恒定特征、所研究历史时期民谣发展的主要趋势,分析了民谣与其他体裁相互渗透的原则,并指出了民谣在作曲家作品和大众文化中受欢迎的原因。首次以俄罗斯音乐学术艺术的各种作品和大众文化样本为素材,研究了民谣在与大型体裁(交响乐、协奏曲、大合唱等)混合组合框架中的表现形式。民谣是作者构建作品艺术世界、诉诸各种古老审美观念以及规避意识形态障碍的工具。这就是本研究的科学创新之处。通过对现有资料的分析,作者得出结论:民谣在发展过程中形成的特点可分为恒定性和流动性。同时,作者还确定,寓言式陈述、多平面性、时间和空间类别的流动性以及体裁综合的可能性等体裁的特殊属性是音乐艺术和大众文化对民谣需求的决定性因素。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural code: Definition of the concept and practical problems of the phenomenon: Theoretical review 文化代码:概念的定义和现象的实际问题:理论回顾
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.30853/pa20240020
D. Losev
The aim of the study is to form a theoretical core of understanding of this phenomenon within the framework of theoretical review of modern concepts of cultural code. The article considers different definitional, structural and functional aspects of the cultural code, reveals its psychic roots and significance in human behavior, structure, sign-symbolic, figurative and value content, the role of a connecting element between the psyche and culture, the function of a communicative element and an interpreter of cultural texts and a cipher encapsulating the main meanings of culture. The significance of the cultural code in ethnic and national forms of human existence, in the construction of social and cultural identity is established. The key problems and risks associated with the defragmentation of the cultural code are outlined: standardization and unification of cultural codes within the framework of globalization, ideological and cultural wars and propaganda, excessive subordination of culture to market and materialistic principles, erosion of traditional values and meanings and at the same time imbalance between traditional and innovative principles in culture, conflictogenicity and disharmony of socio-cultural space as factors of intergroup and international conflicts, destructive processes, and the emergence of new cultural codes. Based on the generalization and synthesis of the obtained knowledge, a new theoretical and conceptual core of the cultural code is formulated as a structure that determines the image-symbolic and value content of culture, its ethnic and national peculiarities, the prospects of development of the sociocultural environment or the mechanisms slowing down this development, as well as the specificity of unconscious thinking and behavior of the people-expressor of the culture and its codes. In the framework of the proposed concept, the cultural code appears as a kind of “genome” of culture, laying the foundations of its development, determining the nature of interaction and human assimilation of its products, serves as a basic mechanism of specific cultural mastering and transformation of the world around people, as well as a decoder that allows (if correctly interpreted) to read the mental characteristics of social groups and influence them in the mental and behavioral sense.
研究的目的是在对现代文化代码概念进行理论回顾的框架内,形成理解这一现象的理论核心。文章探讨了文化代码的定义、结构和功能等不同方面,揭示了文化代码在人类行为、结构、符号、形象和价值内容中的心理根源和意义,以及它作为心理和文化之间的连接元素的作用、作为文化文本的交流元素和解释者的功能和作为封装文化主要含义的密码的作用。确定了文化代码在人类生存的民族和国家形式中以及在构建社会和文化认同中的重要意义。概述了与文化代码碎片化相关的主要问题和风险:全球化框架内文化代码的标准化和统一、意识形态和文化战争及宣传、文化过度从属于市场和物质原则、传统价值和意义的侵蚀以及同时文化中传统原则和创新原则之间的失衡、作为群体间和国际冲突因素的社会文化空间的冲突性和不和谐、破坏性进程以及新文化代码的出现。在对已获得的知识进行归纳和综合的基础上,我们提出了文化代码的新理论和概念核心,它是一种结构,决定了文化的形象符号和价值内容、其民族和国家的特殊性、社会文化环境的发展前景或减缓这种发展的机制,以及文化及其代码的表达者的无意识思维和行为的特殊性。在这一概念的框架内,文化代码是文化的一种 "基因组",奠定了文化发展的基础,决定了互动的性质和人类对文化产品的吸收,是掌握特定文化和改造周围世界的基本机制,也是一种解码器,可以(在正确解读的情况下)解读社会群体的心理特征,并在心理和行为上对其施加影响。
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引用次数: 0
Nudity in the fine art of Austria-Hungary at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Idealization, naturalism and eroticism 19 世纪和 20 世纪之交奥匈帝国美术作品中的裸体。理想化、自然主义和色情主义
Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.30853/pa20240018
Danila Sergeevich Cherkasov
The study aims to identify the main directions that the fine art of Austria-Hungary at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries followed in the field of portraying the nude human body. To do so, a number of works by Austro-Hungarian masters (G. Klimt, K. Moser, O. Kokoschka, F. von Bayros, M. Liebermann, etc.) who worked during the specified period were analyzed on the basis of the collections of museums in Vienna, as well as electronic collections and catalogs of other foreign museums. The analysis helped to identify three main trends in nudity depiction: idealization, characteristic of conservative art; opposed to idealization, naturalism, found in the works by more progressive artists; and eroticism, which represents a balance between the two aforementioned extremes, in other case the work loses its erotic charge. Although depictions of nudity are often the subject of art criticism, the three-part classification developed for this study seems to be a new and productive form of examining the topic.
本研究旨在确定 19 世纪和 20 世纪之交奥匈帝国美术在描绘人体裸体方面的主要方向。为此,根据维也纳博物馆的藏品以及其他外国博物馆的电子藏品和目录,分析了奥匈帝国大师(G. Klimt、K. Moser、O. Kokoschka、F. von Bayros、M. Liebermann 等)在特定时期创作的大量作品。分析结果有助于确定裸体描绘的三大趋势:理想化,这是保守艺术的特征;与理想化相对的是自然主义,出现在较为前卫的艺术家的作品中;情色主义,代表了上述两个极端之间的平衡,在其他情况下,作品失去了情色意味。尽管裸体描绘经常成为艺术批评的主题,但为本研究制定的三部分类法似乎是研究这一主题的一种新的富有成效的形式。
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引用次数: 0
Teaching future designers the specifics of form shaping for architectonic objects of the object-spatial environment and costume 向未来的设计师传授塑造物体空间环境和服装建筑物体的具体方法
Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.30853/pa20240013
Lana Yanovna Zhivova, Evgenia Aleksandrovna Zabolotskaya
The aim of the research is to identify the relevant format of applying the modular form shaping technique when teaching the “Architectonics of three-dimensional structures” course to students in various design training programs. The paper addresses issues related to the practical mastery of the specified course by students in creative training programs, focusing on the features of a developed comprehensive exercise. The scientific novelty of the work lies in using modular form shaping of varying structural complexity within the described task, aiming to find the structure of an independent object rather than merely an element the multiple repetition of which forms a complete shape. Additionally, the developed system of approaches is universally applicable to most three-dimensional design objects. Moreover, the concise combination of theory (a set of basic laws of constructing harmonious forms) and its implementation through the development of crucial analytical skills and the direct realization of an author’s art object using advanced paper-plastic techniques is atypical for standard exercises. Thus, the uniqueness of the described task is evident due to its comprehensive approach to form shaping and an attempt to immerse students in the full process of a designer’s work. As a result of the research, the universality of the principles embedded in the described exercise has been identified, applicable not only to the creation of products presented in the paper but also to any three-dimensional art objects.
本研究旨在确定在向不同设计专业的学生讲授 "三维结构建筑学 "课程时应用模块化造型技术的相关形式。论文探讨了与创造性培养计划学生实际掌握指定课程有关的问题,重点是开发的综合练习的特点。该作品的科学新颖性在于,在所述任务中使用了结构复杂程度不同的模块化造型,旨在找到一个独立物体的结构,而不仅仅是多次重复形成完整形状的元素。此外,所开发的方法体系普遍适用于大多数三维设计对象。此外,将理论(一套构建和谐形式的基本规律)与通过培养关键的分析技能和使用先进的纸塑技术直接实现作者的艺术作品来实施理论的简明结合,在标准练习中是非典型的。因此,所描述的任务的独特性是显而易见的,因为它采用了全面的方法来塑造形式,并试图让学生沉浸在设计师工作的全过程中。研究结果表明,所述练习中蕴含的原则具有普遍性,不仅适用于本文中介绍的产品创 作,也适用于任何三维艺术品。
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引用次数: 0
The edges of humanism of the Renaissance in the mid-13th – the mid-16th century: Part 1 13 世纪中叶至 16 世纪中叶文艺复兴时期人文主义的边缘:第一部分
Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.30853/pa20240011
A. Demchenko
The essay is dedicated to exploring the art and culture of the Renaissance period, heralding Modern times, spanning from the mid-13th to the mid-16th century. This part of the work highlights the artistic achievements of the Middle East during the specified period, particularly in architecture, poetry (including the rise of humanism). Turning to European culture, the author specifically addresses the art of the Orthodox world (primarily focusing on church painting and, to a lesser extent, on the Ancient Russian Znamenny chant), noting its influence on the currents of the Renaissance. The author delves into the Gothic style, somewhat contrasting traditional notions of the Renaissance period (a kind of “counterculture”), across its various manifestations in visual arts, music and literature. Special attention is given to the central part of Renaissance art, tracing its evolution from the Early Renaissance (masterpieces of sculpture in Gothic cathedrals) to the Proto-Renaissance (paintings and frescoes by Italian masters, the emergence of psychologism in painting, the literary movement of Dolce stile nuovо marking the transition from the Middle Ages to Modern times, Ars Nova in musical art). The exploration of this theme will continue in the next part of the essay.
这篇文章专门探讨文艺复兴时期的艺术和文化,它预示着现代,时间跨度从 13 世纪中叶到 16 世纪中叶。这部分内容重点介绍了中东地区在这一时期取得的艺术成就,尤其是在建筑、诗歌(包括人文主义的兴起)方面。在谈到欧洲文化时,作者特别论述了东正教世界的艺术(主要侧重于教堂绘画,其次是古俄罗斯兹纳曼尼圣歌),并指出其对文艺复兴潮流的影响。作者深入研究了哥特式风格,在一定程度上对比了文艺复兴时期的传统观念(一种 "反文化")及其在视觉艺术、音乐和文学中的各种表现形式。特别关注文艺复兴艺术的核心部分,追溯其从早期文艺复兴(哥特式大教堂的雕塑杰作)到原文艺复兴(意大利大师的绘画和壁画、绘画中心理主义的出现、标志着从中世纪向现代过渡的 Dolce stile nuovо文学运动、音乐艺术中的 Ars Nova)的演变过程。下一部分将继续探讨这一主题。
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引用次数: 0
The image of the common enemy of the USSR and NATO in the English-language cinema of the Cold War period 冷战时期英语电影中苏联和北约共同敌人的形象
Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.30853/pa20240012
Maxim Alekseevich Nazarov
The author extensively examines the plots of films from the Cold War period in English-language cinema, focusing on the representation of the “common enemy” and the Soviet side. The research aim is to identify how this theme evolved during periods of détente and escalation of the Cold War in the 1980s, exploring the images and plots used in films. The study analyzes a range of films and TV series as sources of this theme, including James Bond films, the series “The Man from U.N.C.L.E.” and “The A-Team”, as well as works by directors such as Stanley Kubrick, Don Siegel, and John Mackenzie. The scientific novelty lies in analyzing plots and characters that have received little attention in Russian cultural studies. New sources have been introduced into the academic discourse, and the theme of the article is novel, shedding new light on the topic of cultural confrontation between the USSR and the Western bloc, revealing plots that reshape perceptions of the representation of the Soviet side in Anglo-American cinema. The author concludes that British and American directors did not consider the USSR as absolute evil, leading to the creation of a narrative trope of a common enemy hostile to both NATO and the Soviet Union.
作者广泛研究了冷战时期英语电影中的情节,重点关注 "共同敌人 "和苏联方面的表现。研究目的是确定这一主题在 20 世纪 80 年代冷战缓和与升级时期是如何演变的,并探讨电影中使用的形象和情节。研究分析了作为这一主题来源的一系列电影和电视剧,包括詹姆斯-邦德电影、《来自 U.N.C.L.E.的男人》系列和《A-Team》,以及斯坦利-库布里克、唐-西格尔和约翰-麦肯齐等导演的作品。科学的新颖性在于分析俄罗斯文化研究中很少关注的情节和人物。学术讨论中引入了新的资料来源,文章主题新颖,为苏联与西方集团之间的文化对抗这一主题带来了新的启示,揭示了一些情节,重塑了人们对英美电影中苏联方面表现的看法。作者的结论是,英美导演并不认为苏联是绝对的邪恶,这导致了一种叙事套路的产生,即敌视北约和苏联的共同敌人。
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引用次数: 0
Principle of contrast as a compositional technique in the Sonata for accordion by B. Mironchuk B. Mironchuk 的手风琴奏鸣曲中作为作曲技巧的对比原则
Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.30853/pa20240007
Oleg Nikolaevich Miroshnichenko
The aim of the study is to identify the role of the principle of contrast (figurative, genre, thematic, tempo) as a compositional technique in the Sonata for accordion by B. Mironchuk. The work of the Donetsk author becomes the object of comprehensive study for the first time. The principle of contrast is considered as an important factor in the formation and development of musical material. It is noted that the figurative contrast associated with the alternation of active and lyrical figurative spheres drives the dramatic development of the work. The tempo contrast is embodied in delimitating the sections of the form of each of the sonata’s movements. The figurative-tempo spheres are characterized by comparisons of the genre models of toccata, scherzo and song, the jazz style of boogie-woogie and quasi-choral episodes are involved. The thematic contrast is manifested in changes in the mode-tonal plan, features of the harmonic and rhythmic organization and stylistic decisions. The analysis of the interpretation shows the identity of the thinking of the performer and the composer embodied in one person and suggests the unique standard of such an interpretation due to the exact adherence to the instructions of the author’s text. The result of the study amounts to the following: the analysis of the compositional techniques and interpretation of this opus provides a platform for further study of B. Mironchuk’s creative work and the sonata genre.
本研究旨在确定对比原则(形象、体裁、主题、节奏)作为一种作曲技巧在 B. Mironchuk 手风琴奏鸣曲中的作用。这位顿涅茨克作家的作品首次成为全面研究的对象。对比原则被视为形成和发展音乐素材的重要因素。我们注意到,与活跃的和抒情的具象领域交替相关的具象对比推动了作品的戏剧性发展。速度对比体现在对奏鸣曲各乐章形式的划分上。具象-速度领域的特点是对托卡塔、回旋曲和歌曲等体裁模式进行比较,还涉及布吉-伍吉爵士风格和准合唱情节。主题对比体现在音调模式的变化、和声与节奏组织的特点以及风格决定上。对诠释的分析表明,演奏者和作曲家的思维体现在一个人身上,并表明这种诠释的独特标准是由于严格遵守了作者文本的指示。研究结果如下:对这首作品的作曲技巧和诠释的分析为进一步研究 B. Mironchuk 的创作和奏鸣曲体裁提供了一个平台。
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引用次数: 0
Semiotic interpretation of stage costume 舞台服装的符号学解释
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.30853/pa20240006
Larisa Sergeevna Lozinskaya
The aim of the study is to identify cause-and-effect relations in semiotic interpretation of stage costume. The article explores the history of stage costume development, briefly presents its periodization with characteristic features of each stage, and socio-cultural forms of encoding. The scientific novelty of the research lies in focusing on the issue of costume semantics as an important component of the expressive system of modern music and theater productions. The research establishes that stage (theatrical) costume has its own developmental regularities and periodization caused by many factors. It is found that in the 20th and 21st centuries, there is an increasing interaction of two main trends: 1) stage costume is characterized by a high degree of codification and symbolism, with significant transformations in the specific content of symbols; 2) a variety of techniques are observed in achieving various aspects of “authenticity” in relation to theatrical action as a whole and theatrical costumes in particular.
本研究旨在确定舞台服装符号学解释中的因果关系。文章探讨了舞台服装的发展历史,简要介绍了舞台服装的时期划分、每个阶段的特征以及编码的社会文化形式。该研究的科学新颖性在于将服装语义问题作为现代音乐和戏剧作品表现系统的重要组成部分进行重点研究。研究发现,舞台(戏剧)服装的发展有其自身的规律性,并在多种因素的作用下呈现出周期性。研究发现,在 20 世纪和 21 世纪,两种主要趋势的相互作用日益增强:1) 舞台服装的特点是高度代码化和符号化,符号的具体内容发生了重大变化;2) 在实现与整个戏剧活动,特别是戏剧服装有关的各方面 "真实性 "方面,出现了多种技术。
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引用次数: 0
Veksler A. K. Ornament in the Content of Art Education: monograph. St. Petersburg: LLC "Knizhny Dom", 2023. 222 p. + color inserts 20 p.: Book review Veksler A. K. Ornament in the Content of Art Education: monograph.圣彼得堡:LLC "Knizhny Dom", 2023.222 页 + 彩色插页 20 页:书评
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.30853/pa20240005
Olga Anatolievna Tuminskaya
The review of the monograph "Ornament in the Content of Art Education" by A. K. Veksler (2023) presents an examination and analysis of the material recommended by the author, highlighting the merits of the monograph, and offering recommendations for evaluating and applying A. K. Veksler's theoretical work in artistic-pedagogical practice. The reviewed edition, for the first time, delves into the fundamentals of teaching design and decorative-applied arts through the prism of ornament, establishing the relationship: ornament is a definition that demonstrates meta-subject connections.
对A. K. Veksler的专著《艺术教育内容中的装饰》(2023年)的评论,对作者推荐的材料进行了研究和分析,强调了该专著的优点,并为在艺术教学实践中评价和应用A. K. Veksler的理论工作提出了建议。评论版首次通过装饰的棱镜深入探讨了设计和装饰应用艺术教学的基本原理,确立了两者之间的关系:装饰是一个显示元主体联系的定义。
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引用次数: 0
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Pan-Art
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